+PXGUVKICVKQP QH NQPI VGTO EJCPIGU KP VTCEG ICUGU CPF ...
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Hanlim Lee Division of Earth Environmental System Science, Major of Spatial Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Korea
Transcript of +PXGUVKICVKQP QH NQPI VGTO EJCPIGU KP VTCEG ICUGU CPF ...
Hanlim LeeDivision of Earth Environmental System Science, Major of Spatial Information Engineering,
Pukyong National University, Korea
Contents
IntroductionOverview of satellite based remote sensingRetrieval of NO2 mixing ratio from satellite dataRegions of interestStudy period and dataResultsSummary and conclusion
Introduction: Air pollution from port and ships During 21st century, there has been a rapid increase in world transportation via sea routes and ports
The ocean related air pollution including aerosol and gaseous species contributes to the following effects
- Degradation in local air qualities – adverse effect for human- Climate change in both short and long term periods
The satellite-based remote sensing system become need to be developed to monitor the air pollution from port and ships in efficient way.
Overview of satellite based remote sensing:The schematic diagram of satellite-based remote sensing
Validation
Sensor
Measurement
Object
Changed Radiation
Radiation
Data Analysis
Final Result
A priori information
Model
http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf5-1.htm
Near Polar Orbit- The orbit relative to a line running between the North and South poles- Monitor the Earth in global scale- Altitude (Several hundred kilometres)- Ascending/descending
- A special case of near polar orbit- Monitor the location in certain time- Day/night
Sun-synchronous Orbit
- Fixed position of satellite related to Earth- Monitor the limited region from low to middle latitude- Altitude (35,786 kilometres (22,236 mi))
Geostationary Orbit
Types of satellite orbit
Nadir: scattered and reflected sunlight measurement, measure total columnhigh spatial resolution, moderate S/N ratio
Limb: scattered sunlight measurement, measure vertical variation of upper atmosphere low spatial resolution, decreasing S/N ratio with altitude
Occultation: measure sun or lunar light horizontally, measure vertical variation of upper atmospherelow spatial resolution, high S/N ratio, low sensitivity to UV
Limb Nadir Matching: the combination of Nadir and limb measurements, measurement of tropospheric trace gas
Types of satellite measurement mode
- surface (vegetation)- a few absorption- aerosol
- temperature- cloud- water/ice- numerous radiation/absorption
- some absorption- aerosol
- no cloud effect- water/ice- surface- some radiation
UV/Vis are used in trace gas measurements with satellite UV: UltravioletVis: Visible
A-Train constellation of satellites
• The A-train (from Afternoon Train) is a satellite constellation of six Earth observation satellites in sun-synchronous orbit
• The orbit crosses the equator each day at around 1:30 pm solar time, giving the constellation its name
AuraCloudSatCALIPSOAquaGCOM-W1OCO-2
PARASOL
Major environmental sensors
Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-
obal Ozone MGlG-- onboard ERS
e MSS-
onoMSS--2
-onbo
-- OOOOO3
board nbOOO3, NOOO2
rd OOO2,
RSSERd 2, OClO
2OO, 22
OO, BrOO, HCHO, SOO2OO2, HH2HH2O, etc.
GOMEGOM(1995
OM5 5 -
MEMOM- 2003)
Ozone Monitoring Instrument-
zone MonitorinOzO-- onboard EOS
orinSS-
g InstgrinSS--Aura
-onbo
-- OOOOO3
boardnbOOO3, NOOO2
rdOOO2,
OSSEOd 2, OClO
S AOO,
rauruAAOO, BrO
aOO, HCHO, SOO2OO2, HH2HH2O, etc.
OMIOMI(2004
MI4 4 - )
GOMEEE-EE-2-
OMEE 22GOG-- onboard
2ddd MetOp
-onbo
-- OOOOO3
boardnbOOO3, NOOO2
rdd OOO2,
etOpMeMd 2, OClO
OpOO, p
OO, BrOO, HCHO, SOO2OO2, HH2HH2O, etc.
GOMEE-E-2GOM(2006
EMEE6 6 -
22)
SCIAMACHYSCIAMA(2002
MA2 2 -
ACHYAMA- 2012)
SCanningg Imaging Absorption n spetroMeterr for Atmospheric SCanningS g magiImCHartographY-
HartographYCH-- onboard ENVISAT-O
onb
OO
o-- OOOOOOO3
zone
board
zo
nbO
ooOO33, NOOO2
M
rd O
MOO22,
Monito
NVISA
Mon
EN
Mo
d
oMo22, , OClO
ri
ISAOO,
ng In
T
ng
AT
ng
SAOO, , BrO
nstrumentnstrOO, HCHO, SOO2OO2, HH2HH2O, CO, COO2OO2, CHH44 etc.
TROPOsphericc Monitoring Instrument-
ROPOsphTRT-- onboard
hericc Msphdd Sentinel
MonMeee -
itorniMonelel--5p
-onbo
-- OOOOO3
boardnbOOO3, NOOO2
rddOOO2,
entineeel 5p5SeSd2, CO, HCHO
ppOOO, OO, SOO22 etc.
