QOTD After the Civil War, the Freedmen's Bureau was set up primarily to help which group of people?...
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Transcript of QOTD After the Civil War, the Freedmen's Bureau was set up primarily to help which group of people?...
QOTDQOTD
After the Civil War, the Freedmen's After the Civil War, the Freedmen's Bureau was set up primarily to help which Bureau was set up primarily to help which group of people?group of people?a) former slaves.a) former slaves.
b) former Confederate soldiers.b) former Confederate soldiers.
c) immigrants.c) immigrants.
d) northern factory workers.d) northern factory workers.
QOTDQOTD
After the Civil War, the Freedmen's After the Civil War, the Freedmen's Bureau was set up primarily to help which Bureau was set up primarily to help which group of people?group of people?a) former slaves.a) former slaves.
Today’s StandardToday’s Standard
SSUSH 11SSUSH 11Explain the impact of railroads on other Explain the impact of railroads on other
industries; Thomas Edison’s inventionsindustries; Thomas Edison’s inventions
The Age of InventionThe Age of Invention
1860 - 18901860 - 1890
Industry ExplodesIndustry Explodes
After the Civil War, After the Civil War, industry risesindustry rises
1) 1860 – 1890 – is 1) 1860 – 1890 – is known as the Second known as the Second Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution
Patents – exclusive rights Patents – exclusive rights to inventors to make and to inventors to make and sell somethingsell something
2) New ideas and 2) New ideas and inventionsinventions began to began to spreadspread
Bessemer Steel ProcessBessemer Steel Process 1) Steel1) Steel Created from coal and Created from coal and ironiron 2) Henry Bessemer2) Henry Bessemer Created the Bessemer Process in Created the Bessemer Process in
18501850 Injecting air in molten iron, Injecting air in molten iron,
removing the carbon, and forming removing the carbon, and forming steelsteel
Steel was lighter, flexible and Steel was lighter, flexible and rust-resistantrust-resistant
3) Steel production skyrockets3) Steel production skyrockets 15,000 tons in the 1860s to 15,000 tons in the 1860s to 28 28
million million by 1910by 1910 4) 4) RailroadRailroad industry was most industry was most
impactedimpacted skyscrapersskyscrapers
Henry BessemerHenry Bessemer
Railroads (RR)Railroads (RR) 1) The growth of the steel 1) The growth of the steel
industry sparked a industry sparked a massive massive networknetwork of RRs of RRs being built across the being built across the United StatesUnited States
2) 1869 – The first 2) 1869 – The first transcontinental railroadtranscontinental railroad connects the eastern and connects the eastern and western United Stateswestern United States
3) 3) CitiesCities and and townstowns grew grew along RR linesalong RR lines
U.S. U.S. population population multipliedmultiplied
CommunicationsCommunications
1) Telegraph1) Telegraph Samuel MorseSamuel Morse 18371837 2) Used 2) Used Morse CodeMorse Code A series of dots and A series of dots and
dashes representing dashes representing lettersletters
CommunicationsCommunications
18761876 TelephoneTelephone 3) Alexander 3) Alexander
Graham BellGraham Bell Eventually is installed Eventually is installed
in homes and offices in homes and offices across the countryacross the country
Thomas EdisonThomas Edison 1) Thomas Edison1) Thomas Edison America’s greatest inventorAmerica’s greatest inventor Born in Ohio in 1847Born in Ohio in 1847 Established world’s first research Established world’s first research
lab in 1876lab in 1876 Menlo Park, NJMenlo Park, NJ Inventions:Inventions: A) Light bulbA) Light bulb B) Phonograph – recorded B) Phonograph – recorded
soundssounds C) Kinetograph – we call them C) Kinetograph – we call them
video cameras todayvideo cameras today 3) First electrical power plant in3) First electrical power plant in
New York CityNew York City in 1882 in 1882
Edison Light BulbEdison Light Bulb
Edison PhonographEdison Phonograph
Motion PicturesMotion Pictures
The Age of RailroadsThe Age of Railroads
Building the United States Building the United States InfrastructureInfrastructure
1856 - 18931856 - 1893
Railroads ImproveRailroads Improve
1850 – Steam-powered 1850 – Steam-powered ships were the main form ships were the main form of American transportationof American transportation
As the years progressed As the years progressed things began to changethings began to change
