PVHS Writing Program (2009-2010)

8/11/2019 PVHS Writing Program (2009-2010)

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Palos Verdes High School

Writing Program

600 Cloyden Road Palos Verdes Estates, CA 90274 310-378-8471


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Palos Verdes High School

Writing Program

English Department

Sandi atson

As!ley ro"#$anCynt!ia %a$on

&enni'er E(an

Sara E)ner

S*+y i

aren ostren"i"!

%ere# .ar#ins&e'' /irosai"!

S*san Pael#a

ill Peter$an

Caroline Se"rist

/ary-&o So*'l

i"ole !o$son.ea oo$s

eit! !it$er


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Table of Contents

Palos Verdes High School: Writing Program

En(lis! .an(*a(e Arts Essential Standards

5rades ine and en 1

5rades Eleen and ele 2PVS En(lis! %eart$ent C*rri"*l*$

Se$ester Essential S#ills 3-4

Se$ester Essential Standards -6/odern .an(*a(e Asso"iation /.A: /an*s"rit ;or$ 7

Essay er$inolo(y 8

ritin( a ntrod*"tion and Con"l*sion Para(ra! C!art 19C!art 3 C!*n#s =ody Points= 20-22

Preritin( 23

>ntrod*"tion and oo# 24-2

>ntrod*"tion Sa$les 26-27ransition 28

!esis State$ent 29

Con"rete %etail 30-31Co$$entary 32-34

Co$$entary /ista#es 3

Con"l*sion 36Peer Resonse Para(ra! Essay 37-38

Sel' Resonse Para(ra! Essay 39-40

rite raits 6-Point R*ri" 41-42

Senior Pro?e"t Resear"! Paer Re@*ire$ents 43Resear"! So*r"e Cards and ote Cards 44


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English Language Arts Essential Standards

rades !ine and Ten

Readin( Vo"a*lary11 >denti'y and *se t!e literal and 'i(*ratie $eanin(s o' ords and *nderstand ord deriations

12 %istin(*is! eteen and interret t!e denotatie and "onnotatie $eanin( o' ords

13 >denti'y 5ree#, Ro$an, and orse $yt!olo(y and *se t!at #noled(e to *nderstand ordsReadin( Co$re!ensionB Co$re!ension o' in'or$ational te)ts

21 Analy+e str*"t*re and "riti@*e '*n"tional readin( $aterials

22 >denti'y ilio(ra!y and $an*s"rit 'or$

23 5enerate @*estions ao*t readin(s on iss*es t!at "an e resear"!ed24 Synt!esi+e t!e "ontent o' seeral or#s y a sin(le a*t!or on a sin(le iss*e

2 Elaorate on or e)tend ideas in ri$ary or se"ondary so*r"es

26 ;ollo te"!ni"al dire"tions

27 Criti@*e lo(i" o' '*n"tional do"*$ents28 Eal*ate t!e "rediility o' an a*t!ors ar(*$ent or "lai$

Readin( Co$re!ensionB .iterary Resonse and Analysis

31 Dnderstand t!e *rose and "!ara"teristi"s o' di''erent 'or$s o' literat*re

32 Co$are resentation o' t!e$e a"ross (enres

33 Analy+e t!e intera"tions eteen "!ara"ters in a literary te)t34 E)a$ine dialo(*es, $onolo(*es, and solilo@*ies 'or "!ara"ter traits

3 Co$are or#s t!at e)ress a *niersal t!e$e and roide eiden"e 'or ideas

36 ra"e ti$e, se@*en"in(37 Dnderstand t!e si(ni'i"an"e o' 'i(*ratie lan(*a(e, i$a(ery, sy$olis$, and alle(ory

38 Re"o(ni+e a$i(*ities, s*tleties, ironies, and in"on(r*ities in a te)t

39 >denti'y !o oi"e and narration in'l*en"e tone, lot and "rediility o' te)t

310 >denti'y *ni@*e "!ara"teristi"s o' dra$ati" literat*re311, 312 >denti'y "!ara"teristi"s o' 3 "riti"al aroa"!esB io(ra!i"al, aest!eti", and !istori"al

ritin( Strate(ies

11 Estalis! a "o!erent t!esis, $aintain "onsistent tone, 'o"*s

12 Dse re"ise lan(*a(e, a"tion ers, sensory details, and $odi'iers, a"tie not assie oi"e13 >denti'y s*itale resear"! $et!ods and @*estions

14 >denti'y and deelo $ain ideas and s*ortin( eiden"e

1 Synt!esi+e in'or$ation 'ro$ $*ltile so*r"es

19 Reise ritin( to i$roe lo(i" o' or(ani+ation, re"ision o' ord "!oi"e, and toneritin( Ali"ations

21 io(ra!i"al narratie t!at e$loys des"ritie strate(ies in relayin( a "lear in"ident

22 Resonse to literat*re t!at de$onstrates a (ras o' $ain ideas, s*orts ies it! re'eren"e to t!e

te)t, s!os #noled(e o' style dei"es, and identi'ies n*an"es o' te)t23 E)ository essay t!at $ars!als eiden"e in s*ort o' a t!esis, s*$$ari+es in'or$ation a""*rately, and

identi'ies si(ni'i"ant data, 'a"ts and ideas

24 Pers*asie "o$osition t!at roides a ell-de'ined t!esis, detailed eiden"e in s*ort, and e$loys

t!e *se o' a se"i'i" ers*asie dei"e2 *siness letter t!at resents in'or$ation "learly, 'ollos "onentional 'or$ats and *ses an aroriate

tone and o"a*lary 'or t!e *rose

ritin( Conentions

11 >denti'y "orre"t *se o' "la*ses, !rases and $e"!ani"s o' *n"t*ation12 Dnderstand arallel str*"t*re, s*ordination, and "oordination

13 %e$onstrate roer En(lis! *sa(e and "ontrol o' (ra$$ar, ara(ra! and senten"e str*"t*re

14 Sell a""*rately and *se t!e "onentions o' *n"t*ation and "aitali+ation "orre"tly

All standards listed !ae een sele"ted it! tea"!er in*t 'ro$ Cali'ornia State Content Standards, P*llia$ Essential

Standards, ational Standards, and SAR l*erints !is list o' standards re'le"ts t!e standards t!is "o*rse ill

'o"*s on, *t it is not an e)!a*stie listin( o' standards

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English Language Arts Essential Standards

rades Ele"en and T#el"e

Readin( Vo"a*lary11 ra"e t!e ety$olo(y o' si(ni'i"ant ter$s *sed in oliti"al s"ien"e and !istory

12 Aly #noled(e o' 5ree#, .atin and An(lo-Sa)on roots and a''i)es to ter$s *sed in s"ien"e and

$at!e$ati"s13 %is"ern t!e $eanin( o' analo(ies en"o*ntered, analy+in( se"i'i" "o$arisons as ell as relations!is

and in'eren"es

Readin( Co$re!ensionB Co$re!ension o' in'or$ational te)ts

21 Analy+e t!e 'eat*res o' di''erent tyes o' *li" do"*$ents22 Analy+e atterns o' or(ani+ation, !ierar"!i"al str*"t*res, synta), and ord "!oi"e

23 Dse "ons*$er, or#la"e and *li" do"*$ents to eri'y and "lari'y 'a"ts

24 /a#e assertion ao*t a*t!ors ar(*$ents *sin( t!e te)t to de'end or "lari'y interretations

2 Analy+e i$li"it and e)li"it ass*$tions and elie's ao*t a s*?e"t26 Criti@*e t!e alidity o' ar(*$ents set 'ort! in *li" do"*$ents

Readin( Co$re!ensionB .iterary Resonse and Analysis

31 Analy+e "!ara"teristi"s o' satire, arody and alle(ory

32 Analy+e !o t!e$e reresents a ie o' li'e

33 Analy+e !o irony, tone, $ood, style and lan(*a(e a"!iee se"i'i" r!etori"al or aest!eti" *roses34 Analy+e !o oets *se i$a(ery, ersoni'i"ation, 'i(*res o' see"!, and so*nd to eo#e e$otion

3 ra"e A$eri"an literat*re 'ro$ "olonial eriod "ontrast eriods, t!e$es and trends eal*ate t!e

in'l*en"e o' t!e !istori"al eriod36 Analy+e ar"!etyal "!ara"ters in literat*re

37 Relate or#s to t!e iss*es o' t!eir era

38 Analy+e t!e oliti"al ass*$tions in a or#

39 Analy+e t!e !iloso!i"al ar(*$ents o' a or#ritin( Strate(ies

11 %e$onstrate ele$ents o' dis"o*rse in narratie, e)ository, ers*asie, or des"ritie ritin(

12 Dse oint o' ie, "!ara"teri+ation, and style 'or se"i'i" r!etori"al and aest!eti" *roses

13 Str*"t*re ideas and ar(*$ents in a ers*asie and so!isti"ated ay14 Dse r!etori"al dei"es to en!an"e $eanin(

1 Dse lan(*a(e in nat*ral, 'res!, and iid ays to estalis! a se"i'i" tone

17 Dse strate(ies to re"ord and or(ani+e in'or$ation

19 Reise te)t to !i(!li(!t oi"e, i$roe senten"e ariety and style, and $at"! tone to a*dien"eritin( Ali"ations

21 io(ra!i"al narratie F e$loy des"ritie strate(ies to relayin( a "lear in"ident

22 Resonse to literat*re F s*ort ?*d($ents it! re'eren"e to ot!er te)ts and a*t!ors

24 istori"al inesti(ations- analy+e seeral so*r"es and si(ni'i"an"e o' an !istori"al eent or era2 rite ?o ali"ations and res*$es

ritin( Conentions

11 %e$onstrate "ontrol o' (ra$$ar, di"tion, ara(ra! and senten"e str*"t*re, and *sa(e

