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Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative Research mainly uses two types of analysis:

1.Thematic analysis.2.Content analysis.

Qualitative analysis

Thematic coding refers to any method of categorising segments of qualitative data into meaningful themes.

Thematic analysis is more exploratory than content analysis – It aims to “understand” rather than “know” the data.

Data is read thoroughly to look for Themes that arise.

Thematic analysis

How to carryout Thematic analysis

Read each transcripts carefully.

Use margin to note anything interesting or significant. (summarize you comments).

Note any potential themes arising.

Make a list of these themes and look for connections between. Themes will expand, contrast, or change as you analyze more transcripts. - The main aim is to end up with key themes that describe the essence of study.

Pros and Cons of Thematic analysis

• Pros. - Provide meaningful

structure. - Rich and insightful

information

• Cons. - Time consuming - Data supportive

Content analysis

Content analysis: It is a basic analysis which involves counting of

how often an “Instance” occurs this may be in the form of

a) a particular word or phrase, e.g. stress, value

for money b) a semantic (meaning) category, e.g.

reference to an event, object, concept – stress = worry,

strain etc.

Content analysis

Interpretation may be based on:

• frequency of occurrences. (e.g. in different samples, or at different times)

• patterns of co-occurrence. • sequence of occurrences.

• The first stage of content analysis involves defining the coding unit to be coded.- Add ons •It can be either.

-A word-A line of text-A sentence

Selection of coding unit will mainly depend on objectives of the studySelection of coding unit will mainly depend on objectives of the study

How is coding carried out?

Code development normally involves collaborative process of:

• Immersion in data, e.g. repeatedly reading transcripts

• Generating tentative codes

• Applying and developing codes - refining, elaborating, defining, rejecting, splitting

• Testing codes for reliability.

Developing a coding manual

Coding manual helps in

A good coding manual:

a) Serves as a ‘paper-trail’ for verification of the analysis;

b) Makes transparent to the reader the relationship between codes and data;

c) Makes explicit the processes involved in the construction of the analysis, and the presentation of the interpretation.

Coding manual consists

Coding manual should consist of:• label/name for each theme• definition of what theme

concerns/name means• description of how to decide when

theme occurs• qualifications, elaborations and

exclusions

Pros and Cons of Content Analysis

• Pros. - Can check

reliability. - Easy follow up - Helps as a

starting point for quantitative.

• Cons. - Can be

uninteresting - Has been

argued that it is essentially a quantitative approach.

- Does not relate to theory.

Thank you