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Transcript of Qc
Quality Circle
SAIKAT GHOSHSR MGR(TQM)
Quality Circle
• A Quality Circle is a volunteer group composed of workers (or even students)
• usually under the leadership of their supervisor (but they can elect a team leader)
• who are trained to identify, analyse and solve work-related problems
• and present their solutions to management • in order to improve the performance of the
organization• and motivate and enrich the work of
employees
• When matured, true quality circles become self-managing, having gained the confidence of management
• . Quality circles are an alternative to the dehumanising concept of the Division of Labour, where workers or individuals are treated like robots
• They bring back the concept of Craftsmanship, which when operated on an individual basis is uneconomic
• but when used in group form (as is the case with Quality Circles), it can be devastatingly powerful
• and enables the enrichment of the lives of the workers or students and creates harmony and high performance in the workplace
• Their name Quality Circles received from PDSA circles of Dr. W.Edward Deming. Quality circles were first established in Japan in 1962
• Kaoru Ishikawa has been credited with their creation. The movement in Japan was coordinated by the Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE).
• The first circles were established at the Nippon Wireless and Telegraph Company but then spread to more than 32 other companies in the first year
• By 1978 it was claimed that there were more than one million Quality Circles involving some 10 million Japanese workers
CONTOL CHART
• The control chart, also known as the Shewhart chart or process-behaviour chart
• in statistical process control is a tool used to determine whether a manufacturing or business process is in a state of statistical control or not.
The control chart
• is one of the seven basic tools of quality control along with
• the histogram
• Pareto chart, check sheet
• cause-and-effect diagram
• flowchart
• scatter diagram).
The control chart
• was invented by Walter A. Shewhart
• while working for Bell Labs in the 1920s
HISTOGRAM
• In statistics, a histogram is a graphical display of tabulated frequencies
• shown as bars
• It shows what proportion of cases fall into each of several categories
• it is a form of data binning.
Histograms
• are used to plot density of data• and often for density estimation
estimating the probability density function of the underlying variable
• The total area of a histogram always equals 1
• If the length of the intervals on the x-axis are all 1, then a histogram is identical to a relative frequency plot.
FISH-BONE DIAGRAM
• Ishikawa diagrams • also called fishbone diagrams • or cause-and-effect diagrams• are diagrams that show the causes of a certain
event.• Common uses of the Ishikawa diagram are
product design and quality defect prevention• to identify potential factors causing an overall
effect.
Ishikawa diagrams
• Ishikawa diagrams were proposed by Kaoru Ishikawa[1] in the 1960s
• who pioneered quality management processes in the Kawasaki shipyards
• and in the process became one of the founding fathers of modern management.
fishbone diagram
• It was first used in the 1960s, and is considered one of the seven basic tools of quality management
• along with the histogram• Pareto chart• check sheet• control chart• flowchart• and scatter diagram• It is known as a fishbone diagram because of
its shape, similar to the side view of a fish skeleton.
The original 4 M's
• Machine (Equipment)
• Method (Process/Inspection)
• Material (Raw,Consumables etc.)
• Man
More categories
• Mother Nature (Environment) • Man Power (physical work) • Mind Power (Brain Work): Kaizens, Suggestions • Measurement (Inspection) • Maintenance • Money Power
• Management
The 8 P's (Used In Service Industry)
• People • Process • Policies • Procedures • Price • Promotion • Place/Plant
• Product
The 4 S's (Used In Service Industry)
• Surroundings
• Suppliers
• Systems
• Skills
Pareto chart
• A Pareto chart is a type of chart which contains both bars and a line graph
• The bars display the values in descending order
• and the line graph shows the cumulative totals of each category, left to right.
• The chart was named for Vilfredo Pareto.
A simple flowchart
• A flowchart is a common type of chart, that represents an algorithm or process
• showing the steps as boxes of various kinds
• and their order by connecting these with arrows.
• Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or program in various fields.[1]
flow process chart
• The first structured method for documenting process flow, the "flow process chart", was introduced by Frank Gilbreth
• to members of ASME in 1921 as the presentation “Process Charts
• First Steps in Finding the One Best Way. Gilbreth's tools quickly found their way into industrial engineering curricula.
flow process chart
• In the early 1930s, an industrial engineer, Allan H. Mogensen began training business people
• in the use of some of the tools of industrial engineering
• at his Work Simplification Conferences in Lake Placid, New York.
flow process chart
• Douglas Hartree explains that Herman Goldstine and John von Neumann
• developed the flow chart (originally, diagram) to plan computer programs.[
• 2] His contemporary account is endorsed by IBM engineers[3] and by Goldstine's personal recollections.[4]
TYPES
• [9] More recently Mark A. Fryman (2001) stated that there are more differences
• . Decision flowcharts• logic flowcharts• systems flowcharts• product flowcharts• and process flowcharts• are "just a few of the different types of
flowcharts that are used in business and government.[10]
scatter plot
• A scatter plot is a type of display using Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data.
• The data is displayed as a collection of points• each having the value of one variable
determining the position on the horizontal axis
• and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis
• [2] A scatter plot is also called a scatter chart, scatter diagram and scatter graph.