12 Prod*"e le(ile or# t!at s!os a""*rate sellin( and "orre"t *n"t*ation and "aitali+ation

All standards listed !ae een sele"ted it! tea"!er in*t 'ro$ Cali'ornia State Content Standards, P*llia$ Essential

Standards, ational Standards, and SAR l*erints !is list o' standards re'le"ts t!e standards t!is "o*rse ill

'o"*s on, *t it is not an e)!a*stie listin(

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PVHS English Department Curriculum

Semester Essential S$ills

English % English & English ' English (

Core Literature %stSemester

To Kill a Mockingbird

Of Mice and Men

&ndSemester

Animal Farm

Romeo and Juliet

%stSemester

The Catcher in the Rye

Lord of the Flies

&ndSemester

Women of the ilk

Macbeth

%stSemester

The carlet Letter

Ad!entures of "uckleberry Finn

&ndSemester

#ra$es of Wrath

The #reat #atsby%eath of a alesman or

A treetcar &amed %esire

%stand &ndSemesters

Oedi$us Re'

"amlet

Cyrano de (ergerac

The tranger

Writing %stSemester

1 A*toio(ra!i"al arratie

in "lass:

2 PVS ritin( Pro(ra$

>ntrod*"tion t!ro*(!

E)ository ritin(

Eiden"e o' >ntro, 6 "!*n#s

G "itation, Con"l*sion

3 Se$ester en"!$ar#

in "lass:

E)ository Synt!esis

&ndSemester

1 *siness .etter

2 Analy+e .iterat*re3 Pers*asie Resear"!

=4 Essays $ini$*$ 'or t!e year

%stSemester

1 Analy+e ;i"tion

2 E)ository Essay

Resear"!

3 Se$ester en"!$ar#

in "lass:

ERC

&ndSemester

1 *siness .etter

2 io(ra!i"al arratie3 Co$are /edia 5enres

= Essays $ini$*$ 'or t!e year

%stSemester

1 istori"al >nesti(ation G

io arratie

2 e(in &*nior Pro?e"t

3 Se$ester en"!$ar#

in "lass:

E)ository Synt!esis

&ndSemester1 Re'le"tie Colle(e Ali"ation

2 Analy+e .iterat*re3 &*nior Pro?e"t

= Essays $ini$*$ 'or t!e year

%stSemester

1 Reisit &r year Re'le"tie

Colle(e Ali"ation Essays

2 SP Resear"!

3 Analy+e .iterat*re

&ndSemester

1 SP Port'olio

2 Analy+e .iterat*re

=4 Essays $ini$*$ 'or t!e year

Antholog) %stSemester: C! 1-3 4-6

&ndSemester: C! 7-9 10-12

%stSemester: C! 1-2 3-


%stSemester: C! 1-2 3-4

&ndSemester: C! 6

=As 'its G indiid*al tea"!er

"*rri"*l*$

rammar %stSemester:C! 10-16 1-2, -6


%stSemester: C! 1-3 4-, 7-8


%stSemester: C! 10-12 7-8

&ndSemester: C! 1-4

=As needed

3


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Vocabular) 1 5ree#GRo$anGorse$yt!olo(y ord ori(ins

2 PVS lists 1-8 9-17

3 Core literat*re

1 Reie

5ree#GRo$anGorse

$yt!olo(y ord ori(ins


3 Core literat*re

1 Aly #noled(e o'

5ree#G.atinGAn(lo-Sa)on

roots


3 Core literat*re


2 Core literat*re

3 Colle(e rearatory

*ndependent +eading 2 oo#s er se$ester 2 oo#s er se$ester 2 oo#s er se$ester 2 oo#s er se$ester

E,tended +eading

-ptions

Fahrenheit )** +",

"ouse on Mango treetMartian Chronicles

Mythology or Odyssey

&ight +",

Raisin in the un

$eak

The ecret Life of (ees +",

White Fang

*- Angry Men

*-th &ight*./) +",

A e$arate 0eace

(ra!e &e1 World +",

Cat2s Cradle +3"A0,

4 Am the Clay

Jane 3yre +",

Man for All easons

&ectar in the ie!e

One %ay in the Life of 4!an

%eniso!ich +",

One Fle1 O!er the Cuckoo5s

&est +",

the 0rince +3"A0,

(illy (udd

Caine Mutiny4nto Thin Air +",

Old Man and the ea

The Crucible

(lack (oy

Catch6--Fences

Kitchen #od5s Wife

Lords of %isci$line

Metamor$hosis

laughterhouse Fi!e +",

The Color 0ur$le

The 0o1er and the #lory +",

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PVHS English Department Curriculum

Semester Essential Standards

English % English & English ' English (

Core Literature %stSemester

Reading 7ocabulary

11

Reading Com$ 6 info te'ts8

21, 22, 23, 24, 28

Reading Com$ 6 literary8

31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37

&ndSemester

Reading 7ocabulary

11, 12


21, 22, 23, 24, 2, 26, 27,28


31, 32, 33, 34, 3, 36, 37,

38, 39, 310

%stSemester

Reading 7ocabulary

11, 12, 13 :


21, 22, 23, 24, 2, 28


31, 32, 33, 34, 3, 36, 37

&ndSemester

Reading 7ocabulary

11, 12, 13


21, 22, 23, 24, 2, 26, 27,28


31, 32, 33, 34, 3, 36, 37,

38, 39, 310, 311, 312

%stSemester

Reading 7ocabulary

11, 12, 13


22, 24, 2, 26


31, 32, 33, 3, 36, 37

&ndSemester

Reading 7ocabulary

11, 12, 13


21, 22, 23, 24, 2, 26


31, 32, 33, 34, 3, 36, 37,

38, 39

%stSemester

Reading 7ocabulary

11, 12, 13


22, 24, 2, 26


31, 32, 33, 34, 3, 36, 379

38, 39

&ndSemester

Reading 7ocabulary

11, 12, 13


21, 22, 23, 24, 2, 26


31, 32, 33, 34, 3, 36, 37,

38, 39

Writing %stSemester

Writing trategies

11, 13, 14, 1, 19

Writing A$$lications

21, 23, 24

Writing Con!entions

13, 14

&ndSemester

Writing trategies

11, 12, 13, 14, 1, 19


22, 24, 2

Writing Con!entions

11, 12, 13, 14

%stSemester

Writing trategies

11, 12, 13, 14, 1, 19


22, 23, 24

Writing Con!entions

11, 12, 13, 14

&ndSemester

Writing trategies

11, 12, 13, 14, 1, 19


21, 22, 2

Writing Con!entions

11, 12, 13, 14

%stSemester

Writing trategies

11, 12, 13, 1, 17, 19


21, 22, 24

Writing Con!entions

11, 12, 13, 14

&ndSemester

Writing trategies

11, 12, 13, 14, 1, 17, 19


22, 2

Writing Con!entions

11, 12

%stSemester

Writing trategies

11, 12, 13, 14, 1, 17, 19


21, 22, 2

Writing Con!entions

11, 12

&ndSemester

Writing trategies

11, 12, 13, 14, 1, 17, 19


21, 22, 2

Writing Con!entions

11, 12


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Antholog) =See HCore .iterat*reI =See HCore .iterat*reI =See HCore .iterat*reI =As 'its G indiid*al tea"!er"*rri"*l*$

rammar %stSemester

Writing Con!entions

13, 14

&ndSemester

Writing Con!entions11, 12, 13, 14

%stSemester

Writing Con!entions

11, 12, 13, 14

&ndSemester


%stSemester

Writing Con!entions

11, 12

&ndSemester


=As needed

Vocabular) =See HCore .iterat*reI =See HCore .iterat*reI =See HCore .iterat*reI =See HCore .iterat*reI

*ndependent +eading =See HCore .iterat*reI =See HCore .iterat*reI =See HCore .iterat*reI =See HCore .iterat*reI

6


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.odern Language Association /.LA0

.anuscript 1orm

>t is as i$ortant to reare yo*r $an*s"rit "are'*lly as it is to resear"! yo*r toi" t!oro*(!ly

and rite yo*r aer t!o*(!t'*lly An i$roerly reared $an*s"rit o'ten alienates yo*r

reader and detra"ts 'ro$ yo*r "rediility

1 Dse 8J ) 11 in"! !ite aer Clean !oto"oies are *s*ally a""etale 'or s*$ission

2eep one cop) for )ourself3

2 !e aer $*st e tyed in la"# in# *sin( i$es e Ro$an 'ont si+e 12 ye do*le-

sa"ed only on one side o' t!e a(e

3 .eae one-in"! $ar(ins at t!e to, otto$, ri(!t, and le't sides o' t!e a(e

4 *$er t!e a(es "onse"*tiely, *sin( Arai" n*$erals in t!e *er ri(!t !and "orner o'ea"! a(e ne)t to yo*r last na$e A ord ro"essor "an a*to$ati"ally n*$er a(es it!

a !eadin( s*ro(ra$

>n"l*de yo*r 'irst and last na$e, tea"!ers na$e, s*?e"t and eriod, and date in t!e *er

le't !and "orner o' t!e 'irst a(e ;or e)a$leB

rilliant St*dent

/s oo$s

En(lis! 2A, Period 1

19


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Essa) Terminolog)

8

1 *ntroduction/*ntroductor) Paragraph0

!e 'irst ara(ra! in a $*lti-ara(ra! essay >t in"l*des

t!e t!esis, $ost o'ten at t!e ery end o' t!e ara(ra!

