Quality Assurance with Manual Testing

www.edureka.co/software-testing

View Software Testing course details at www.edureka.co/software-testing

Quality Assurance with Manual Testing

http://www.edureka.co/software-testing


Objectives

At the end of this session, you will be able to:

Software Testing fundamentals

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and different types of models

Test Planning

Test Design

www.edureka.co/software-testingSlide 3

Software Testing

Software Testing is the process of validating and verifying that a software application or product works as expected


Typically involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code requirements, and specifications

This can be done with checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs, and inspection meeting

Verification and Validation

Verification

Validation

Typically involves actual testing and takes place after verifications are completed

Validation and Verification process continue in a cycle till the software becomes defects free


Why Software Testing?

Software developed by human beings is likely to have faults/bugs

Failures can be very expensive

Learn about the reliability of the software

Avoid being sued by customers

To stay in business


What is a “Bug”?

A person makesan error ...

… that creates afault in thesoftware ...

… that can causea failure

in operation

Error - Fault - Failure


Why do Faults Occur in Software?

Wrong Requirements : Erroneous, incomplete, inconsistent requirements.

Design: Fundamental design flaws in the software.

Implementation: Mistakes in chip fabrication, wiring, programming faults, malicious code.

Support Systems: Poor programming languages, faulty compilers and debuggers, misleading development tools.


What do Software Faults Cost?

Huge Loss

Very Large Impact

Inconvenience

Cost of Software Faults


Cost of Software Faults

An F-18 crashed because of a missing exception condition: if ... then ... without the else clause that was thought

could not possibly arise.

In the US, five nuclear power plants were shut down in 1979 because of a program fault in a simulation program

used to design nuclear reactor to withstand earthquakes.

In Washington, 1987, a patient received 8,000-10,000 radiation instead of the prescribed 86 radiation .

The patient died of complications of the radiation overdose.

A software flaw caused a UK bank to duplicate every transfer payment request for half an hour. The bank lost 2

billion British pounds!


Classification of Software Testing

Software Testing can broadly be classified into two categories

Manual Testing

Manual testing includes testing a software

manually

The tester takes over the role of an end-user

and tests the software to identify any

unexpected behavior or bug

There are different stages for manual testing

Automation testing also known as Test

Automation, is when the tester writes scripts

and uses another software to test the product

Automation testing automates the manual

testing process by using some tool like

Selenium

By using Automation testing we can re-run the

test scenarios that were performed manually,

quickly, and repeatedly

Automation Testing


Principles of Testing

Testing shows presence of defects

Exhaustive testing is impossible

Early testing

Defect clustering

Pesticide paradox

Testing is context depending

Absence of errors fallacy


What is Quality?

Quality is defined as meeting the customer’s requirements and according to the standards

The best measure of Quality is given by FURPS

Functionality

Usability

ReliabilityPerformance

Scalability

Best measureof

Quality


Quality Assurance

Quality Assurance is a planned and systematic set of activities necessary to provide confidence that products and services will conform to specified requirements and meet user needs

Process oriented

Defect prevention based

Throughout the life cycle

Management process


Quality Control

Quality control is the process by which product quality is compared with the applicable standards and the action taken when non conformance is detected

Product oriented

Defect detection based


QA Versus QC

QA QC

To make sure that we are doing the right things, the right way

To make sure that the results of what we’ve done are what we expected

Focuses on building in quality and hence preventing defects

Focuses on testing for quality and hence detecting defects

Deals with process Deals with product

For entire life cycle For testing part in SDLC

Preventive process Corrective process


Roles of a Tester

Requirement gathering

Phase

DesignPhase

DevelopmentPhase

Testing Phase

Deployment Phase

SupportPhase

Requirement analysis

Use case analysis and

contribute to test plan

Author/Review test case and

finalize test plan

Test execution and

log defects

Training documentation and

lessons learnt

Test production issues


When to Start Testing?

Testing is done in different forms at every phase of SDLC like

» Requirement gathering phase: The analysis and verifications of requirements also considered as testing

» Design phase: Reviewing the design with intent to improve the design is also considered as testing

» Development phase: Testing performed by a developer on completion of the code is also categorized as Unit type of testing

Requirement gathering

Phase

DesignPhase

DevelopmentPhase

Testing Phase

Deployment Phase

SupportPhase

Phases at which testing is started


When to Stop Testing?

Unlike when to start testing it is difficult to determine when to stop testing, as testing is a never ending processand no one can say that any software is 100% tested

Following are the aspects which should be considered to stop the testing:

» Testing Deadlines

» Completion of test case execution

» Completion of functional and code coverage to a certain point

» Bug rate falls below a certain level and no high priority bugs are identified

» Management decision


Software Life Cycle Models

Waterfall

Model

V

Model

Spiral

Model

Prototype

Model

Incremental

Model

Software Life Cycle Models


Software Life Cycle Phases

Phase-3

Design

Phase-4

Implementation

Phase-6

Evolution

Phase-5

Testing

Phase-1

Planning

Phase-2

Analysis


Test Planning Tasks

To determine the scope and risks

To determine the test approach

To implement the test strategy

To determine the required test resources like people, test environments, PCs, etc.

To schedule test analysis and design tasks, test implementation, execution and evaluation

To determine the Exit criteria we need to set criteria such as Coverage criteria


Test Plan

Test plan is the project plan for the testing work to be done

It is not a test design specification, a collection of test cases or a set of test procedures; in fact, most of our test plans do not address that level of detail

Many people have different definitions for test plans


Purpose of Test Plan

Guides our thinking - forces us to confront the challenges

Means of communication with other members of the project team, testers, peers, managers and other stakeholders

Helps us to manage change


Testing Activities

Functional Requirement

Scenario

Test Cases

Test set

Test Script

Any Statement describing a functionality that is expected of the system

Any condition that could possibly happen in production

Input + Pre-Conditions Post-Conditions + Output

A group of Test similar test cases that require the same steps to be executed

A set of steps (manual/automated) to execute a set of similar test cases


A test case is a set of conditions or variables under which a tester will

determine whether an application, software system or one of its

features satisfies requirements and works correctly

Test Case


Sample Test Case

Test Case Name

TestDescription

Prerequisites Steps InputExpected

ResultActual Result Status Comments

Admin_Login_01

Verify whether Admin can login with valid username and password

Admin shouldhave registered with valid Login ID & Password

1. Gotohtttp://www.abc.com

1.Login ID –admin01

ABC home page should appear

JavaScript error is show

Fail

2. Click on Login link

2. Password –Welcome01

Login Screen should appear

3. Enter Valid loginid and password and Click OK

User accountpage should be opened


Demo


LIVE Online Class

Class Recording in LMS

24/7 Post Class Support

Module Wise Quiz

Project Work

Verifiable Certificate

Course Features


Questions


Course Topics

Module 6

» Test Execution

Module 7

» Defect Management

Module 8

» Reporting & Team Collaboration

Module 9

» Metrics & Measurement

Module 10

» Testing Tools & FAQs

Module 1

» Introduction to Software Testing Life Cycle

Module 2

» Test Planning

Module 3

» Test Design

Module 4

» Test Techniques

Module 5

» Levels & Types Of Testing

Quality Assurance with Manual Testing

Technology

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