Qualifications and Competencies Aeronautical Meteorological … · 2014-03-05 · MA.9(b)...

Qualifications and Competencies

Aeronautical Meteorological Briefing

MA.9(b) Qualifications and Competencies Aeronautical Meteorological Briefing

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Published by the Bureau of Meteorology 2014 Cover Photo: Pilot briefing East Sale RAAF Base – Graham de Hoedt

© Commonwealth of Australia 2014 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced without prior written permission from the Bureau of Meteorology. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Publishing Unit, Bureau of Meteorology, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne 3001. Requests for reproduction of material from the Bureau website should be addressed to AMDISS, Bureau of Meteorology, at the same address.


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i

Revision history Date Version Description Authors

28 February 2014 1.0 First Version Michelle Hollister, Sue O’Rourke & John Darnley

Document management register Document File reference MA.9(b) Qualifications and Competencies - Aeronautical Meteorological Briefing

60/001248 - Publications - Aviation - Meteorological Authority Publications

Review Status Reviewer Date Reviewed Version Reviewed Tony Yates (BoM) 30 September 2013 0.4

Nicholas Bright (BoM) 19 August 2013 0.4

Chris Webster (NZ MetService) 7 November 2013 0.5

Graham Rennie (Qantas) 27 September 2013 0.4

John Darnley (BoM) 22 August 2013 0.4

John Crane (Virgin Australia) 6 November 2013 0.5

Michelle Hollister (BoM) 7 November 2013 0.5

Carey Robinson (ADE), Ray Canterford (DDH) 30 January 2014 0.6 Release Signatory Approval Name Signature Date

Director of Meteorology Dr Rob Vertessy

28 February 2014


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ii

Contents ................................................................................................................................. ii 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 2 Aeronautical meteorological briefings ............................................................................ 3

2.1 Objective ............................................................................................................ 3 2.2 Information supplied ........................................................................................... 3 2.3 Means of supply ................................................................................................. 4

3 Qualification and competency requirements .................................................................. 5 3.1 Qualification requirements .................................................................................. 5 3.2 Competency requirements ................................................................................. 5

4 Competency Criteria ...................................................................................................... 7 4.1 Competency Criteria .......................................................................................... 7 4.2 Competency 1: Analyse and Continuously Monitor the Weather Situation ......... 7 4.3 Competency 2: Interpret Aeronautical Meteorological Products ......................... 8 4.4 Competency 3: Ensure the Quality of Meteorological Briefing Products ............. 9 4.5 Competency 4: Communicate Meteorological Information to Internal and

External Users ................................................................................................... 9 5 Maintenance of currency.............................................................................................. 11 6 Competency Assessment ............................................................................................ 12

6.1 Assessment of Competency ............................................................................. 12 6.2 Exemptions ...................................................................................................... 12

7 Glossary ...................................................................................................................... 13 8 References .................................................................................................................. 15 9 Contact details ............................................................................................................. 16

Contents


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Uncontrolled when printed 1

1.1 Annex 3 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention) sets out the relevant international standards and recommended practices (SARPs) pertaining to the provision of the meteorological service for international aviation. 1.2 Annex 3, clause 2.1.1 states that:

‘The objective of meteorological service for international air navigation shall be to contribute towards the safety, regularity and efficiency of international air navigation.’

1.3 Annex 3, clause 2.1.4 requires that:

‘Each Contracting State shall designate the authority, hereinafter referred to as the meteorological authority, to provide or to arrange for the provision of meteorological service for international aviation on its behalf.’

For the purposes of the Chicago Convention the Bureau of Meteorology (Bureau) is the designated Meteorological Authority for Australia. 1.4 Annex 3, clause 2.1.5 states that:

‘Each Contracting State shall ensure that the designated meteorological authority complies with the requirements of the World Meteorological Organization in respect of qualifications and training of meteorological personnel providing service for international air navigation.’

1.5 Qualification and training requirements are defined in the following World Meteorological Organization (WMO) publications:

• WMO-No.49 - Technical Regulations Volume I – General Meteorological Standards and Recommended Practices;

• WMO-No.49 - Technical Regulations Volume II – Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation; and

• WMO-No.1083 - Manual on the Implementation of Education and Training Standards in Meteorology and Hydrology, Volume 1 – Meteorology.

1.6 While Annex 3 pertains to services for international aviation, it also recommends (in the Foreword of Annex 3) that, where possible, standards adopted for international aviation should also be applied to national operations. Australia observes the SARPs as set out on Annex 3 apart from specific Registered Differences.