2 Hoo$ >nterestin(, "at"!y oener t!at (ains t!e readers attention

3 Transition Senten"es t!at relate a (eneral idea to t!e or# ein(analy+ed Conne"ts one idea to anot!er

4 Thesis t ill e t!e toi" o' t!eara(ra! H"!*n#I

6 Topic Sentence /TS0 >n a $*lti-ara(ra! essay, t!e 'irst senten"e in a ody

ara(ra! !is $*st !ae a s*?e"t and an oinion"o$$entary: 'or t!e ara(ra! >t $*st dire"tly relate to or

s*ort t!e t!esis Proin( t!is state$ent ill e t!e 'o"*s

o' yo*r entire ody ara(ra!

7 Concrete Detail /CD0 Se"i'i" details t!at 'or$ t!e a"#one or "ore o' yo*r

ody ara(ra!s Ko* H*seI C% to roe or s*ort yo*r

ideasSynony$sB 'a"ts, se"i'i"s, e)a$les, des"ritions,

ill*sions, s*ort, roo', eiden"e, @*otations,ara!rasin(, lot re'eren"es

8 Commentar) /C.0 Ko*r oinion or "o$$ents ao*t t!e s*?e"t

Synony$sB oinion, insi(!t, analysis, interretation,in'eren"e, ersonal resonse, 'eelin(s, eal*ations,

e)li"ation, re'le"tion

9 Concluding Sentence /CS0 >n a one ara(ra! essayB !e 'inal senten"e o' t!e

ara(ra! Restates t!e t!esis

>n a $*lti-ara(ra! essayB !e last senten"e o' a odyara(ra! >t (ies a 'inis!ed 'eelin( to t!e ara(ra!

and $ay roide transition to t!e ne)t ara(ra!

10 Conclusion Contains (enerali+ation >n a one ara(ra! essayB !e 'inal senten"e o' t!e essay

>t restates yo*r t!esis it!o*t reeatin( #ey ords:

>n a $*lti-ara(ra! essayB >t is t!e last ara(ra! in

yo*r essay >t $ay s*$ * yo*r ideas, re'le"t on !at

yo* said in yo*r essay, o''er $ore "o$$entary ao*tyo*r s*?e"t, or (ie a ersonal state$ent ao*t t!e

s*?e"t

>t re'ers a"# to t!e introd*"tion


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Writing a -ne Paragraph Essa)

Sentence 6 !ame Purpose7Content

1 Thesis7Topic

C/: Contains s*?e"t literary or#: and yo*r

oinion on t!at s*?e"t

A*t!or and title o' t!e s*?e"t s!o*ld e $entioned Presents "entral 'o"*s o' entire ara(ra!

/*st e roed

Chun$ 6%

5od) Point 6%

=


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-ne Paragraph Essa)

Sentence Completion Chart 85od) Points8

itle o' EssayB

O1 S

O2 P O1 ;irst,

O3 C% O1 ;or e)a$le,

O4 C/ O1a !is s!os t!at

O C/ O1 !is also s!os t!at

O6 P O2 >n addition,

O7 C% O2 ;or instan"e,


O9 C/ O2 !is also s!os t!at

O10 P O3 ;inally,

O11 C% O3 ;or e)a$le,


O13 C/ O3 !is also s!os t!at

O14 CS >n "on"l*sion,

10


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-ne Paragraph Essa)

Chart 85od) Points8

itle o' EssayB

Sentence 6 !ame Purpose7Content

1 Thesis7Topic

Chun$ 6%

2 5od) Point 6%

3 Concrete Detail

4- Commentar)

Chun$ 6&

6 5od) Point 6&

7 Concrete Detail

8-9 Commentar)

Chun$ 6'

10 5od) Point 6'

11 Concrete Detail

12-13 Commentar)

1inal

14 Conclusion

12


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-ne Paragraph Essa)

-utline 85od) Points8

itle o' EssayB

> !esis:

A P:

1 C%:

a: C/:

: C/:

P:

1 C%:

a: C/:

: C/:

C P:

1 C%:

a: C/:

: C/:

>> Con"l*din( Senten"e:

14


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-ne Paragraph Essa)

-utline 8Without 5od) Points8

itle o' EssayB

> !esis:

A C%:

1 C/:

2 C/:

C%:

1 C/:

2 C/:

C C%:

1 C/:

2 C/:

>> Con"l*din( Senten"e:

1


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Writing a .ulti9Paragraph Essa)

Paragraph 6 Sentence 6 !ame Purpose7Content1

>ntrod*"tion1-3

Lead9in

eneraliation

%esi(ned to ea# t!e interest o' yo*r reader and introd*"e

yo*r s*?e"t in a (eneral, !iloso!i"al $anner >deasresented !ere need to "oin"ide it! t!e $a?or ideas o' t!e

t!esis %o not e "*te

4-6 Transitionrin( * a*t!or and title to "onne"t t!e ideas resented in

t!e lead-in to t!e ideas in t!e noel Also !el'*l to set *

t!e literary or# to e analy+ed rie' s*$$ary:

7 ThesisContains t!e s*?e"t literary or#: and an idea o' yo*rs

ao*t t!e s*?e"t !e "entral 'o"*s o' t!e entire aer $*stno e roed

2-4

ody1 Topic Sentence

%ire"tly s*ortsGroes t!e t!esis Per!as "ontains so$e"on"rete detail, *t $ostly "o$$entary Entire ody

ara(ra! no *sed to s*ort t!is state$ent

Chun$ 6%5od) Point 6%

=t (ies a 'inis!ed'eelin( to t!e ara(ra! and $ay roide transition to t!e

ne)t ara(ra!

1inal

Con"l*sion1-2 Thesis

Restate t!e t!esis and $a?or ideas o' aer *sin( di''erentordin( 'ro$ t!e introd*"tion and ody o' t!e essay

3- Transition/ore s*$$ary on s*?e"t >deas s!o*ld (et $ore (eneraland less se"i'i", *lti$ately leadin( to 'inal (enerali+ation

6-7 Lead9out

eneraliation

S!o*ld 'ollo nat*rally, lo(i"ally, !iloso!i"ally 'ro$t!esis, ody o' aer, and literary or# eeds to e"!o, not

reeat, (enerali+ation at e(innin( o' aer !ese 'inal

t!o*(!ts s!o*ld (ie yo*r aer a ell-ro*nded, satis'yin(,

16


22/65

intelli(ent endin(

.ulti9Paragraph Essa)

Structure 85od) Points8

Paragraph 6% >ntrod*"tion3 Senten"es

!esis

Paragraph 6& 1st ody Para(ra!14 Senten"es;or$atB

O1 oi" Senten"eO2 ody Point O1O3 C%, starts it!For e'am$le9

O4 Co$$entaryO Co$$entaryO6 ody Point O2O7 C%, starts it!For instance9O8 Co$$entary

O9 Co$$entaryO10 ody Point O3O11 C%, starts it!For e'am$le9O12 Co$$entaryO13 Co$$entaryO14 Con"l*din( Senten"e

Paragraph 6' 2ndody Para(ra!14 Senten"es;or$atB

O1 oi" Senten"eO2 ody Point O1O3 C%, starts it!For e'am$le9O4 Co$$entaryO Co$$entary

O6 ody Point O2

O7 C%, starts it!For instance9O8 Co$$entaryO9 Co$$entaryO10 ody Point O3O11 C%, starts it!For e'am$le9

O12 Co$$entaryO13 Co$$entaryO14 Con"l*din( Senten"e

Paragraph 6( 3rdody Para(ra!14 Senten"es;or$atB

O1 oi" Senten"eO2 ody Point O1O3 C%, starts it!For e'am$le9O4 Co$$entaryO Co$$entaryO6 ody Point O2O7 C%, starts it!For instance9

O8 Co$$entaryO9 Co$$entaryO10 ody Point O3O11 C%, starts it!For e'am$le9O12 Co$$entaryO13 Co$$entary

O14 Con"l*din( Senten"e

17


23/65

Paragraph 6; Con"l*sionAll "o$$entary o reeats o' #ey ords5ies a 'inis!ed 'eelin( to t!e !ole essay


Structure 8Without 5od) Points8

Paragraph 6% >ntrod*"tion3 Senten"es!esis

Paragraph 6& 1st ody Para(ra!11 Senten"es;or$atB

O1 oi" Senten"eO2 C%, starts it!For e'am$le9O3 Co$$entaryO4 Co$$entary

O C%, starts it!For instance9O6 Co$$entaryO7 Co$$entaryO8 C%, starts it!For e'am$le9O9 Co$$entary

