Quality Controlof City Gasof City Gas

at Regasification TerminalgShuji YAMAMOTOTOKYO GAS CO., LTDField Operation and Planning Sect.

C t tContents

1. Introduction2 G P d ti P2. Gas Production Process3 Quality Control of City Gas3. Quality Control of City Gas

C t tContents

1.Introduction1 1 Self-introduction1.1. Self introduction1.2. Brief introduction of Tokyo Gas1 3 O tli f 3 LNG T i l1.3. Outline of 3 LNG Terminals

2. Gas Production Process3. Quality Control of City Gas

1 1 S lf i t d ti1.1.Self-introduction

Shuji YAMAMOTO<at 3 LNG Regasification Terminals for 8 years >2003-2004(S) Maintenance of Instruments2005-2007(S) Renewal of Control system (DCS, F&G)2008(O) Construction of Regasification Plant2008(O) Construction of Regasification Plant2009~2010(N) Operation & Planning

(S)：Sodegaura LNG terminal(S)：Sodegaura LNG terminal(O)：Ohgishima LNG terminal(N)：Negishi LNG terminal

1 2 B if i t d ti f T k G1.2.Breif introduction of Tokyo Gas

<Business areas>（1） Regasification supply and sales of city（1） Regasification, supply and sales of city gas（2） Supply and sales of gas appliances（2） Supply and sales of gas appliances（3） Energy services（4） Supply of electricity（4） Supply of electricity

1 2 B if i t d ti f T k G1.2.Breif introduction of Tokyo Gas

<Profile>Established in 1885 (LNG, from 1969)Capitalization 142 billion yen (1.2 billons Euro)Number of employees 15,539Net sales 1 416 billions yen (12 billi E )Net sales 1,416 billions yen (12 billions Euro)Gas sales volume 14 billions m3

Total length of gas pipeline 57,839 kmg g p p ,Number of gas customers 10,637 thousands

1 3 O tli f 3 LNG T i l1.3.Outline of 3 LNG TerminalsHit hi LNG T i l (2015 )Hitachi LNG Terminal (2015~)

Headquarters

Ohgishima LNG TerminalSodegaura LNG Terminal

Negishi LNG Terminal

1 3 O tli f 3 LNG T i l1.3.Outline of 3 LNG TerminalsN i hiNegishi 1st LNG receiving terminal in Japan in 1969

Ohgishima the latest terminal in 3 terminals since 1998.

S dSodegaura one of the largest terminal in the world since 1973

Negishi Ohgishima Sodegaura

1 3 O tli f 3 LNG T i l1.3.Outline of 3 LNG Terminals

Negishi Ohgishima SodegauraNumber of jetties 1 1 3u be o jett es 3Number of tanks 13 3 20

Capacity of tank [Ml] 1155 600 1610Number of Vaporizers 14 10 33Capacity of vaporizers [t/h] 1315 970 3180Number of Employees 135 69 158Number of Vessels ann 78 41 206

Total LNG ann [kt] 3275 2446 4577

C t tContents

1. Introduction2 G P d ti P2. Gas Production Process3 Quality Control of City Gas3. Quality Control of City Gas

2 Gas Production Process2.Gas Production ProcessFlare stacks

Seawater

Power station use

Return gas blowers BOG compressors

LNG pumps

Odorization

LNG pumps

LNG aboveground tanks

Open RackVaporizers City gas useg

Unloading armsy g

LNG inground tanksSubmergedCombustionV i

Gas or Fuel

LPG pumpsLPG tanks

Vaporizers

C t tContents

1. Introduction2 Gas Production Process2. Gas Production Process3. Quality Control of City Gas3 1 P f T k Li3.1. Pressure of Trunk Line3.2. Calorific Value3.3. Odorant

3 Q lit C t l f Cit G3.Quality Control of City Gas

What’s the quality of city gas of Tokyo Gas?

1. Pressure of Trunk Line2 Calorific Value2. Calorific Value3. Odorant

3 1 P f T k Li3.1 Pressure of Trunk LineDemand fluctuationDemand fluctuation

(3 times difference in a day)Small absorberSmall absorber

(30 small gas holders)(no underground storage)(no underground storage)

3000k 3N/h

Demand Fluctuation

Negishi

Ohgishima

SodegauraTerminal

2000

km3N/h

3 timesGas Holder

6 12 18 240

1000

Time

3 1 P C t l3.1 Pressure <Control>Automatic Control

Start/Stop

Pressure ControlNumber of PumpspNumber of Vaporizers

Start/Stop

PTotal F

Start/Stop

Start/StopPressure Control

FV i

p

LNG Pumps

Vaporizers

Orifice flowmeter

3 2 C l ifi V l St d d3.2 Calorific Value <Standard>

Upper limit determined by combustion quality

(due to Gas Business Act)45.0 MJ/m3N

(due to General Supply Provisions)LPG Lower limit determined by combustion quality

