Pyrex

Grp. 8Jacob CuaJustin JaoAJ Pineda

Berns Mitra

Intro

To understand how Pyrex is unique it is important to understand the nature of glass itself. Glass is a state of matter that has characteristics similar to both crystalline solids and liquids. On a macroscopic level glass appears to be like solids.

However, on a molecular level, glasses are more like liquids. In crystalline solids, molecules are arranged in an orderly fashion. In liquids they are randomly arranged. This random arrangement is also a characteristic of glass.

                     Pyrex•Pyrex is a technical borosilicate glass compositionfrom Corning with excellent thermal properties. A low coefficient of thermal expansion allows a good heat shock resistance.

• Has a good acid resistance and a high optical transmission over a wide wavelength range. This makes Pyrex a versatile material for many different special glass applications. Pyrex can be ground, polished and coated according to custom specific requirements.

•Pyrex is made from a special Borosilicate Glass but some products are also made from soda-lime glass. Both Borosilicate and Soda-lime glass are tempered glass, glass that were subject to extreme heat and cooling multiple times to make them stronger. This makes it less likely to expand or contract due to temperature.

Going through heat until red hot.

Then cooling at a very cold temperature

Then Repeat

PyrexWhen Pyrex was being developed, scientists were trying to make a glass that had a high thermal resistance. At some point it was discovered that glass compositions with Boron could be heated to high temperatures without breaking.

Boron(5th element in the periodic chart)- has the unique ability to create a lot of different chemical bonds. When bonded with oxygen it can create a three dimensional object that is strong. In a glass composition, this extra strength gives it thermal and chemical resistance. Pyrex also has a low alkali content that gives it high corrosion resistance.

Borosilicate Glass

• This was created by Otto Scott, a 19th century German Glass maker

• is a type of glass which includes at least five percent boric oxide

•The boric oxide makes the glass resistant to extreme temperatures, and improves resistance to chemical corrosion

•Today, soda-lime glass is used instead of borosilicate glass, as it is generally cheaper

Borosilicate composition

This glass is made of:70% silica, 

 10% boron oxide, 

 8% sodium oxide, 

 8% potassium oxide, and 

 1% calcium oxide (lime)

Soda-Lime Glass

• It is glass made by fusion of sand with sodium carbonate,

sodium sulfate and lime, or limestone

•Most common type of industrially produced glass

•Similar to Borosilicate Glass(cheaper materials)

Properties

• High thermal resistance

• Low thermal expansion

• Good thermal shock resistance 

• Low Specific weight

• Less fragile than normal glass

• When it breaks, it is easier to clean up 

Uses

- Laboratory glassware

- Kitchen glassware

- Telescope lens

- Mirrors/ used for reflections

Sources

•http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-borosilicate-glass.htm 

•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borosilicate_glass

•http://www.pgo-online.com/intl/katalog/pyrex.html

•www.glassonline.com/infoserv/dictionary/569.html 

•http://www.answers.com/topic/soda-lime-glass#ixzz1BBS159ZZ

•http://www.answers.com/topic/pyrex

•http://www.rfroyce.com/pyrex.htm

Image Sources

• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cromwell.co.uk/static/products/g/jeeps/387/lab3872001a.eps_large.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cromwell.co.uk/PRX3872002B&usg=__svG-Wx2utmgmM_vInBzrxuJc3cY=&h=463&w=500&sz=33&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=wg6EQ-9wOJ6QoM:&tbnh=137&tbnw=148&ei=bg80TYmVLs2ecf3BiaEH&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpyrex%2Blab%2Bequipment%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26client%3Dsafari%26rls%3Den%26biw%3D1279%26bih%3D680%26tbs%3Disch:10%2C3&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=272&vpy=375&dur=3676&hovh=216&hovw=233&tx=105&ty=172&oei=bg80TYmVLs2ecf3BiaEH&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=32&ved=1t:429,r:24,s:0&biw=1279&bih=680

•http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.7hop.com/images_products/Buy_Cheapest_Pyrex_6021224_Storage_10_Piece_Set.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.7hop.com/Buy-Cheapest-Pyrex-6021224-Storage-10-Piece-Set&usg=__LIFsAGsHgStHtrO_JAbRLhsLhbI=&h=337&w=500&sz=21&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=Cs9lup7FUbqhCM:&tbnh=167&tbnw=248&ei=Cg80TdKGM4nQcbieoNAH&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpyrex%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26client%3Dsafari%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Den%26biw%3D1279%26bih%3D680%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=862&vpy=140&dur=1282&hovh=184&hovw=274&tx=119&ty=198&oei=3A40TaecK5OXcb3n0aoH&esq=11&page=1&ndsp=16&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0

Image Sources

• http://www.photoshopsupport.com/photoshop-blog/07/08/ib/ice-2.jpg

• http://www.nordicfirewood.com/images/fire_di93.gif

• http://kaufmann-mercantile.com/images/pyrex_beaker3.jpg

• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bb/Erlenmeyer_flask.jpg/426px-Erlenmeyer_flask.jpg

Image Sources

• http://img.hisupplier.com/var/userImages/2008-12/02/labware$045505993%28s%29.jpg

• http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/4112PEYK2FL.jpg

• http://www.antiquesextant.com/images/13inTelescopeCh.jpg

• http://www.opulentitems.com/assets/images/mirrorstep2.JPG