O10 Co$$entaryO11 Con"l*din( Senten"e

Paragraph 6' 2ndody Para(ra!11 Senten"es;or$atB

O1 oi" Senten"eO2 C%, starts it!For e'am$le9O3 Co$$entaryO4 Co$$entaryO C%, starts it!For instance9O6 Co$$entaryO7 Co$$entaryO8 C%, starts it!For e'am$le9O9 Co$$entary

O10 Co$$entary

O11 Con"l*din( Senten"e

Paragraph 6( 3rdody Para(ra!11 Senten"es;or$atB

O1 oi" Senten"eO2 C%, starts it!For e'am$le9O3 Co$$entaryO4 Co$$entaryO C%, starts it!For instance9O6 Co$$entaryO7 Co$$entaryO8 C%, starts it!For e'am$le9O9 Co$$entaryO10 Co$$entaryO11 Con"l*din( Senten"e

Paragraph 6; Con"l*sionAll "o$$entary o reeats o' #ey ords

5ies a 'inis!ed 'eelin( to t!e !ole essay

18


24/65


*ntroduction and Conclusion Paragraph Chart

oi"B

*ntroduction

1 .ead-inG5enerali+ationB

2 ransition in"l*de titleGa*t!or:B

3 !esisB

Conclusion

1 !esis restate:B

2 ransitionB

3 .ead-o*tG5enerali+ationB

19


25/65


Chart ' Chun$s 85od) Points8

itle o' EssayB

Paragraph 6%: *ntroduction

O1-3 .ead-in5enerali+ation

O4-6 ransition

O7 !esis

Paragraph 6&: 5od) Paragraph

O1 S

O2 P O1

O3 C%

O4- C/

O6 P O2

O7 C%

O8-9 C/

O10 P O3

O11 C%

O12-13 C/

O14 CS

20


26/65

Paragraph 6': 5od) Paragraph

O1 S

O2 P O1

O3 C%

O4- C/

O6 P O2

O7 C%

O8-9 C/

O10 P O3

O11 C%

O12-13 C/

O14 CS

21


27/65

Paragraph 6(: 5od) Paragraph

O1 S

O2 P O1

O3 C%

O4- C/

O6 P O2

O7 C%

O8-9 C/

O10 P O3

O11 C%

O12-13 C/

O14 CS

Paragraph 6;: ConclusionO1-2 !esis

O3- ransition

O6-7 .ead-o*t5enerali+ation

22


28/65


29/65

*ntroduction and Hoo$

Anecdotes

n a !o$e it! 'o*r oys and to or#in( arents, tensions and an)ieties tend to rise at

alar$in( rates Ese"ially in $y 'a$ily, t!e neer-endin( @*estions o' H!o ate t!e last ol o'

oney-*t C!eeriosTI, H!o ied toot!aste on t!e "o*nterTI, and H!o *t $y ne seater

in t!e dryerTI are alays a$on( t!e $ost nere-ra"#in( Conse@*ently, li#e any ot!er (ro* o'

nor$al !*$an ein(s, e 'ind ays to reliee t!e eeryday stress arU

Dialogue

Anot!er ay to (et a readers attention is to *se dialo(*e t!at ill interest yo*r reader and lead

to t!e oint yo* ant to $a#e !en yo* *se dialo(*e, yo* indent ea"! ti$e anot!er erson saysso$et!in( ere is a sa$le introd*"tion t!at in"l*des dialo(*eB

H.i#e, o! $y (os!U es li#e sooo "*teUI

HKea!, and t!ose le(sUI

Ht says ri(!t on t!e ta(, %ry "lean onlyI

oe, t!ese days t!e ea"! seres as a teena(ers "oolest !an(o*t

24


30/65

Startling *nformation

Anot!er ay to (et a readers attention is to *se startlin( in'or$ation t!at ill interest yo*rreader and lead to t!e oint yo* ant to $a#e ere is a sa$le introd*"tion t!at in"l*des a

startlin( oenerB

>ts alieU !is 70-so$et!in( a"re ie"e o' land t!at *sed to e a orin(, !illy dirt and

(rass ile !as "o$e to li'e it! liely yo*n( odies and sta'' $e$ers !o ill "!an(e t!e

"o$$*nity 'or t!e etter e !ae aited a lon( ti$e 'or East Side i(! S"!ool to oen and no

e are o'' and r*nnin( to a onder'*l '*t*re

All Commentar)

Anot!er ay to (et a readers attention is to rite an all-"o$$entary introd*"tion t!at illinterest yo*r reader and lead to t!e oint yo* ant to $a#e ere is a sa$le introd*"tion t!at is

all "o$$entaryB

>t !as een $any years sin"e $y 'a$ily !as t!e riile(e o' e"o$in( yet anot!er

dior"e-stri"#en statisti" > "annot een e(in to re"oer any o' t!e road details lost in t!e noo#s

and "rannies o' $y $ind t!at "on"ern li'e it! $y 'at!er Sae t!e in're@*ent C!rist$as isits, !e

as an alien to $e-not @*ite an intr*der in $y li'e, *t $ore li#e an inter$ittent isitor !en, si)

years a(o, !en > as ten, t!e ann*al Hre*nionsI ended


31/65

*ntroduction E,ample

!e 'olloin( are e)a$le introd*"tions 'ro$ st*dents in (rades 9-12 So$e o' t!e$ 'ollo t!et!ree-senten"e layo*t, *t yo* ill see ot!ers !ere t!e st*dent le't t!e 'or$at s*""ess'*lly

5rade ineB

;riends!i and loneliness are ot! el"o$e and *nel"o$e ase"ts o' li'e Peole need

to e "lose to ot!ers and es"ae t!e e$ty 'eelin( t!at "an lead to deression >n t is !*$an nat*re to ta#e !at yo* "an !en yo* "an at t!e

e)ense o' ot!ers >t is '*nny !o leaders t!at eole loo# * to "an e so "orr*t and

!yo"riti"al

HC!ildren are $eant to e seen and not !eardI !is is a "o$$on elie' in t!e a*stere

Vi"torian A(e C!ildren li#e Ali"e in Ali"e in onderland, "on'*sed and *n#noin(, ere $ade

to oey and eliee eeryt!in( t!ey !eard >n t!e sa$e ay, ad*lts in onderland tried in eery

ay t!ey "o*ld to sti'le Ali"es t!o*(!ts and #ee !er 'ro$ (roin( *

>n eery e)erien"e, t!ere is so$et!in( to e learned-so$et!in( to e *sed to '*rt!er

e)tend t!e aility to lie li'e Antonia S!i$erda in /y Antonia, alt!o*(! not ealt!y or o*lar,

led a ri"! li'e '*ll o' #noled(e e"a*se o' eeryt!in( t!at !aened to !er S!e o*ld neer e a

(reat s"!olar or a ro'essor, *t Antonia #ne $ore t!an anyone ao*t li'e, are"iation, and

loe

5rade enB

HQi' a erson really ants to #no, t!en !e ill listen and see and e atient

noled(e "o$es slolyQI !is as Dlti$as lesson to ei(!t-year-old ony /are+ in less/e, Dlti$a noled(e as ery i$ortant to t!is oy 'or it $eant $at*rity !ere "a$e a ti$e

!en ony as 'inally $at*re in "!ara"ter, !en !e !ad learned t!is lesson oeer, t!is ti$e

did not "o$e it!o*t years o' @*estionin( and in'l*en"e 'ro$ !is 'riends, !is 'a$ily, !is reli(ion,

and t!e $a(i" o' Dlti$a

26


32/65


33/65

Transition

ransitions are ord rid(es t!at add to t!e s$oot!ness o' an essay it!o*t t!e$, ritin( o'ten

'eels "!oy

!e standard dei"es $*st aear in t!e 'olloin( la"es in ody ara(ra!s 'or t!e trainin(essaysB

Senten"e O2 starts it! For e'am$le9

Senten"e O starts it! 4n addition9

e e)and t!e list a'ter t!e trainin( essays to in"l*de t!e 'olloin(B

Conse:uently9

3!en so9

For e'am$le9

Furthermore9

4n addition9

4n fact9

Moreo!er9

Of course9

On the other hand9

till9

Therefore

28


34/65

Thesis Statement

A ell-ritten t!esis state$ent in"l*des t!e 'olloin(B a se"i'i" toi", a ias 'or t!at toi", andan ar(*ale reason 'or t!e stan"e on t!at toi" >t is not a 'a"t *t a se"i'i" state$ent t!at is

lo(i"ally ar(*ale 'ro$ eit!er side !e t!esis state$ent, a sin(le senten"e, aears at t!e end o'

t!e introd*"tory ara(ra! and e"o$es t!e 'o*ndation o' t!e essay

1 A strong thesis statement is not a fact< it ta$es a firm stand on a topic and ma$es alogical argument for that choice3

Statement of 1act

!e $edia !as in'iltrated o*r eeryday lies

eneral Thesis Statement

odays $edia $essa(es $ani*late yo*t! into $a#in( $indless "!oi"es ased loosely

on 'a"ts d*e to ea# analyti"al s#ills

2 A strong thesis statement uses precise "ocabular) to accuratel) con"e) intent andclearl) focuses on a specific bias for the chosen topic and the reason for that stance3

5road Statement

odays $edia $essa(es $ani*late yo*t! into $a#in( $indless *r"!ases, !i"! areased loosely on 'a"ts, d*e to ea# analyti"al s#ills