Better designed trains and Better designed trains and trackstracks
Construction of new rail Construction of new rail lineslines
Railroads were becoming Railroads were becoming more popularmore popular
The Transcontinental RailroadThe Transcontinental Railroad
By 1856, RR had extended By 1856, RR had extended from the East Coast to the from the East Coast to the Mississippi RiverMississippi River
By 1859, RR crossed the By 1859, RR crossed the Missouri RiverMissouri River
May 10, 1869 – The May 10, 1869 – The Central Pacific and the Central Pacific and the Union Pacific RR meetUnion Pacific RR meet
The first transcontinental The first transcontinental railroad is builtrailroad is built
Coast to coast RR in the Coast to coast RR in the United StatesUnited States
The Golden SpikeThe Golden Spike
The Transcontinental RRThe Transcontinental RR
Working on the RailroadWorking on the Railroad Three main groups of Three main groups of
people worked on the RRpeople worked on the RR Chinese immigrants – the Chinese immigrants – the
main groupmain group Irish immigrantsIrish immigrants Civil War veteransCivil War veterans Working conditions were Working conditions were
brutalbrutal AccidentsAccidents PneumoniaPneumonia 1888 – 2,000 employees 1888 – 2,000 employees
killed; 20,000 injuredkilled; 20,000 injured Pay was also poorPay was also poor
Big BusinessBig Business
The Emergence of Entrepreneurs The Emergence of Entrepreneurs in the in the
Age of IndustryAge of Industry1873 - 18901873 - 1890
Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie Born in ScotlandBorn in Scotland 18351835 Grew up poorGrew up poor Started working at a Started working at a
cotton mill at age 13cotton mill at age 13 12 hour days12 hour days Saw the Bessemer Saw the Bessemer
Process in actionProcess in action Got in the steel businessGot in the steel business Age 28 – Carnegie Age 28 – Carnegie
begins to work his way up begins to work his way up in the steel industryin the steel industry
US SteelUS Steel Carnegie starts his own Carnegie starts his own
businessbusiness Carnegie Steel (US Steel)Carnegie Steel (US Steel) By 1899, US Steel manufactured By 1899, US Steel manufactured
more steel alone than all the more steel alone than all the steel factories of Great Britainsteel factories of Great Britain
Carnegie was a great managerCarnegie was a great manager Always tried to find ways to Always tried to find ways to
make better steel cheaplymake better steel cheaply Tried to find ways to improve Tried to find ways to improve
steelsteel Established a good accounting Established a good accounting
system to monitor spending system to monitor spending and costsand costs
Hired the best assistantsHired the best assistants
Carnegie’s Carnegie’s Business StrategyBusiness Strategy
Vertical integrationVertical integration When a company buys When a company buys
out all its suppliersout all its suppliers Controlling every level of Controlling every level of
manufacturingmanufacturing Carnegie bought coal and Carnegie bought coal and
iron mines, ore freighters, iron mines, ore freighters, and railroad linesand railroad lines
He had total power over He had total power over the quality and cost of his the quality and cost of his productproduct
John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller Owner of Standard Oil Owner of Standard Oil
CompanyCompany Eliminated his Eliminated his
competitioncompetition Set up a monopolySet up a monopoly Complete control of a Complete control of a
particular industryparticular industry Merged with other Merged with other
companies that companies that manufactured oilmanufactured oil
Horizontal consolidationHorizontal consolidation
Criticism and RegulationCriticism and Regulation The ruthless tactics of these businessmen was often The ruthless tactics of these businessmen was often
criticizedcriticized Critics believed they were limiting free tradeCritics believed they were limiting free trade Guys like Carnegie and Rockefeller defended their Guys like Carnegie and Rockefeller defended their
wealth with philanthropywealth with philanthropy Philanthropy – giving money away to charitiesPhilanthropy – giving money away to charities Carnegie gave 90% of his wealth away during his Carnegie gave 90% of his wealth away during his
lifetimelifetime Congress eventually regulates big businessCongress eventually regulates big business Sherman Antitrust ActSherman Antitrust Act Made trusts illegalMade trusts illegal