1 Introduction


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1.7 Annex 3, clause 2.2.2 states that:

‘Each Contracting State shall ensure that the designated meteorological authority …… establishes and implements a properly organized quality system comprising procedures, processes and resources necessary to provide for the quality management of the meteorological information….’

A quality management system (QMS) is required by all organisations providing aviation meteorological briefings and can constitute part of their Safety Management System (SMS).

1.8 This document sets out the policy requirements for individuals and organisations to meet the standards to provide aviation meteorological briefings.


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2.1 Objective 2.1.1 The objective of the aviation meteorological service is to contribute towards the safety, regularity and efficiency of international air navigation. Chapter 9 and Appendix 8 of Annex 3 set out the standards and recommended practices for the delivery of aeronautical meteorological briefing services for operators and flight crew members. 2.1.2 Annex 3, clause 9.2.1 states that:

‘Briefing and/or consultation shall be provided, on request, to flight crew members and/or other flight operations personnel. Its purpose shall be to supply the latest available information on existing and expected meteorological conditions along the route to be flown, at the aerodrome of intended landing, alternate aerodromes and other aerodromes as relevant, either to explain and amplify the information contained in the flight documentation or, if so agreed between the meteorological authority and the operator, in lieu of flight documentation.’

2.2 Information supplied

2.2.1 The structure of the meteorological briefing and the information supplied will be determined by agreement between the service provider and the operators and/or flight crew concerned and include, but not be limited to some or all of the following information (refer Annex 3, clause 9.1.3):

a) Aviation Observations Local routine and special reports and METAR and SPECI for the aerodromes of

departure and intended landing, and for take-off, en-route and destination alternate aerodromes; AIREP; satellite pictures; weather RADAR; observations and reports of volcanic activity; upper air meteorological observations; other applicable observations.

b) Aviation Forecasts Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF); Trend Forecasts (TTF); Aerodrome Weather

Briefings; Code Grey; Ditching Forecasts; Search and Rescue Forecasts; Area Forecasts; Local Area Forecasts; Route Forecasts; Flights Forecasts; Area QNH; SIGWX; World Area Forecast System (WAFS) products, including wind, temperature, icing, turbulence, cumulonimbus forecasts.

c) Aviation Warnings and Advisories

SIGMET; AIRMET; Aerodrome Warnings; Thunderstorm Alert Service; Tropical Cyclone Advisories; Wind Shear Warnings; Marked Temperature Inversion Advice; Volcanic Ash Advisories.

2 Aeronautical meteorological briefings


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2.2.2 Communication systems and procedures must be established to ensure that they are appropriate for the required volume and nature of the meteorological information being generated so that no meteorological information is delayed to the extent that the information becomes out-of-date. The communication systems used shall also ensure that the meteorological information being provided is communicated securely such that the information cannot be interfered with. The form and type of security will be determined by agreement between the parties involved and must meet ICAO standards.

2.3 Means of supply

2.3.1 Meteorological information may be supplied to operators and flight crew members by one or more of the following methods (refer to Annex 3, Appendix 8, paragraph 1.1), as agreed between the meteorological service provider and the operator concerned, and with the order shown below not implying priorities:

a) written or printed material, including specified charts and forms;

b) data in digital form;

c) briefing;

d) consultation;

e) display; or

f) in lieu of a) to e), by means of an automated pre-flight information system providing self-briefing and flight documentation facilities while retaining access by operators and aircrew members to consultation, as necessary, with the meteorological office.


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3.1 Qualification requirements

3.1.1 Organisations providing an aeronautical meteorological briefing service are responsible for ensuring that the qualifications, training, competence and currency of the staff performing the briefings meet WMO standards.

3.1.2 An Aeronautical Meteorological Briefing Officer in Australia must satisfy the qualification criteria required of a WMO meteorologist. WMO-No.1083, Manual on the Implementation of Education and Training Standards in Meteorology and Hydrology, Volume I – Meteorology defines the WMO requirements for training and qualification as a Meteorologist.

3.1.3 The Education and Training program of WMO defines meteorological personnel in WMO-No.1083 and WMO 49 Volume I as:

Meteorologist - a person who has successfully completed the Basic Instruction Package for Meteorologists (BIP-M) requirements at university-degree level

WMO-No.1083 and WMO 49 shall be used as the reference for guidelines in construction of the training requirements for Meteorologists.