Strong Thesis Statement

!e latest "ell*lar "o$$*ni"ation innoations $ani*late adoles"ents, t!ro*(! "are'*llydesi(ned adertise$ents, to $a#e rod*"t "!oi"es ased on ro$ises o' in"reased so"ial

stat*s in order to in"rease sales o' $er"!andise

29


35/65

Concrete Detail

!ere are t!ree ays to str*"t*re "on"rete detail in a literat*re-ased essay All t!e e)a$les areta#en 'ro$


36/65

" Ko* $ay alter a @*ote 'or "larity y la"in( t!e "!an(e in ra"#ets

' yo* o$it $aterial in order to e "on"ise, $ar# t!e o$ission it! t!ree eriod"alled an elli$sis: it! a sa"e eteen ea"! : Ko* do not need to *se t!ese

at t!e e(innin( and end o' yo*r @*otations >t is *nderstood t!at yo* are ta#in(

assa(es 'ro$ a lon(er or#


37/65

Commentar)

1 Co$$entary $eans yo*r oinion, interretation, insi(!t, analysis, ersonal resonse,'eelin(s yo*r on in a ersonal aer, a "!ara"ters 'eelin(s in a literat*re aer:,

eal*ation, e)li"ation, and re'le"tion ao*t a "on"rete detail in an essay !en yo* rite

"o$$entary, yo* are H"o$$entin( onI a oint yo* !ae $ade Co$$entary e"!oes t!e'o"*s in yo*r t!esis and toi" senten"es

Co$$entary is a di''i"*lt s#ill to $aster e"a*se all t!e t!o*(!ts $*st "o$e 'ro$ yo*Ko*r tea"!er ill not s*ly t!e in'or$ation yo* ill need to rite "o$$entary >t is *

to yo* to t!in# o' so$e ori(inal state$ents to $a#e ao*t yo*r "on"rete details

2 o s!o yo* !at "o$$entary so*nds li#e, read t!e 'olloin( ara(ra! t!at des"riesan e)erien"e !is ara(ra! !as a toi" senten"e, t!ree senten"es o' "on"rete details,

and a "on"l*din( senten"e >t !as "o$$entary in senten"es O1 and O *nderlined: *t

not in senten"es O2, O3, or O4

1%riin( in t!e 'o( to Sa"ra$ento as a 'ri(!tenin( e)erien"e 2;or e)a$le, no si(ns

ere isile 'ro$ t!e 'reeay, so > "o*ld not see i' t!ere ere any (as stations neary to 'ill $y

near-e$ty tan# 3>n addition, it as 12B00 noon and t!e 'o( as so t!i"# t!at > "o*ld not read t!e

e)it si(ns *ntil > started assin( t!e$ 4;*rt!er$ore, a oli"e "ar s*ddenly aeared a!ead and

droe at 'orty $iles er !o*r 'or t!e ne)t t!irty $in*tes and none o' *s ere alloed to ass !i$

!en > 'inally rea"!ed Sa"ra$ento t!at day, a (reat sense o' relie' er$eated $y ody and

$ind

*rn t!e a(e to see t!e sa$e ara(ra! it! "o$$entary added inside t!e ara(ra!

32


38/65

3 !e ara(ra! elo is a reritten ersion o' t!e one on t!e reio*s a(e >t !as

"o$$entary senten"es inserted a'ter ea"! senten"e o' "on"rete detail !e "o$$entary is

*nderlined

1%riin( in t!e 'o( to Sa"ra$ento as a 'ri(!tenin( e)erien"e 2;or e)a$le, no si(ns

ere isile 'ro$ t!e 'reeay, so > "o*ld not see i' t!ere ere any (as stations neary to 'ill $y

near-e$ty tan# 3> ani"#ed at t!e t!o*(!t o' ein( stranded alone in a stran(e la"e 4> #et

!oin( to see a station $ateriali+e in t!e 'o( and 'elt in"aale o' $a#in( a de"ision >n addition,

it as 12B00 noon and t!e 'o( as so t!i"# t!at > "o*ld not read t!e e)it si(ns *ntil > started

assin( t!e$ 6> reali+ed > !ad drien on 'or !o*rs, dreadin( t!e neer-endin( l*rrin( lines on

t!e !ori+on 7> as a'raid t!at t!e eat!er o*ld neer li't and let $e (et a"# on s"!ed*le

8;*rt!er$ore, a oli"e "ar s*ddenly aeared a!ead and droe at 'orty $iles er !o*r 'or t!e ne)t

t!irty $in*tes and none o' *s ere alloed to ass !i$ 9>t as as t!o*(! an inisile 'or"e 'ield

!ad een t!ron * e!ind t!e atrol "ar 10o one 'elt rae eno*(! to dare (oin( aro*nd !i$

and so e lin(ered e!ind 'or !at see$ed li#e !o*rs 11!en > 'inally rea"!ed Sa"ra$ento t!at

day, a (reat sense o' relie' er$eated $y ody and $ind

4 !e ori(inal senten"es are still t!ere, *t e !ae added "o$$entary a'ter ea"! "on"rete

detail Ko* ill noti"e t!at 'or eery senten"e o' "on"rete detail, t!ere are to senten"eso' "o$$entary

!e ratio o' "on"rete detail to "o$$entary C%BC/: is ery i$ortant >t is 1B2 erite it as

CD:C.

%:&?

ere is anot!er e)a$le o' a ara(ra! t!at !as "o$$entary in t!e 'irst and lastsenten"es *t not in t!e $iddle !e "o$$entary is *nderlined

33


39/65

1Sat*rday $ornin( "artoons are o'ten "riti"i+ed y *li" o''i"ials e"a*se o' t!eir

iolen"e and t!e$es 2;or e)a$le, "riti"s des"rie "oyotes ?*$in( o'' "li''s, do(s and "ats

la"#enin( ea"! ot!ers eyes, and /artians lannin( to destroy Eart! 3>n addition, t!ese sa$e

ani$als try to "at*re irds, "arrots, or territory 4;*rt!er$ore, !en t!e 'i(!ts are oer, t!ese

sa$e ani$als (et 'ood, toys, or "andy as a reard 'or t!eir e!aior C!ildrens ro(ra$$in(

needs to e "!an(ed to aoid t!e $essa(es t!at do not!in( *t !ar$ t!ose !o at"! t!e$ eery

ee#

6 !e ara(ra! elo is a reritten ersion o' t!e one aoe >t !as "o$$entarysenten"es inserted a'ter ea"! senten"e o' "on"rete detail !e "o$$entary is *nderlined

1Sat*rday $ornin( "artoons are o'ten "riti"i+ed y *li" o''i"ials e"a*se o' t!eir

iolen"e and t!e$es 2;or e)a$le, "riti"s des"rie "oyotes ?*$in( o'' "li''s, do(s and "ats

la"#enin( ea"! ot!ers eyes, and /artians lannin( to destroy Eart! 3!is iolen"e $ay e

realisti", *t t!ere is no a""o$anyin( realisti" lood, ain, or $*tilation 4!ese s"enes

e$!asi+e destr*"tion and innin( t!ro*(! !ysi"al !ar$ to ot!ers >n addition, t!ese sa$e

ani$als try to "at*re irds, "arrots, or territory 6!e t!e$e o' t!ese a"tions-(reed and

sel'is!ness-is not aroriate 'or yo*n( "!ildren 7!e ron( al*es are en"o*ra(ed and "!ildren

do not see any e)a$les o' ea"e'*l resol*tion to role$s 8;*rt!er$ore, !en t!e 'i(!ts are

oer, t!ese sa$e ani$als (et 'ood, toys, or "andy as a reard 'or t!eir e!aior 9!e idea t!at

s!oin( (reed or in'li"tin( ain is rearded in any ay, lar(e or s$all, is a s*tly distaste'*l

$essa(e 10>' "!ildren see t!is e!aior ein( s*""ess'*l on teleision, t!ey !ae no reason not to

try it t!e$seles 11C!ildrens ro(ra$$in( needs to e "!an(ed to aoid t!e $essa(es t!at do

not!in( *t !ar$ t!ose !o at"! t!e$ eery ee#

Commentar) .ista$es

34


40/65

So$e st*dents $ay !ae one or $ore o' t!e 'olloin( role$s !en t!ey rite "o$$entary

e are in"l*din( to se"tionsB one 'or $ista#es in literat*re "o$$entary and a se"ond 'or

$ista#es in ersonal "o$$entary !e literat*re "o$$entary sa$les are ta#en 'ro$ ra"ti"eson t!e s!ort story, H!e S"arlet >isI

1 Commentar) is generic:1rot!er as "r*el to %oodle !en !e as (roin( * 2;or e)a$le, !e $ade !i$ to*"!

t!e "o''in in t!e lo't 3!is as $ean o' !i$ 4e as not ein( ery ni"e

5etter:

1rot!er as "r*el to %oodle !en !e as (roin( * 2;or e)a$le, !e $ade !i$ to*"!

t!e "o''in in t!e lo't 3e did not "are ao*t !*rtin( %oodles 'eelin(s y 'or"in( !i$ to 'a"e a

sy$ol o' !is on deat! 4All !e "ared ao*t as not 'eelin( as!a$ed o' an inalid rot!er