(due to Gas Business Act)LPG

Naturalgas 40-45 MJ/m3N

3 2 C l ifi V l C t l3.2 Calorific Value <Control>

Calorific Value ControlFeed Forward ControlFeed Back Control

Feed back controlFeed forward control

Set value

LPG

Set value

= 45MJ/m3N

calcalNatural

gas

F

3 2 C l ifi V l I t t3.2 Calorific Value <Instrument>

Calorimeter for calorific value controlis required “Quick Response”.= Vibration type gas density analyzer

Calorimeter for guarantee of qualityis required “High Accuracy”.

G C= Gas Chromatography

3 2 C l ifi V l I3.2 Calorific Value <Issue>

Vibration type gas density analyzer<Principle>Principle

Proportional relationshipbetween density and calorie of Hydrocarbon

<Issue>Error caused by inert gasError caused by inert gas

(1 % of N2 = 0.65 MJ/m3N error)

<Nitrogen in Boil Off Gas><Nitrogen in Boil Off Gas>Flare stacks

Seawater

Power station use

Return gas blowers BOG compressors

LNG pumps

Odorization

LNG pumps

LNG aboveground tanks

Open RackVaporizers City gas useg

Unloading armsy g

LNG inground tanksSubmergedCombustionV i

Gas or Fuel

Vibration type

A lot of N2 included in BOG

LPG pumpsLPG tanks

Vaporizers Vibration type calorimeter

3 2 C l ifi V l A h3.2 Calorific Value <Approach>

The error caused by N2 can be removed by<Combination of two types of calorimeter>y

Vibration type gas density analyzer

Optical Interferometric calorimeter<Principle>P ti l l ti hiProportional relationshipbetween refractive index and calorie of hydrocarbon

3 2 C l ifi V l A h3.2 Calorific Value <Approach><Principle to remove the error><Principle to remove the error>

MJ/m3N

Vibration type density analyzer

150C4H10 MJ/m3N

Optical Interferometric calorimeter

150C4H10

100

rific

val

ue

C2H6C3H8

100

rific

val

ue

C2H6C3H8

0 5 1 5 20

50

Cal

or

C2H4CH4

N2500 1000 15000

50

Cal

or

C2H4CH4

N210.5 1.5 20

Specific density (air=1)500 1000 15000

Refractive index (n-1)*10E61

Nitrogen looks like to have…65 MJ/m3N in vibration type density analyzer26 MJ/m3N in optical interferomatic calorimeter

3 2 C l ifi V l A h3.2 Calorific Value <Approach>P i i l t th<Principle to remove the error>

2Nvibration kxQQ −= k : 0.65 MJ/m3N by 1% N2

32Nvibration

2Nrecractive xkQQ ′−=k’: 0.26 MJ/m3N by 1% N2

x : contents of N2 [%]

kQQ

QQ vibratonrefractiveti

−−=

kkQQ recractive

′−1

Manufactured by RIKEN KEIKI Co., LTD

3 3 Od t St d d3.3 Odorant <Standard>

OdorantTBM (Tertiary-Butyl Mercaptan )TBM (Tertiary Butyl Mercaptan )CH (CycloHexene)

Upper limit

Standard injection rateStandard injection rate

Lower limit (Gas Business Act)

3 3 Od t C t l3.3 Odorant <Control>Odorant Control

Pump Output Control According to the Natural Gas Flow Rate

(No Feed Back Control)( )

Measurement PointsMass Flow Rate of OdorantMass Flow Rate of OdorantTotal Sulfur in Odorized City Gas

FOdorant

F T-Sulfur

stroke & rpm control

FNatural

gas

Fanalyzer

Plunger pump

3 3 Od t I t t3.3 Odorant <Instruments>

<Measurement Points>Flowmeter of OdorantFlowmeter of Odorant is required to measure “Minute Mass Flow”.= Coriolis flowmeter

Total Sulfur in Odorized City Gasis required to measure total sulfuris required to measure total sulfur= Ultraviolet Fluorescence Method sulfur analyzer

Thank you for your kind attention !Thank you for your kind attention !

Please contact me if you have any questions.Shuji YAMAMOTO

tel : +81-45-751-1415E-mail : shuji@tokyo-gas.co.jp