QUALITYGLOSSARY50 Quality Terms and Definitions

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QUALITY TERMS AND DEF IN IT IONS

1 AffinityDiagram

Theaffinitydiagrammethodisatechniquethatanindividualorateamcanuseforproblemsolving.

2 Attribute Acharacteristicorpropertythatisappraisedintermsofwhetheritdoesordoesnotexist,withrespecttoagivenrequirement.

3 AuditStandard Anauthenticdescriptionofessentialcharacteristicsofauditswhichreflectcurrentthoughtandpractice.

4 BasicQualityTools

CauseandEffectDiagram;CheckSheets;ControlChart;FlowChart;Histogram;ParetoDiagram;andScatterDiagram

5 Benchmark Abenchmarkisareferencepointorstandardagainstwhichactualperformancecanbecompared.

6 Brainstorming Anintentionallyuninhibitedtechniqueforgeneratingcreativeideaswhenthebestsolutionisnotobvious.

7 CauseandEffectDiagram

Therelationshipsbetweenpotentialcausesandresultingproblemsareoftendepictedusingthecauseandeffectdiagram.

8 Certification Theauthoritativeactofdocumentingcompliancewithagreedrequirements.

9 Characteristic Apropertythathelpstodifferentiatebetweenitemsofagivensampleorpopulation.Thedifferencemaybeeitherquantitativeorqualitative.

10 CheckSheets Checksheetsaretoolsfororganizingandcollectingfactsanddata.

11 Compliance Ajudgmentthataproductorservicemeetstherequirementsofaspecificstandard.

12 Contract Anacceptedorder.Theagreedrequirementsbetweenasupplierandcustomertransmittedbyanymeans.

13 ControlCharts Controlchartsusingvariabledataarelinegraphsthatdisplayadynamicpictureofprocessbehavior.

14 COPQ CostofPoorQuality

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15 CorrectiveAction

Anactiontakentoeliminatethecausesofanexistingnonconformity,defectorotherundesirablesituations,topreventrecurrence.

16 CrossFunctionalTeams

Madeupofindividualswhorepresentdifferentdepartmentorfunctionalareasintheorganization.

17 CycleTime Theamountoftimerequiredtocompleteonetransactionofaprocess.

18 Defect Thenonfulfillmentofintendedusagerequirements.Thedepartureorabsenceofoneormorequalitycharacteristicsfromintendedusagerequirements.

19 Dependability Thecollectivetermusedtodescribetheavailabilityofperformanceanditsinfluencingfactors:reliabilityperformance,maintainabilityperformanceandmaintenancesupportperformance.

20 Deviation Writtenauthorizationgrantedpriortothemanufactureofanitem,todepartfromaparticularperformanceordesignrequirementofacontractorspecification,foraspecificnumberofunitsorperiodoftime.

21 Discrepancy Afailuretomeetthespecifiedrequirement,supportedbyevidence.

22 DMAIC ThesixsigmastepsaredescribedasDMAIC:Define,Measure,Analyze,Improve,Control.

23 ExternalCustomer

Anexternalcustomerisnotamemberofanorganizationbutisaffectedbyitspresence.

24 FishboneDiagram

SeeCauseandEffectDiagram

25 FiveS Seiri,Seiton,Seiso,Seiketsu,ShitsukethefiveJapanese"S"wordsforworkplaceorganization.

26 FMEA FailureModeandEffectAnalysis

27 Histogram Frequencycolumngraphsthatdisplayastaticpictureofprocessbehavior.

28 Inspection Theprocessofmeasuring,examining,testing,gagingorotherwisecomparingaunitwithrequirements.

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29 InternalCustomer

Aninternalcustomercanbedefinedasanyoneinthecompanywhoisaffectedbytheproductorserviceasitisbeinggenerated.

30 Inventory Parts,rawmaterials,workinprocessgoods(semifinishedgoods),inventory,supplies,andfinishedgoodsareallformsofinventory.

31 ISO TheInternationalOrganizationofStandardization

32 Kaizen TheKaizenapproach,appliestodoinglittlethingsbetterandsettingandachievingincreasinglyhigherstandards.

33 Organization Acompany,corporation,firm,enterpriseorinstitution,orpartthereof(whetherincorporatedornot,publicorprivate)thathasitsownfunction(s)andadministration.

34 ParetoDiagrams

Theyareveryspecializedformsofcolumngraphs.Theyareusedtoprioritizeproblems(oropportunities)sothatthemajorproblems(oropportunities)canbeidentified.

35 PokaYoke Tomistakeprooftheprocess.

36 PreventiveAction

Anactiontakentoeliminatethecausesofapotentialnonconformity,defectorotherundesirablesituation,topreventoccurrence.

37 Process Asetofinterrelatedresourcesandactivitieswhichtransforminputsintooutputswiththeaimofaddingvalue.

38 Quality Thetotalityoffeaturesandcharacteristicsofaproductorservicethatbearonitsabilitytosatisfythegivenneeds.

39 QualityAssurance

Allthoseplannedorsystematicactionsnecessarytoprovideadequateconfidencethataproductorservicewillsatisfygivenneeds.

40 QualityControl

Theoperationaltechniquesandactivitieswhichsustainaqualityofproductorservicethatwillsatisfygivenneeds;alsotheuseofsuchtechniquesandactivities.

41 QualityImprovement

Theactionstakentoincreasethevaluetothecustomerbyimprovingtheeffectivenessandefficiencyofprocessesandactivitiesthroughouttheorganizationalstructure.

42 QualityManagement

Thetotalityoffunctionsinvolvedinthedeterminationandachievementofquality.

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43 QualityPlanning

Establishinganddevelopingtheobjectivesandrequirementsforqualityandtherequirementsforthequalitysystemapplication.

44 QualityTrilogy QualityPlanning,QualityControlandQualityImprovementthethreequalityprocessesofJuran'sQualityTrilogy.

45 RandomSampling

Theselectionofunitsofasamplesizeninsuchamannerthatallcombinationsofnunitsunderconsiderationhaveanequalchanceofbeingselected.

46 Reengineering Reengineeringisthefundamentalrethinkingandradicalredesignofbusinessprocessestoachievedramaticimprovementsincriticalcontemporarymeasuresofperformance,suchascost,quality,serviceandspeed.

47 Reliability Theprobabilitythatanitemwillperformitsintendedfunctionforaspecifiedintervalunderstatedconditions.

48 SixSigma Abusinessimprovementapproachthatseekstofindandeliminatecausesofmistakesordefectsinbusinessprocessesbyfocusingonoutputsthatareofcriticalimportancetocustomers.

49 System Severalcomponents(orprocesses)integratedtogethertoperformafunction.

50 Team Ateamisagroupofpeopleorganizedtocompleteanactivity,solveaproblemoraccomplishaspecificobjective.

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Problem Solving for Managers Six Sigma Green Belt Lean Six Sigma Green Belt Quality Auditor

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Source:The Quality Improvement Associate Primer 2012 - Wortman, Bill L.

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