3.1.4 The Bureau of Meteorology Training Centre (BMTC) delivers an accredited Graduate Diploma in Meteorology (defined by WMO No. 1083 as BIP-M) that includes aeronautical meteorology. Upon successful completion of the BIP-M Meteorologists are issued with a Graduate Diploma of Meteorology.

3.1.5 A number of institutions globally deliver courses resulting in WMO meteorologist qualifications being awarded. Provided that these institutions are shown to adhere to the WMO requirements for a BIP-M, their qualifications are appropriate for the purpose of an Aeronautical Meteorological Briefing Officer.

3.2 Competency requirements

3.2.1 In addition to the qualifications set out in 3.1, a practising Aeronautical Meteorological Briefing Officer is required to prove competency appropriate to their specific role. These competencies define the characteristics that should be displayed on shift and demonstrate not only that a briefer can apply the knowledge required, but also that the knowledge has been adapted to the area of responsibility and the task at hand. 3.2.2 Additional to this, job competencies also demonstrate whether the briefing officer has understood the special requirements of the area of operations, and can interpret which elements of the job competencies are of high and which are of lower importance. The competencies that should be demonstrated by all Aeronautical Meteorological Briefing Officers are listed in Section 4.

3 Qualification and competency requirements


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3.2.3 Time taken to achieve the required qualification and competence will depend on prior meteorological training and experience of the individual and the scope of the briefing office tasking. It is expected that during on the job experience, the trainee should be exposed to both hazardous and non-hazardous weather conditions and contingency processes.


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4.1 Competency Criteria

The competency criteria for Aeronautical Meteorological Briefing Officers have been adapted from the WMO Aeronautical Meteorological Personnel Competency Standards.

An Aeronautical Meteorological Briefing Officer:

A. For the area and airspace of responsibility,

B. In consideration of the impact of meteorological phenomena and parameters on aviation operations, and

C. In compliance with aviation user requirements, international regulations, local procedures and priorities,

shall, in taking into account conditions A to C, have successfully completed the BIP-M and shall be able to demonstrate competency to the following:

1. Analyse and continuously monitor the weather situation;

2. Interpret aeronautical meteorological phenomena and parameters;

3. Ensure the quality of meteorological briefing products;

4. Communicate meteorological information to internal and external users.

4.2 Competency 1: Analyse and Continuously Monitor the Weather Situation

Competency description Observations and forecasts of weather parameters and significant weather phenomena are continuously monitored.

Performance criteria • Analyse and diagnose the weather situation as required. Note that ‘analysis’ may

be defined as answering the question ‘what is happening?’, and ‘diagnosis’ as answering ‘why is it happening?’.

• Monitor weather parameters and evolving significant weather phenomena and validate these against current forecasts and warnings based on these parameters.

• Appraise the need for amendments to forecasts and updates of warnings against documented criteria and thresholds and notify the relevant meteorological office of any divergence between observed and forecast conditions.

4 Competency Criteria


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4.3 Competency 2: Interpret Aeronautical Meteorological Products

Competency description Meteorological observations, forecasts, warnings and advice are interpreted in accordance with documented requirements, priorities and deadlines.

Performance criteria Interpret and synthesise observations, forecasts, warnings and advice, including spatial extent, onset/cessation, duration, and intensity and its temporal variations for, but not limited to, the following phenomena and parameters:

• temperature and humidity; • wind including temporal and spatial variability (wind-shear, directional variability

and gusts); • QNH; • cloud (types, amounts, height of base and vertical extent); • precipitation (intensity and temporal variations, onset/cessation and/or duration,

amount and types), and associated visibilities; • fog or mist, including onset/cessation and/or duration, and associated reduced

visibilities; • other types of obscuration, including dust, smoke, haze, sand-storms, dust-

storms, blowing snow, and associated visibilities; • thunderstorms, particularly organized systems, including associated turbulence,

in-flight icing, hail, heavy precipitation with poor visibility, electrical phenomena, down-burst/microburst or gust front, tornadic activity;

• turbulence (moderate or greater), including type (orographic, mechanical, convective and clear air turbulence);

• moderate and severe low-level wind shear; • aircraft icing (moderate or greater), including accumulation rate, spatial extent,

type (rime or opaque, glaze or clear, freezing rain, hoar frost, mixed ice); • hazardous phenomena affecting aerodromes such as: strong surface winds

including cross-winds and squalls, frost, freezing precipitation, snowfall, lightning, wake vortices;

• tsunami; • space weather products; • radioactive material release into the atmosphere; • volcanic ash; and • tropical cyclones.


