Quality Improvement Methods

Dr. Abdalla Ibrahim

Certified Healthcare Surveyor

Accreditation Specialist

abdallaibrahim@hotmail.com

Definitions

Quality: Do the right thing right from

the first time and every time

Improvement: Make things better

Method:  a series of steps

Quality Improvement Methods

Quality improvement includes:

Product improvement

Process improvement

People based improvement

Quality Improvement Methods

PDCA

The Deming Cycle is a

model of a logical sequence

of four repetitive steps for

continuous quality

improvement and learning

PDCAThe concept of PDCA is based

on the scientific method

"hypothesis"–

experiment"–"evaluation"

 Francis Bacon (Novum Organum, 1620)

"Shewhart cycle: Specification,

production, inspection“in 1939.

PDCA “Deming Cycle”

developed in Japan on 1950 by

Dr W. Edwards Deming

The Deming cycle, or PDSA cycle:

PLAN: plan ahead for change. Analyze and

predict the results.

DO: execute the plan, taking small steps in

controlled circumstances.

STUDY: check, study the results.

ACT: take action to standardize or improve the

process.

TQM: Total quality management is

a management strategy

aimed at embedding

awareness of quality in all

organizational processes.

If Japan Can... Why Can't We? 

Preventing mistakes or defects

review the quality of all factors involved in production

TQM

TQM enjoyed widespread attention during

the late 1980s and early 1990s before

being overshadowed by ISO, Lean

manufacturing, and Six Sigma.

ISO: 'International Organization for Standardization'

A network of national

standards bodies makes

up the ISO membership

and represent ISO in

their country.

ISO: 'International Organization for Standardization'

A network of national

standards bodies makes

up the ISO membership

and represent ISO in

their country.

Quality Management Methods & Techniques

ISO: 'International Organization for Standardization'

Because would have different acronyms in different

languages (IOS in English, OIN in French for Organisation

internationale de normalisation), founders decided to give

it the short form ISO.

ISO is derived from the Greek isos, meaning equal.

Whatever the country, whatever the language, the short

form of the name is always ISO.

ISO develops International Standards and impact all our lives.

ISO covers almost all aspects

of technology and business,

food safety and agriculture

and also includes healthcare.

ISO International Standards ensure that:

Products and services are safe, reliable

and of good quality.

For business, they are strategic tools that

reduce costs by minimizing waste and

errors and increasing productivity.

For Companies to access new markets,

and facilitate free and fair global trade.

LEAN Maximize customer value while minimizing waste.

The ultimate goal is to provide perfect value to the customer through a perfect value creation process that has zero waste.

LEAN

Eliminating waste along entire value streams

creates processes that need less human

effort, less space, less capital, and less time

Provide services at far less costs and with

much fewer defects, compared with traditional

business systems.

Quality circle:

(Group or people oriented

approach)

A quality circle is a participatory

management technique that

enlists the help of employees in

solving problems related to their

own jobs.

Six Sigma

Six Sigma

• It measures how many

defects/errors in a process

• Then figure out how to

systematically eliminate

them

• Finally get as close to

perfection as possible

Six Sigma (DMAIC)

Six Sigma is a set of techniques and tools

for process improvement.

It improves the quality of process outputs by

identifying and removing the causes of

defects (errors) and minimizing variability

in manufacturing and business processes.

Six Sigma combines established methods

such as:

statistical process control

design of experiments 

failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) in

an overall framework.

Six Sigma Structure

Creates a special infrastructure of people within the organization:

"Champions“

"Black Belts“

"Green Belts“

"Yellow Belts“.

Six Sigma

In Six Sigma 

programs the PDCA cycle is called (DMAIC)

DefineMeasureAnalyzeImproveControl"

Kaizen

Kaizen, is a concept in

which we practice

continuous improvement

in order to refine each

and every process,

making it more efficient

and easier along the way.

Quality Management Methods & Techniques

Kaizen

改善 , Japanese Term: Change for the better

English Term: Continuous Improvement.

Continuous Quality Improvement

FOCUS-PDCAFind a process/ Opprtunity for

improvement

Organize a team

Clarify Current knowledge of the

process

Uncover causes of process variation

Select Improvement

PDCA/PDSA

Plan

Do

Check/Study

Act

FOCUS- PDCA

FOCUSPDCA

FMEA

FMEA Steps

Select a high-risk process and

assemble a team.

Diagram the process.

Brainstorm potential failure modes

FMEA Steps

Estimate the severity of the failure

Estimate the probability of

occurrence

Estimate the probability of detection

FMEA Steps

Calculate the risk priority number

Prioritize failure modes

Identify contributing factors of failure modes

Redesign process

Analyze and test the new process

Implement and monitor the redesigned

process

FADE QI model

FADE QI model

There are 4 broad steps to the FADE QI model:

FOCUS: Define and verify the process to be improved

ANALYZE: Collect and analyze data to establish baselines, identify

root causes and point toward possible solutions

DEVELOP: Based on the data, develop action plans for improvement,

including implementation, communication, and measuring/monitoring

EXECUTE: Implement the action plans, on a pilot basis as indicated,

and

EVALUATE: Install an ongoing measuring/monitoring (process control)

system to ensure success.

Any Question