Quality of Hawaii’s Avocados Moving towards import replacement Marisa Wall USDA, ARS, PBARC Ted...
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Transcript of Quality of Hawaii’s Avocados Moving towards import replacement Marisa Wall USDA, ARS, PBARC Ted...
Quality of Hawaii’s Avocados Moving towards import replacement
Marisa WallUSDA, ARS, PBARC
Ted Radovich, Marc Meisner, Glen Fukumoto – UH-CTAHRKen Love – HTFGFrancis Zee – USDA, ARS, PBARC
• Avocados are nutrient-dense fruits: high in unsaturated fats, fiber, niacin, folate, lutein, potassium, iron, vitamins B6, C, E, K.
• Hawaii avocado cultivars are considered by many as gourmet fruit because of their nutty flavor and creamy texture.
SharwilKahaluuMalamaLinda
Local Hass
A survey and taste test by Hawaii chefs identified five avocado cultivars with potential gourmet quality.
Avocado imports into Hawaii are increasing.
• Local avocados contribute ~30% of total demand.
• Supply of imported avocados into Hawaii has tripled.
• Imported avocados cost 3-4 times more than local avocados.
Goals: Determine quality standards for Hawaii’s avocados. Replace imported avocados with Hawaii-grown fruit.
• Determine quality using objective analyses.
• Develop database of objective quality criteria that correlates with sensory quality and market appeal.
• Use quality criteria to evaluate and identify avocado germplasm with market potential.
Avocado Oil Content
• HDOA specifies minimum 12% oil content for "Hawaii Fancy" and "Hawaii No. l" grades.
• Avocado cultivars vary widely: 10% to >30% oil.• Avocados harvested at 12% oil could be immature, with
a watery taste and rubbery texture.• Higher oil content generally correlated with higher
edible quality.• Measuring oil content requires laboratory analysis.
• Predominant maturity index for avocado harvesting.
• Highly correlated to oil content.
• Cultivar-specific: CA – Hass (20.8%), MX – Hass (21.5%), CA- Fuerte (19%), NZ – (24%)
Avocado Dry Matter Content
% Dry matter
20 25 30 35 40 45 50
% O
il c
on
ten
t10
15
20
25
30
35
r2 = 0.93 ***
y = -6.18 + 0.83x
Percent dry matter is highly correlated to oil content.
Mean dry matter = 34.2%
Mean oil content = 22.3%
Sharwil
Avocado fruit weight, dry matter, and oil content - 2010
Cultivar N Av. Fruit Wt (g) % Dry matter % Oil Content
Sharwil 36 350.84 d 42.48 a 27.92 a
Kahaluu 18 681.46 a 39.22 b 22.09 bc
Shattauer 19 423.57 c 39.15 b 23.75 b
MNL 18 348.97 d 38.22 b 23.97 b
Hass - local 30 206.25 f 38.18 b 21.55 cd
Hass - import 46 219.53 f 34.38 c 21.03 cd
Green Gold 19 291.06 f 31.57 d 19.80 d
Penata 17 539.32 b 28.84 e 16.80 e
Malama 26 507.34 b 28.16 e 13.55 f
MalamaKahaluu MNL
Sharwil Schatt GrnGld Hass-Impt
Tas
te
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
Sharwil Schatt GrnGld Hass-Impt
Ap
pea
ran
ce
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
c
b
aab
cbc
aba
Sharwil Schatt GrnGld Hass-Impt
Tex
ture
3.54.04.55.05.56.06.57.07.58.08.59.0
a
b
b b
Sensory analysis: Hawaii’s avocados and imported Hass fruit - 2010
Sensory descriptors for avocado cultivars
Cultivar Green Watery Bland Nutty Creamy
Sharwil 20% 3% 23% 66% 77%
Shattauer 8% 0% 23% 69% 77%
Green Gold 45% 20% 25% 50% 60%
Hass- import 59% 52% 26% 48% 67%
Shattauer
Hass Sharwil
Avocado tasting by 35 culinary professionals - 2010
Cultivar Texture rating % Dry matter % Oil Content
Sharwil 9.02 a 35.40 a 25.42 a
Green Gold 8.64 ab 36.53 a 27.07 a
Serpa 7.09 cd 35.76 a 23.01 b
Hass-local 8.34 ab 32.33 bc 22.43 b
Linda 6.19 d 27.01 d 18.83 c
Nishikawa 7.65 cd 29.59 cd 18.65 c
Egami 6.29 d 27.70 d 18.36 c
Ohata 4.44 e 23.55 e 13.97 d
Hass- import ------ 21.76 e 12.49 d
Conclusions
• Opportunity exists to replace imported avocados with locally grown fruit.
• Consistent supply of high quality avocados is key to capturing market and consumer acceptance.
• Sharwil, Kahaluu, Shattauer, MNL, GreenGold cultivars had better quality than imported Hass fruit.
• Analysis will be expanded to more cultivars and greater fruit numbers in 2011.
• SEND FRUIT – GRADE A ONLY!!
MahaloSandra SilvaSuzy SanxterAndrea LysyKate NishijimaJulia ScholderJenni Ueno
Ted RadovichKen LoveMarc MeisnerGlenn FukumotoFrancis Zee
Hawaii’s Tropical Fruit Growers!