Cause and effect diagram

Submitted By,

Beenu Virmani

Shivi Verma

COLLEGE: Banasthali University

Email-Id: beenuiitian@gmail.com

This is a problem solving technique by mapping of possible cause and its effect. This diagram is also known as Ishikawa diagram and/or Fishbone diagram. Originally it was developed by Dr. Ishikawa and the diagram looks like a fish bone. A brainstorming tool to aid in identification of probable root causes.•Use when the problem being analyzed is complex.•Cause and Effect Diagrams are similar to another tool -an indented outline.•The graphical presentation of the Cause and Effect diagram aids in the brainstorming process through visualization.•Graphical presentation becomes difficult with an indented outline, when the problem being analyzed is complex.

•If data is available, it can be added to the diagram as an aid to focus on a particular area.

•Remember that the purpose of the diagram is to identify possible root causes

•Each probable root cause must then be tested to confirm if it is a root cause that needs to be eliminated or minimized.

Identify and clearly define the effect (or performance gap) to be analyzed. Identify the main causes contributing to the effect. For each main cause, identify other specific factors which are

likely causes. There are the sub branches Identify more detailed levels of causes using the 5Whys Technique Consider which root causes are most likely to merit further investigation. Identify by circling in red.

•For each node, think what could be its causes. Add them to the diagram.

•Pursue each line of causality back to its root cause.

•Consider grafting relatively empty branches onto others.

•Consider splitting up overcrowded branches.

•Consider which root causes are most likely to merit further investigation. Identify by circling in red.

Introduction to cause and effect diagram

Construction tips

Steps

Getting started

Poor personality of studentsLack of accuracy in students

Role of college administration Poor strategies and policies of companies

Placement culture

Lack of confidence

Lack of art of expressing the views

Lack of skills

Lack of communication skills

Learning disabilities in students

Poor English speaking

Poor placement of

Poor preparation by students

Less understanding of process

Use of single measure of placement

Very less support shown by management

Arrogance of administratio

Administration unaware about the student opinion

No feedback process

Low cut-off of

Different placement standard for different companies

Leads to negative mind set of students

Higher expectation but less preparation

Creates confusion and frustration

Teams does not attend grievances of students

Demands for 2-3 years of bonding

Low salary

More wieghtage given on CGPA

Bad PPO

Changing strategies of companies

Leads to less learning

More mugging

Student do not know what exact job profile is company offering

Written test not during the

Placement season starts too

8% rules makes companies afraid to hire more students

Scheduling of companies in campus

No proper support from placement officials

Insecurity of

Cause effect diagram related to poor placements

1. Poor personality of studentsIt is one of the root causes that students are poorly placed in the companies. Due to student’s lack of confidence he has nervousness throughout while being interviewed which does not leave a good impression. His lack of communication skills deprive him of expressing his views and show his knowledge. If he does not have proper knowledge about his field then it becomes worthless situation for the interview.

2. Poor strategies and policiesInefficient procedures that the companies deal with also forms a part in poor placement of students. Their methods are relatively ineffective relative to low salaries offered and the company bonds that have to be signed after placement. High CGPA criteria does not allow the deserving candidates to sit in the interview where there is no lack of knowledge but the circumstance that they would have faced during exams which resulted in low CGPA.

3. Placement cultureThe difficulty in knowing the placement criteria of a company fails students to analyse the transparency regarding the placements. This is another major cause. The support from the placement cell officials is not proper which also degrades the placements. The inadequate reasons like job insecurity and the problems regarding placement season starting late is also one of the root causes.

Aligning standards of college readiness with expectations of company-level coursework. Although review sessions may improve student performance on the placement exam, the exam itself may remain a poor placement instrument if the skills and knowledge required to clear the exam are misaligned with the foundations required for success in companies.

Flexibility in program entry standards. Many institutions in our sample acknowledged that different academic and professional pathways require different levels of academic preparation.

Assessing multiple measures related to college success. Even if a student prepares for the placement exam, and the placement exam and standards are aligned with the student’s program of study, the exam’s placement accuracy may still be limited by the fact that college readiness is a function of academic and non-academic factors.

Identification of three root causes

Recommendations

When you have a serious problem, it's important to explore all of the things that could cause it, before you start to think about a solution. That way you can solve the problem completely, first time round, rather than just addressing part of it and having the problem run on and on. Cause and Effect Analysis gives you a useful way of doing this. This diagram-based technique, which combines Brainstorming with a type of Mind Map , pushes you to consider all possible causes of a problem, rather than just the ones that are most obvious.

The technique uses a diagram-based approach for thinking through all of the possible causes of a problem. This helps you to carry out a thorough analysis of the situation. There are four steps to using the tool.

Identify the problem.

Work out the major factors involved.

Identify possible causes.

Analyze your diagram.

We find this method is particularly useful when you're trying to solve complicated problems.

Lessons learned by the team