2 Commentar) drifts from the topic sentence:1rot!er as "r*el to %oodle !en !e as (roin( * 2;or e)a$le, !e $ade !i$ to*"!

t!e "o''in in t!e lo't 3!is as $ean o' !i$ 4!e "o''in as not een *sed

5etter:


t!e "o''in in t!e lo't 3!is as $ean o' !i$ 4e anted to terrori+e %oodle y $a#in( !i$

reali+e !e as not s*osed to lie

3 Commentar) is reall) concrete detail:


t!e "o''in in t!e lo't 3!ey ere in t!e arn !en !e to*"!ed it 4!e arents !ad #et t!e "o''in

een t!o*(! t!ey did not need it

5etter:


t!e "o''in in t!e lo't 3e did not "are ao*t !*rtin( %oodles 'eelin(s y 'or"in( !i$ to 'a"e s*"!

a sy$ol o' !is on deat! 4All !e "ared ao*t as not ein( as!a$ed o' an inalid rot!er

3


41/65

Conclusion

!e "on"l*sion is t!e last ara(ra! in t!e essay >t is all "o$$entary, does not in"l*de "on"retedetail, does not reeat #ey ords 'ro$ t!e aer and ese"ially not 'ro$ t!e t!esis and

introd*"tory ara(ra!, and (ies a 'inis!ed 'eelin( to t!e !ole essay >t $ay s*$ * t!e

riters ideas, re'le"t on !at is said in t!e aer, or (ie a ersonal state$ent ao*t t!e s*?e"t


42/65

Peer +esponse

; Paragraph Essa)

/y a$eB

riters a$eB

Essay itleB

*; !e essay s!o*ld !ae ara(ra!sB t!e introd*"tion, 3 ody ara(ra!s, and a

"on"l*sion Ea"! one e(ins it! t!e 'irst line indented !ere are no s#iin( lines

eteen ara(ra!s

o $any ara(ra!s does t!is essay !aeT >s ea"! ara(ra! indentedT

%oes t!e riter s#i lines eteen ara(ra!sT

%o yo* need to 'i) anyt!in( ao*t t!e !ysi"al str*"t*re o' t!e ara(ra!s in t!is essayT

>' yes, !atT

-; Read t!e entire essay Cross o*t t!e 'olloin( ords and !rases *nless *sed in a dire"t

@*otation:B any contraction9 you9 your9 yours9 1e9 us9 our9 4 think9 4 feel9 4 belie!e9 in my

o$inion9 in conclusion9 1ould9 should9 could9 may9 might9 49 me9 my;


43/65

>; ;ill in t!e 'olloin( in'or$ation ao*t ea"! ara(ra!B

>ntrod*"tion oo#T ransitionT !esisT%oes t!e transition in"l*de t!e a*t!or and titleT

%oes t!e t!esis "learly state !at ill e dis"*ssedT

!at is itT

%oes t!e a*t!or need to 'i) anyt!in(T >' yes, !atT

ody Para(ra! O1 ST C%BC/ 1B2:T CST%oes S in"l*de all arts o' t!e ody ara(ra!T

o $any C%BC/T

>s at least one C% a dire"t @*otationT

%o yo* need to 'i) anyt!in(T >' yes, !atT

ody Para(ra! O2 ST C%BC/ 1B2:T CST

%oes S in"l*de all arts o' t!e ody ara(ra!T o $any C%BC/T




o $any C%BC/T



Con"l*sion Re-state t!esisT ransitionT 5enerali+ationT!e "on"l*sion s!o*ld rin( "los*re to t!e essay and re'le"t t!e ideas in t!e t!esis %o

yo* need to 'i) anyt!in(T >' yes, !atT

?; o (o a"# to t!e introd*"tion and "oy t!e t!esis !ereB

as t!is roen in t!e essayT oT State se"i'i" la"es or s*$$ari+e:

>' not, !o "an t!is essay e reised to roe t!e t!esis $ore "learlyT

5rade t!is essay a""ordin( to t!e rite raits 6 Point R*ri" 'orB

>deas


44/65

Self +esponse

; Paragraph Essa)

/y a$eB

Essay itleB

1 !e essay s!o*ld !ae ara(ra!sB t!e introd*"tion, 3 ody ara(ra!s, and a

"on"l*sion Ea"! one e(ins it! t!e 'irst line indented !ere are no s#iin( lineseteen ara(ra!s

o $any ara(ra!s does t!is essay !aeT >s ea"! ara(ra! indentedT

%o yo* s#i lines eteen ara(ra!sT %o yo* need to 'i) anyt!in( ao*t t!e !ysi"al str*"t*re o' t!e ara(ra!s in t!is essayT

>' yes, !atT

2 Read t!e entire essay Cross o*t t!e 'olloin( ords and !rases *nless *sed in a dire"t@*otation:B any contraction9 you9 your9 yours9 1e9 us9 our9 4 think9 4 feel9 4 belie!e9 in my

o$inion9 in conclusion9 1ould9 should9 could9 may9 might9 49 me9 my; %elete all o' t!ese

ords and !rases and reor# yo*r senten"es

3 Read t!e entire 'irst dra't a(ain C!e"# sellin(, (ra$$ar, and *n"t*ation ;i) anyt!in(

t!at is ron(

4 Dsin( a !i(!li(!ter, indi"ate and n*$er all "on"rete details !e test is t!isB Co*ld yo*

(o a"# and 'ind t!e in'or$ation in t!e oo#T:

o $any "on"rete details are !i(!li(!ted er ody ara(ra!T

!ere s!o*ld e 3:

%oes ea"! "on"rete detail !ae a "orre"t a(e "itationT ;i) any t!at are ron(

Cir"le and "onne"t reeated #ey ords !is is also "alled circle6and6line: o "ross

o*t t!e reeats and reor# yo*r senten"es Dse a t!esa*r*s i' ne"essary

39


45/65

6 ;ill in t!e 'olloin( in'or$ation ao*t ea"! ara(ra!B

>ntrod*"tion oo#T ransitionT !esisT%oes t!e transition in"l*de t!e a*t!or and titleT

%oes t!e t!esis "learly state !at ill e dis"*ssedT

!at is itT



o $any C%BC/T



ody Para(ra! O2 ST C%BC/ 1B2:T CST

%oes S in"l*de all arts o' t!e ody ara(ra!T o $any C%BC/T




o $any C%BC/T



Con"l*sion Re-state t!esisT ransitionT 5enerali+ationT!e "on"l*sion s!o*ld rin( "los*re to t!e essay and re'le"t t!e ideas in t!e t!esis %o

yo* need to 'i) anyt!in(T >' yes, !atT

7 o (o a"# to t!e introd*"tion and "oy t!e t!esis !ereB

as t!is roen in t!e essayT

>' not, !o "an t!is essay e reised to roe t!e t!esis $ore "learlyT

5rade t!is essay a""ordin( to t!e rite raits 6 Point R*ri" 'orB

>deas


46/65

Write Traits @9Point +ubric

Points *deas -rganiation Voice Word Choice Sentence 1luenc) Con"entions

@

Clear, 'o"*sed,

"o$ellin(, !olds

readers attention

Stri#in( insi(!t, in-

det! *nderstandin( o'

toi"

a#es reader on a

?o*rney o'*nderstandin(

Satis'yin(ly ri"!

it! si(ni'i"ant,

intri(*in( details

!o*(!t'*l str*"t*re

(*ides reader t!ro*(!

te)t

%esi(n is s$oot!ly

e$edded in te)t-neer

too oio*s

Satis'yin(, ell

"ra'ted transitions Str*"t*re en!an"es

*nderstandin(,

en?oy$ent o' toi"

Dn'or(ettale

oenin( enli(!tenin(,

roo"atie "on"l*sion

As indiid*al

'in(errints

e(s to e read

alo*d-yo* "annot ait

to s!are it

Passionate,

"o$ellin(-*t neer

oerdone Dses tone, 'laor as a

tool to en!an"e $eanin(

o*(! to *t don-

!olds readers enrat

Ko* ant to read i t

$ore t!an on"e

Dses eeryday

lan(*a(e in ori(inal

ays-eery ord "arries

its on ei(!t

Ko* is! yo* !ad

ritten it Poer'*l st*nnin(

ers

Pre"ise deli(!t'*l,

t!oro*(!ly ori(inal-

@*otale in sots

Easy to read it!

in'le"tion to rin( o*t

eery o*n"e o' $eanin(

Virt*ally eery ord

e(ins di''erently

>n'or$ational

ritin(-"ris and to t!e

oint Creatie, ersonal

ritin( lyri"al, oeti",

$*si"al

Sin(s, dan"es alon(

li#e a liely s"rit

Ko* !ae to !ear it to

are"iate it-Ko* o*ld

li#e to !ear it $ore t!an

on"e

denti'iale $ain

toi" t!esis storyline

N*ality detail

o*tei(!s (eneralities,

'ilter


47/65

e'ore *li"ation

'

Clear, 'o"*sed

$o$ents oers!adoed

y '*++y,

*nderdeeloed,

ra$lin( te)t

/ain "on"et, t!esis,

storyline "an still ein'erred it! "are'*l

readin(

5eneralities and

'iller o*tei(! @*ality

detail

So$e o*t o' la"e

in'or$ation needs

reorderin(

Rereadin( so$eti$es

re@*ired to 'ollo

t!o*(!t or storyline

.ead and "on"l*sionatte$ted-one or ot!

need or#

ransitions o'ten

*n"lear or $issin(

;*n"tional, o'ten

sin"ere-t!o*(!

so$eti$es distant


48/65


49/65

Senior Proect

+esearch Paper +e4uirements

Ea"! En(lis! "lass ill ad?*st t!ese a""ordin( to indiid*al assi(n$ents 'or ea"! (rade leel y

senior year, all senior ro?e"t aers ill e ritten a""ordin( to t!e 'olloin( (*idelinesB

All papers:

/ini$*$ o' 7: note "ards yed o*tline 7-10 a(es in len(t!