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4.4 Competency 3: Ensure the Quality of Meteorological Briefing Products

Competency description The quality of meteorological briefing products is ensured at the required level by the application of documented quality management processes.

Performance criteria • Apply the organisation’s quality management system and procedures.

• Validate aeronautical meteorological briefing products (timeliness, completeness, accuracy).

• Monitor the functioning of operational systems and take remedial actions when necessary.

4.5 Competency 4: Communicate Meteorological Information to Internal and External Users

Competency description User requirements are fully addressed by communicating concise and complete observations, forecasts, warnings and advice in a manner that can be clearly understood by the users.

Performance criteria • Ensure that all observations, forecasts, warnings and advice are disseminated

through the authorised communication means and channels to designated user groups.

• Explain aeronautical meteorological data and information, deliver weather briefings and provide consultation to meet specific user needs.

Note: Verbal communication in the English language shall be at the ICAO Operational Level (Level 4) or above as defined by ICAO Annex 1, Appendix 1 and Attachment A, and reproduced in part in Table 1 below.


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INTE

RA

CTI

ON

S

Inte

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ap

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PRO

NU

NC

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ON

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d/or

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nunc

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n,

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nd

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natio

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alm

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ever

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terfe

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rely

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se o

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nly

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es

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with

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ng.

LEVE

L

Expe

rt

6

Exte

nded

5

Ope

ratio

nal

4

Table 1: ICAO Language Proficiency Rating Scale (reproduced in part from ICAO Annex 1)


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5.1 Organisations providing specialist meteorological briefing services shall ensure that all staff providing aeronautical meteorological briefings maintain their competence. Responsibility for maintaining currency of briefing skills rests with both the service provider and the staff employed to provide briefings. The process of continuing competence shall be documented and these documents made available for audit purposes if required.

5.2 Records of briefing information provided by Aeronautical Meteorological Briefing Officers include: the maintenance of a daily log, either electronically or on paper; a product archive containing information disseminated electronically or in hardcopy; and, where practical, the logging of telephone conversations. Records must be kept for a period of three (3) years generally, or indefinitely in the case of information pertaining to an accident or incident as they may be required for audit purposes and/or to assist in any incident or accident investigation. They may also be used as an aid for organisations to keep track of staff currency and briefing skills.

5.3 Aeronautical Meteorological Briefing Officers shall maintain currency of practice by carrying out briefings operationally, and completing competency assessment preferably every 3 years, but at a minimum of every 5 years, and by demonstrating proficiency to an approved assessor as per the competency standards in Section 4.

5.4 Should a briefing officer be removed from the operational roster for a period of 3 months, then that officer requires a dual shift with a competent briefing officer to update themselves with any changes to practices or procedures before becoming operational again. Should any non-operational period extend beyond 6 months, the officer is required to have one non-operational shift for checking policy/procedure changes; to dual with a competent briefing officer for two shifts; and successfully complete a workplace observation assessment prior to returning to operational rosters.

5.5 In addition, following any changes to aviation meteorological standards or practices, organisations shall ensure that all Aeronautical Meteorological Briefing Officers are aware of the changes, organise additional necessary training and ensure that the changes are implemented accordingly and proved competent on the changes.

5.6 Should any Aeronautical Meteorological Briefing Officer not successfully prove competence, they will need to stand down from operational duties and be re-trained until competency is achieved.

5.7 An audit by the Meteorological Authority of organisations providing aviation meteorological services will be undertaken every three (3) years as part of the Annex 3 compliance audit, or more often if required.

5 Maintenance of currency


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6.1 Assessment of Competency

6.1.1 Competency assessment should be carried out by an approved assessor who is deemed competent in the area he/she is assessing and has, as a minimum qualification, a Certificate IV in Training and Assessment. This qualification is delivered by a number of Registered Training Organisations and covers seven core units and three elective units.

6.1.2 Appropriate assessment regimes may include a number of assessment methods including, but not restricted to, direct workplace observation, knowledge tests, simulation of the work environment, role play, case study development, portfolio development and assignments. Organisations should ensure that skills are tested by more than one methodology.

