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Dr. RAJENDRANS INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL EDUCATION

CVS - ANATOMY (45 MCQs)

1) What is the weight of the heart in grams?

a. 100 to 200

b. 250 to 300 T [ The heart weighs about

300grams in males and about 250grams in females. Cardiac weight is 0.45% of

body weight in males and 0.40% in females. Adult weight is achieved between

17 and 20 years of age.]

c. 350 to 400

d. 500

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2) The heart is situated in the

a. Anterior mediastinum

b. Middle mediastinum T [ The heart is in the middle

mediastinum between the lungs (See figures above and below). It is placed

obliquely. About one-third of the heart lies to the right of the midline. The heart

rotates 45 degrees during development. Therefore, two thirds of RA and RV

face anteriorly. Two thirds of LV and most of LA face posteriorly.]

c. Posterior mediastinum

d. Posterior and superior mediastinum

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3) Sternocostal surface of the heart is formed mainly by the

a. RV T [ The sternocostal surface of the

heart is formed mainly by the RV and RA (see figures above and below). The

heart rotates 45 degrees during development. Two thirds of RA and RV face

anteriorly. Sternocostal surface of the heart has an atrial area and ventricular

area. Two-thirds of the ventricular region is made up by the right ventricle. One-third of the ventricular region is made up by the left ventricle. The sternocostal

surface (i.e., mainly the RV) is behind the body of the sternum and the third to

the sixth costal cartilages. Sternocostal surface of the heart is mostly behind

the left costal cartilages than behind the right costal cartilages. Thus, right

ventricular activity can be evaluated by palpating the lower left parasternal

area. The pleural membranes and the thin, anterior edges of the lungs cover

sternocostal surface. So, when the lungs are hyperinflated and overlapping the

heart, it may be difficult to evaluate RV activity.]

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b. RA [ Sternocostal surface of the heart

has an atrial area and ventricular area. The atrial area is above and to the right.

The ventricular part is below and to the left of the atrioventricular groove. The

atrial area is occupied by the right atrium.]

c. LA [ LA lies behind the RA. The left

atrium is hidden by the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. Only a small part

of the left appendage projects forwards to the left of the pulmonary trunk and

forms part of the left heart border in an X-ray chest.]

d. LV [ Two thirds of LV and most of LA

face posteriorly. Sternocostal surface of the heart has an atrial area and

ventricular area. Two-thirds of the ventricular region is made up by the right

ventricle. One-third of the ventricular region is made up by the left ventricle.]

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4) Anterior surface of the heart is not formed by

a. RA

b. LA T [ LA is the most posterior

chamber of the heart. LA lies behind the RA. The left atrium is hidden by the

ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. See figure below.]

c. RV

d. LV

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5) Base is formed mainly by the

a. RA

b. LA T [ Base is formed mainly

by the LA and partly by the RA (See figures above and below). Clinically, base

is the upper border of the heart, where great vessels are attached. Because of

the oblique position of the heart, the base faces posteriorly and to the right.

The apex faces anteriorly and to the left.]

c. LV

d. RV

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6) The largest part of the anterior surface of the heart is

a. Right heart T [ The right heart forms the

largest part of the anterior surface. The right ventricle forms most of the

anterior aspect of the ventricular mass. Most of the left heart is posterior. It is

covered in front by the right heart. See figure below.]

b. Left heart

c. Aorta

d. Aorta and pulmonary vessels

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7) Most of the base of the heart is made up of

a. Right atrium

b. Left atrium T [ Most of the base of the heart is

made up of the left atrium. The right atrium is to the right, anterior, and inferior

to the left atrium. The base of the heart is formed only partly by the posterior

part of the right atrium.]

c. Pulmonary trunk

d. Aorta

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8) Which is the most posterior chamber of the heart?

a. RA

b. LA T [ The left atrium forms most of

the posterior aspect of the heart (See figure below). The left atria is situated to

the right and posterior to the LV. Enlarged LA may compress the esophagus

and produce dysphagia. Thrombi in the LA may require transesophageal

echocardiography for detection. The right atria is situated to the right and

posterior to the RV.]

c. RV

d. LV

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9) The diaphragmatic surface is formed mainly by the

a. LV T [ The diaphragmatic or inferior

surface is formed mainly by the LV and partly by the RV. It rests mainly on thecentral tendon of the diaphragm. The diaphragmatic surface shows the

posterior interventricular groove.]

b. RV

c. RV and RA

d. LV and LA

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10) How many grooves are there in the heart?

a. 2

b. 3 T [ Atrioventricular or coronary,

interatrial, and interventricular. See figures above and below.]

c. 4

d. 5

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11) Coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove) does not contain

a. Great cardiac vein T [ The great cardiac vein is in

anterior interventricular groove along with the anterior interventricular branch

of LCA (See figure above). The coronary (or atrioventricular) groove (or sulcus)

separates the atria from the ventricles. The coronary groove contains the main

trunks of the coronary arteries. It descends obliquely to the right on the

sternocostal surface. It separates the right atrium from the right margin of the

right ventricle. The aorta is behind the upper left part of the coronary groove.]

b. Trunks of coronary arteries

c. Small cardiac vein

d. Coronary sinus

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12) Anterior interventricular groove contains

a. Branch of LCA [ Anterior interventricular groove

contains anterior interventricular branch of LCA.]

b. Great cardiac vein

c. Both T [ Internally, the ventricles are

separated by the interventricular septum (See figure below). The

interventricular septum corresponds to the anterior and inferior

(diaphragmatic) interventricular grooves. The anterior groove is on the

sternocostal cardiac surface.]

d. Neither

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13) The posterior interventricular groove is situated in the

a. Right surface of the heart

b. Posterior and superior surface

c. Inferior surface T [ The posterior interventricular

groove contains posterior interventricular branch of RCA and the middle

cardiac vein.]

d. Right lateral and posterior surface

14) Crux of the heart is

a. Where two pulmonary veins open into the left atrial part of the base

b. The junction of the atrioventricular, interatrial and posterior interventricular

grooves T [ The point of junction of the

atrioventricular, interatrial and posterior interventricular grooves is termed the

crux of the heart. See figure below.]

c. Where superior and the inferior vena cava open into the upper and lower parts

of the right atrial basal region

d. Area of the left atrium between the openings of right and left pulmonary veins

[ The area of the left atrium

between the openings of right and left pulmonary veins forms the anterior wall

of the oblique pericardial sinus.]

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15) Opens into the LA

a. 2 pulmonary veins

b. 4 pulmonary veins T

c. 2 pulmonary arteries

d. 4 pulmonary arteries

For the rest of the 30 questions with explanatory answers,click here

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