/ini$*$ o' : so*r"esB

At least 2: 'ro$ te)ts

At least 2: 'ro$ internet

An interie

/.A

12 oint, i$es e Ro$an 'ont

%o*le-sa"ed

44


50/65

+esearch Source Cards and !ote Cards

E''e"tie note ta#in( t!ro*(!o*t t!e resear"! ro"ess ens*res a*t!enti" do"*$entation o'in'or$ation, aoids la(iaris$, and $ini$i+es "on'*sion and stress !en ritin( t!e resear"!

aer and or#s Cited a(e

Source Cards:

;or ea"! ne so*r"e, "reate a searate note "ard t!at in"l*des all releant ilio(ra!i"

in'or$ation all titles, a*t!ors, *lis!er, a(e n*$ers, dates, et" needed 'or t!e or#sCited a(e: !e PVS lirary !as or#s!eets online and in t!e lirary to !el yo* it!

lo"atin( t!e in'or$ation yo* ill need

ee in $ind t!e di''erent in'or$ation re@*ired 'or ario*s #inds o' so*r"esU

*$er ea"! so*r"e "ard in t!e *er, ri(!t-!and "orner ;or any @*otation or 'a"t ta#en

'ro$ t!at arti"*lar so*r"e, rite t!e "orresondin( so*r"e n*$er on t!e note "ards

*er, ri(!t-!and "orner

!ote Cards: P*t one @*otation, statisti", or ara!rase er note "ard

>ndi"ate t!e n*$er o' t!e so*r"e in t!e *er, ri(!t-!and "orner o' t!e "ard D- !-T

+E9W+*TE S->+CE *!1-+.AT*-! A!BWHE+E -! THE !-TE CA+D3 !is

is a aste o' ti$e and ener(y as yo* already !ae t!at in'or$ation on yo*r so*r"e "ards

5e sure to include 4uotation mar$s if )ou are lifting a phrase or passage "erbatim3

!en ritin( yo*r aer, yo* $ay "!oose to ara!rase t!at @*otation, *t yo* ill still

need to internally do"*$ent t!at so*r"eU

Corres$onding

source card

number

1

Siler, .ee / Re$a#in( EdenB Clonin(

and eyond in a rae e orld

e Kor#B Aon, 1997

4H>n t!e state$ent, t!e !ite o*se said President

*s! !as a(reed to in"rease to 100 er"ent 'ro$

7 er"ent dire"t 'ederal aid 'or disaster seri"es

in all 2 ;lorida "o*nties t!at !ae een de"lared

disaster areas e"a*se o' *rri"ane C!arley and

roi"al Stor$ onnieI 118:

4


51/65

-rganiation Structure for 1inal -utline

> !esis senten"e>> oi" senten"e 'or $ain oint O1

A S*ort resear"!G"on"rete detail:

1 Co$$entary2 Co$$entary

S*ort


>>> oi" senten"e 'or $ain oint O2

A S*ort resear"!G"on"rete detail:


S*ort

1 Co$$entary

2 Co$$entary>V oi" senten"e 'or $ain oint O3

A S*ort resear"!G"on"rete detail:1 Co$$entary

2 Co$$entary

S*ort1 Co$$entary

2 Co$$entary

V oi" senten"e 'or $ain oint O4

A S*ort resear"!G"on"rete detail:1 Co$$entary

2 Co$$entary

S*ort1 Co$$entary

2 Co$$entary

V> oi" senten"e 'or $ain oint OA S*ort resear"!G"on"rete detail:

1 Co$$entary

2 Co$$entary

S*ort1 Co$$entary

2 Co$$entary

V>> Con"l*din( senten"e


52/65

.LA .anuscript 1ormat

!e 'olloin( (*idelines are "onsistent it! adi"e (ien in t!e MLA "andbook for Writers ofResearch 0a$ers96t! ed e Kor#B /.A, 2003:

1-+.ATT*! THE PAPE+Paers ritten in /.A style s!o*ld e 'or$atted as 'ollos

.aterials

Dse (ood-@*ality 8JI ) 11I !ite aer

Title and *dentification

/.A does not re@*ire a title a(e ndent t!e 'irst line o' ea"! ara(ra! one-!al' in"! or 'ie sa"es: 'ro$ t!e le't $ar(in

Long =uotations

!en a @*otation is lon(er t!an 'o*r tyed lines o' rose or t!ree lines o' erse, set it o'' 'ro$

t!e te)t y indentin( t!e entire @*otation one in"! or ten sa"es: 'ro$ t!e le't $ar(in %o*le-

sa"e t!e indented @*otation, and dont add e)tra sa"e aoe or elo it

N*otation $ar#s are not needed !en a @*otation !as een set o'' 'ro$ t!e te)t y indentin(

Web Addresses

!en a e address DR.: $entioned in t!e te)t o' yo*r aer $*st e diided at t!e end o' a

line, do not insert a !y!en a !y!en "o*ld aear to e art o' t!e address:


53/65

Visuals

/.A "lassi'ies is*als as tales and 'i(*res 'i(*res in"l*de (ra!s, "!arts, $as, !oto(ra!s,

and drain(s .ael ea"! tale it! an Arai" n*$eral ale 1, ale 2, and so on: and roidea "lear "ation t!at identi'ies t!e s*?e"t !e lael and "ation s!o*ld aear on searate lines

aoe t!e tale, 'l*s! le't elo t!e tale, (ie its so*r"e in a "itation

;or ea"! 'i(*re, la"e a lael and a "ation elo t!e 'i(*re, 'l*s! le't, sin(le-sa"ed !ey need

not to aear on searate lines !e ord H;i(*reI $ay e areiated to H;i(I >n"l*de so*r"e

in'or$ation 'olloin( t!e "ation

Pla"e t!e is*al as "lose as ossile to t!e senten"es t!at relate to it *nless yo*r tea"!er re'ers it

in an aendi)

P+EPA+*! THE L*ST -1 W-+2S C*TED

e(in t!e list o' or#s "ited on a ne a(e at t!e end o' t!e aer Center t!e title or#s Cited

one in"! 'ro$ t!e to o' t!e a(e %o*le-sa"e t!ro*(!o*t

Alphabetiing the List

Al!aeti+e t!e list y t!e last na$es o' t!e a*t!ors or editors: i' t!e or# !as no a*t!or oreditor, al!aeti+e y t!e 'irst ord o' t!e title ot!er t!an A, An, or !e

>' yo*r list in"l*des to or $ore or#s y t!e sa$e a*t!or, *se t!e a*t!ors na$e only 'or t!e

'irst entry ;or s*se@*ent entries *se t!ree !y!ens 'olloed y a eriod .ist t!e titles inal!aeti"al order

*ndenting

ye t!e 'irst line o' an entry 'l*s! le't and indent any additional lines one-!al' in"! or 'ie

sa"es:

Web Addresses

!en a DR. $*st e diided, rea# it a'ter a slas! or e'ore a eriod %o not insert a !y!en

Also, insert an(le ra"#ets aro*nd t!e DR.

>' yo*r ord ro"essin( ro(ra$ a*to$ati"ally t*rns e addresses into !ot lin#s y

*nderlinin( t!e$ and !i(!li(!tin( t!e$ in "olor:, t*rn o'' t!is 'eat*re


54/65

.LA Documentation

5--2S

5oo$ b) -ne Author

/"Cor#er, ;ran# Story$a#in( and /yt!tellin(B Co$i" .iterary and ;il$ >$a(es

e Kor#B


55/65

Wor$ in an Antholog)

%esai, Anita HS"!olar and 5ysyI !e


56/65

A+T*CLES *! PE+*-D*CALS

Articles in a Dail) !e#spaper

Clinton, Pa*l, and S!elly .ea"!$an Hindo on t!e orldB C!inese e)"!an(e tea"!er,

Penins*la *ils learn 'ro$ one anot!erI %aily ree+e orran"e, CAW /ar 2007B

A4

5reeley, Andre Hodays /orality PlayB !e Sit"o$I e Kor# i$es 17 /ay 1987,

late ed, se" 2B 1

Article in a .onthl) or 5imonthl) .againe

;ay, & /i"!ael H.and o' t!e S*r'in( iosI ational 5eo(ra!i" A*( 2004B 100

Article in a Wee$l) or 5i#ee$l) .againe

&ones, /al"ol$ H


57/65

.*SCELLA!E->S P+*!T A!D !-!P+*!T S->+CES

1ilm

illia$ S!a#eseares Ro$eo &*lietB Se"ial Edition %ir a+ .*!r$ann Per' .eonardo

%iCario and Claire %anes %V% 20t!