6.2 Exemptions

6.2.1 Personnel who are directly involved in the training and assessment of Aeronautical Meteorological Briefing Officers and the creation of relevant training handbooks and material, shall be qualified Meteorologists with a Certificate IV in Training and Assessment and have experience in aeronautical meteorological briefing. These officers are exempt from the requirements outlined in Section 4 and 6.1, as long as they continue in these duties.

6 Competency Assessment


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Term Description Aerodrome A defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations and

equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft.

Area Forecast An area forecast in abbreviated plain language for low-level flights for a flight information region or sub-area thereof, prepared by the meteorological office designated by the meteorological authority concerned and exchanged with meteorological offices in adjacent flight information regions, as agreed between the meteorological authorities.

AIRMET Information concerning the occurrence or expected occurrence of specified en-route weather phenomena, which may affect the safety of low-level aircraft operations and which was not already included in the forecast issued for low-level flights in the flight information region concerned or sub-area thereof.

AIREP Air Report. Annex 3 Annex 3 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation – Meteorological

Service for International Air Navigation. Aeronautical meteorological briefing

Oral or written commentary on existing and/or expected meteorological conditions.

Aeronautical Meteorological Briefing Officer

A person delivering aeronautical meteorological briefings.

Aviation meteorological service provider

Company or organisation providing an Aviation Meteorological Service.

BIP-M Basic Instruction Package for Meteorologists. Bureau Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Dual shift An operational shift under the direct supervision of a competent Aeronautical

Meteorological Briefing Officer. Flight documentation Written or printed documents, including charts or forms containing

meteorological information for a flight. Forecast A statement of expected meteorological conditions for a specified time or period,

and for a specified area or portion of airspace. ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization. METAR Routine Meteorological Aerodrome Report. Meteorological Authority (MA)

The authority providing or arranging for the provision of meteorological service for international air navigation on behalf of a Contracting State. In Australia, the Meteorological Authority is the Bureau of Meteorology.

Meteorological office An office designated to provide meteorological service for international air navigation.

Meteorologist

A person who holds a university-level degree, or equivalent; has acquired an appropriate level of knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry and computer science; and has completed the Basic Instruction Package for Meteorologists (BIP-M).

QMS A quality management system (QMS) is a set of interrelated or interacting elements that organisations use to direct and control how quality policies are

7 Glossary


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implemented and quality objectives are achieved. SARPs Standards and recommended practices as defined in the Annexes to the

Convention on International Civil Aviation. SIGMET Information concerning the occurrence or expected occurrence of specified en-

route weather phenomena, which may affect the safety of aircraft operations. SIGWX Forecast of significant weather phenomena. SMS Safety Management System. SPECI Special Meteorological Aerodrome Report. TAF Aerodrome Forecast. Trend Forecast In Australia a Trend Forecast takes the form of a TTF. WMO World Meteorological Organization.


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ICAO Annex 1. Annex 1 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation – Personnel Licensing.

ICAO Annex 3. Annex 3 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation – Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation.

Manual of Aviation Meteorology, Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology ISBN 978-0-9578991-7-9.

WMO-No.49. Technical Regulations:

• Vol I – General Meteorological Standards and Recommended Practices;

• Vol II – Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation;

• Vol IV – Quality Management.

WMO-NO.1083: Manual on the Implementation of Education and Training Standards in Meteorology and Hydrology, Volume 1 – Meteorology.

WMO Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM) Reference Material:

• Aeronautical Meteorological Personnel Competency Standards;

• Implementation Guidance for Aeronautical Meteorological Forecaster Competency Standards

• http://www.caem.wmo.int/moodle/

8 References

http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/ISS/Meetings/CT-MTDCF-ET-DRC_Geneva2008/Annex3_16ed.pdf

http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/ISS/Meetings/CT-MTDCF-ET-DRC_Geneva2008/Annex3_16ed.pdf

http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/WIS/Publications/49%20(Technical%20Regulations)/49%20-%20Volume%20I/49_I_E.pdf

http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/dra/etrp/documents/1083_Manual_on_ETS_en.pdf


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Policy enquiries Meteorological Authority Office

Strategy, Parliamentary, International and Communication Branch

Bureau of Meteorology

GPO Box 1289

MELBOURNE VIC 3001

Phone: +61 3 9669 4662

Email: [email protected]

Training enquiries Aviation Skills Management Team

Bureau of Meteorology Training Centre

Bureau of Meteorology

GPO Box 1289

MELBOURNE VIC 3001

Phone: +61 3 6221 2067

Email: [email protected]

9 Contact details

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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