TROPOMITR(ROPOTR((2017
OPO7 7 -
OMI)
Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) Principle (1)
Lamp I0(λ) Detector I(λ)
Trace gas absorptionabsorption cross section σi(λ)Rayleigh scattering
~ λ-4
Mie Scattering ~λ-(1…3)
turbulence
Lambert-Beer‘s Law:I( ) = I0( )•e- [ ‘i ( ) ci L + ( bi ci + Ray( ) + Mie( )) L] T( ))
narrow- wide band extinction
Remove by high-pass filtering
[Platt, 1994]
Differential Cross Sections of Atmospheric Species
250 300 350 400 450 600 650 7000
100200
Detection Limit
200 pptL=1km
1 pptL=16km
2 pptL=12km
20 pptL=12km
500 pptL=5km
5 pptL=5km
100 pptL=5km
200 pptL=5km
1 ppbL=5km
Phenol
Wavelength [nm]
04080
20 pptL=1km
50 pptL=1km
250 pptL=1km
para-Cresol
05
10 Toluene
01020
Benzene
0100200
IO
050 BrO
020 ClO
01
HCHO
0100 NO3
04
HONO
0
2NO2
048
SO2
250 300 350 400 450 600 650
0
4
50 pptL=5km
'[10-1
9 cm
2 ]O3
IUP, Univ. Heidelberg, Germany(http://www.iup.uni-heidelberg.de)
Calculation of Air Mass Factor
SCVCAMF
VC: Vertical Column SC: Slant ColumnAMF: Air Mass Factor
Trace gas layerTrace gas layer
VCSC
1/AMF
Retrieval of NO2 mixing ratio from satellite data
Column density: total amount of NO2 molecules from surface to tropopause per 1cm2
Ground level mixing ratio: the ratio of air and NO2 molecules within atmosphere near surface
• Column density is hard to know the NO2 information near surface
Retrieval of NO2 mixing ratio
AIRS dataBoundary layer height
Air temperaturepressure
AMF calculation
Retrieval of SCD using spectral fitting algorithm
RTM
CTMSCIAMACHY: Lee et al., ACP, 2008OMI: Krotkov et al., JGR, 2008
Lee et al., JGR, 2009
Geophysical characterization of measurement condition
Retrieval of VCD
Lv0Lv1Lv2
Retrieval of NO2 mixing ratio from satellite data
Regions of interest
•
Regions of interest
•
Study period and Data
Ozone Monitoring Instrument)
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder)
Result: The average value of Trop. O3, Trop. NO2, and PBL SO2
Asia Europe
North America
South America
Australia
Africa
Result: Annual trends of PBL SO2 and Trop. O3
Highly decreased from 2014~
+2.61 DU decade-1
Result: Annual trend of Trop. NO2
− 3 1015 molec. cm-2 decade-1
Negligible change
Result: Decadal trends of PBL SO2, Trop. NO2, and Trop. O3 over major port cities for 2006-2015.
Asia
Europe
North America
South America
Australia
Africa
•
•
•
Result: Annual trends of the retrieved ground level NO2mixing ratio
Negligible change (0.05 ppbv decade-1)
−0.64 ppbv decade-1
••
•
•
Result: Decadal trends of retrieved surface level NO2 mixing ratio
Result: The map of retrieved ground level NO2 mixing ratioBusan
(South Korea)Jebel Ali(Dubai)
LA(USA)
Melbourne(Australia)
maximum
minimum
Port Said(Egypt)
Santos(Brazil)
Rotterdam(Netherlands)
maximum
minimum
Result: The map of retrieved ground level NO2 mixing ratio
Result: TROPOMI - Spatial distributions of Trop. NO2 over major ports
• Recently, the TROPOMI sensor onboard Sentinel-5P has been launched. • We additionally investigated spatial distributions of Trop NO2 column over ports (in Asia and Europe).
Result: TROPOMI - Spatial distributions of Trop. NO2 over major ports
Shanghai port (China)
36.52 Million TEU
Busan port(South Korea)19.47 Million
TEU
Northeast Asia
Result: TROPOMI - Spatial distributions of Trop. NO2 over major ports
EuropeSavona-Vado port
(Italy)2.6 Million TEU
Algeciras port(Spain)
4.7 Million TEU
GEO-KOMPSAT-2 (Geostationary Earth Orbit KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite)
• In the future, the gas emission can be obtained (ton year-1) from gestational satellites with high spatial and temporal resolution
Baseline products
NO2, SO2, HCHO, O3, AOD, Clouds...
GEO-KOMPSAT-2 (Geostationary Earth Orbit KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite)
Summary and conclusion
• Temporal characteristics of the VCD of SO2, NO2, and O3• There was certain decreasing trend of tropospheric NO2 spatially in LA, Busan, Hong Kong,
Jebel Ali, Port Said, and Melbourne (Average: −3 1015 molec. cm-2 decade-1).• In most of regions of interest, tropospheric O3 tends to increase (Average: +2.61 DU decade-1)
• Among the target species, is the NO2 VCD converted into the NO2 mixing ratio within the boundary layer using a simple equation with the inputs of AIRS data sets.
• The average change of NO2 mixing ratio is calculated as −0.64 ppb decade-1 in Busan, Jebel Ali, LA, Port said, Melbourne, and Rotterdam.
• The spatial distribution of NO2 mixing ratio is retrieved and shown on the map.
• The geostationary environmental satellites, which are equipped with hyperspectral sensors covering the UV/Vis, will allow the monitoring the air pollution over sea routes and retrieval of gas emission (ton year-1)