Cent*ry ;o) o$e Entertain$ent, 1996

+adio or Tele"ision Program

H/on#ey rialI A$eri"an E)erien"e PS 5, oston 18 /ar 2003

Performance

i"#ed y /ar" Platt, &on Platt, and %aid Stone %ir &oe /antello Per' Eden Esinosa

and /e(an ilty 5ers!in !eatre, e Kor# 6 Ar 2006

+ecording

Presley, Elis ElisB Via .as Ve(as RCA, 2007

Wor$ of Art

Van 5o(!, Vin"ent >rises !e 5etty Center, .os An(eles

*nter"ie#s

%*n"an Sa"!a E$ail interie 30 /ay 2007

%*n"an, Sa"!a Personal interie 30 /ay 2007

%*n"an, Sa"!a ele!one interie 30 /ay 2007

Cartoon or Ad"ertisement

Eans, 5re( Cartoon %aily ree+e orran"e, CAW 19 /ar 200B 6


58/65


59/65

.LA *n9Te,t Parenthetical Documentation

5asic 1orms

Page number onl), !en a*t!orGor# "ited is eident 'ro$ "onte)t

Qi$ortan"e o' str*"t*re 23:

Author ? Page, !en a*t!oror# needs to e identi'ied

Qi$ortan"e o' str*"t*re 5*llans 23:

Author ? Title ? Page, !en or# is not identi'ied in te)t Aoid t!is tye y identi'yin(

in te)t i' at all ossile Dse only to distin(*is! to oo#sGarti"les y t!e sa$e a*t!or

Qi$ortan"e o' str*"t*re 5*llans, Poeti" ;or$ 23:

ased onB /.A andoo# 'or riters o' Resear"! Paers, 6t!ed

Also note:>' t!ere is any $issin( in'or$ationB

n o la"e o' *li"ation (ien n o *lis!er (ien

nd o date o' *li"ation (ien

na( o a(ination (ien


60/65

!esis ansers

resear"! @*estion

Sample .LA Paper

%aly 1

An(ela %aly

/s %*n"an

En(lis! 4A, Period 1

9 &an*ary 200

A Call to A"tionB Re(*late Dse o' Cell P!ones on t!e Road

!en a "ell !one (oes o'' in a "lassroo$ or at a "on"ert, e are irritated, *t at least o*r

lies are not endan(ered !en e are on t!e road, !oeer, irresonsile "ell !one *sers are

$ore t!an irritatin(B !ey are *ttin( o*r lies at ris# /any o' *s !ae itnessed driers so

distra"ted y dialin( and "!attin( t!at t!ey rese$le dr*n# driers, eain( eteen lanes, 'or

e)a$le, or nearly r*nnin( don edestrians in "rossal#s A n*$er o' ills to re(*late *se o'

"ell !ones on t!e road !ae een introd*"ed in state le(islat*res, and t!e ti$e !as "o$e to *s!

'or t!eir assa(e Re(*lation is needed e"a*se driers *sin( !ones are serio*sly

i$aired and e"a*se las on ne(li(ent and re"#less driin( are not s*''i"ient to *nis!

o''enders

o one "an deny t!at "ell !ones !ae "a*sed tra''i" deat!s and in?*ries Cell !ones

ere i$li"ated in t!ree 'atal a""idents in oe$er 1999 alone Early in oe$er, a drier

distra"ted y !is "ell !one #illed to-year-old /or(an Pena /or(ans $ot!er, Patti Pena,

reorts t!at t!e drier Hran a sto si(n at 4 $!, road sided $y e!i"le and #illed /or(an as

s!e sat in !er "ar seatI A ee# later,

itle is "entered

oo# to "at"!

readers attention

Dse a "lear

toi"

Si(nal !rase na$est!e a*t!or o' t!e

@*otation to 'ollo

o a(e n*$er is

aailale 'or t!is e

so*r"e


61/65

%aly 2

"orre"tions o''i"er S!annon S$it!, !o as (*ardin( risoners y t!e side o' t!e road, as

#illed y a o$an distra"ted y a !one "all est!o'':


62/65

%aly 7

or#s Cited

est!o'', .en HCell P!one Dse >n"reases Ris# o' A""idents, *t Dsers illin( to a#e

t!e Ris#I RA. ns*ran"e 5ro* 8 /ay 2000 12 &an 2001

Y!ttBGG'ar$ersins*ran"e"o$Gnes"ell!ones!t$lZ

.ayton, .yndsey H.e(islators Ai$in( to %is"onne"t /otoristsI as!in(ton Post 10

%e" 2000B C1

Pena, Patri"ia HPatti Penas .etter to Car al#I Cars"o$ Car al# 10 &an 2001

Y!ttBGG"artal#"ars"o$GAo*tG /or(an-PenaGletter!t$lZ

Redel$eier, %onald A, and Roert & is!irani HAsso"iation eteen Cell*lar

ele!one Calls and /otor Ve!i"le CollisionsI e En(land &o*rnal o'

/edi"ine 336 1997:B 43-8

Sto"#ell, &a$ie HP!one Dse ;a*lted in CollisionI as!in(ton Post 6 %e" 2000B 1

eadin( is"entered

DR. is ro#en

a'ter a slas! o!y!en is*sed

.ist is

al!aeti+ed y

'irst ord o'

entry

;irst line o' ea"!

entry is at t!e le't

$ar(in e)tralinesareindented sa"esone ta in:

%o*le sa"in( is *sed

t!ro*(!o*t o n*$ers are

*sed at e(innin( o' entries


63/65

%aly 8

ilio(ra!y

est!o'', .en HCell P!one Dse >n"reases Ris# o' A""idents, *t Dsers illin( to a#e

t!e Ris#I RA. ns*ran"e 5ro* 8 /ay 2000 12 &an 2001

Y!ttBGG'ar$ersins*ran"e"o$Gnes"ell!ones!t$lZ

a*(!ney, C!ristine Ha#in( P!ones o*t o' %riers andsI as!in(ton Post o

2000B A8

>olito, /ilo H%riers Senten"e ot &*sti"e, /o$ SaysI Atlanta &o*rnal-Constit*tion

2 Set 1999B &1

.ayton, .yndsey H.e(islators Ai$in( to %is"onne"t /otoristsI as!in(ton Post 10

%e" 2000B C1

Pena, Patri"ia HPatti Penas .etter to Car al#I Cars"o$ Car al# 10 &an 2001

Y!ttBGG"artal#"ars"o$GAo*tG /or(an-PenaGletter!t$lZ

Redel$eier, %onald A, and Roert & is!irani HAsso"iation eteen Cell*lar

ele!one Calls and /otor Ve!i"le CollisionsI e En(land &o*rnal o'

/edi"ine 336 1997:B 43-8

S*ndeen, /att HCell P!ones and i(!ay Sa'etyB 2000 State .e(islatie DdateI

ational Con'eren"e o' State .e(islat*res %e" 2000 9 27 ;e 2001

Y!ttBGGn"slor(Gro(ra$sGesnrG"ell!oned'Z

So*r"eB %iana a"#er ostonB ed'ordGSt /artins, 2004:

Sa$e r*les aly

as listed in or#s

"ited o)es


64/65

Anti9Plagiarism Tips

Wh) should )ou documentF

So$eody ent to a lot o' tro*le to (at!er t!e in'or$ation yo* are *sin( !e a*t!or

$i(!t !ae sent $ont!s at t!e otto$ o' an o"ean ris#in( li'e and li$ oserin(

s!ar#s eGs!e $i(!t !ae sent years traelin( 'ro$ "ity to "ity to (at!er data !ateert!e "ase, re$e$er t!is erson or#ed !arder to 'ind t!e in'or$ation t!an yo* did So,

(ie "redit !ere "redit is d*e

nternet Peole "an rite anyt!in( and *t it online

%o*le-"!e"# any @*estionale or "ontroersial in'or$ation

!e $ore so*r"es yo* *se, t!e less li#ely yo* are to *se anot!er a*t!ors ords Dsin(

$ore so*r"es roides yo* it! eno*(! in'or$ation toB

1 Reali+e t!at di''erent so*r"es (ie di''erent data

2 /a#e "o$arisons and "ontrasts3 /a#e "onne"tions eteen di''erent ie"es o' in'or$ation

4 %ra yo*r on "on"l*sions

!e less resear"! in'or$ation yo* !ae, t!e less yo* ill e ale to rite ao*t yo*r

resear"! toi", and t!ere'ore, t!e $ore yo* ill 'ind yo*rsel' relyin( on anot!er a*t!or,

!i"! $ay lead yo* into la(iaris$


65/65

Document all information )ou gain from primar) and secondar) sourcesG

Pri$ary so*r"es in"l*deB

>nteries yo* "ond*"t yo*rsel' in erson, on t!e !one, and online:

S*reys yo* !ae ta#en

A s"ientists a"t*al notes

A or# o' literat*re An a*toio(ra!y

Se"ondary so*r"es in"l*deB

e)too#s

Arti"les

Re'eren"e oo#s

.iterary "riti"is$

Any ritin( dis"*ssin( any ri$ary so*r"e

An *mportant +eminder: !at is t!e re@*ired do"*$entation style 'or yo*r resear"! aerT

!at is t!e "onse@*en"e o' delierately or inadertently la(iari+in( t!is resear"! aerT

PVHS Writing Program (2009-2010)

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Transcript of PVHS Writing Program (2009-2010)