Pv system analysis
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Photovoltaic System Analysis
The following analysis was produced to predict the best photovoltaic system that would yield the
highest annual savings and the fastest return period with high performance. The energy consumption for
the building was first calculated to address the PV system size requirements. Table 1: Building
Consumption has the designated kWh/day required for this facility and the available roof area for the
solar panels.
With this information a better cost comparison was created. Table 2: Cost Analysis compares the
four distinct solar panels that have qualified for CPS rebate and have high performance. The first option
was the one UTSA has used, the second is one of the panels with the highest wattage in the market, and
the last two have the lowest price to wattage ratio. All solar panels have high performance ratings.
Moreover, Table 2 predicts the daily production of kWh/day and the PV system size for each distinct
solar panel. Table 2: Cost Analysis takes into account the prices of the panels (obtained from
http://www.affordable-solar.com). The installation cost was estimated by 411 Energy LLC, who is a
solar rebate contractor that meets the qualifications for CPS rebate by being NABCEP Certified. The
North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) is the “gold standard” for PV and
solar heating installation certification. This certification is designed to raise industry standards and
promote consumer confidence. In terms of rebate, the $100,000 comes from the CPS Energy Solar
Initiative Rebate Program. This rebate program provides tiered incentives ranging from $1.30 to $2.50
per AC watt based on the calculated expected performance of the system with a rebate of up to $100,000
for commercial installations. With this information the total cost for each system was acquired.
After estimating the system’s cost, Table 3: Financial Performance was constructed to do the
final comparison of the electric monthly bill, monthly savings, return period and price per kW. This
table was populated through the use of the result acquired from tables 4-7. The four different system’s
financial projections, see table 4-7, were constructed using the following assumptions. A 6.95 cents per
kWh current electrical cost with a 4.35% annual increase, and an annual kWh production degradation of
0.05% per year based on manufacturer’s warranty guideline. The projected kWh production was based
on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s “PV Watts" Performance Calculator. Table 4-7 have
the calculations for all four PV systems return period.
In summary, efficient option 2 (CS6P 240 Canadian Solar) has the lowest return period, lowest
cost per kW, second to the highest percentage of solar energy bill, and second to the highest monthly
savings as seen in Table 3: Financial Performance. For these reasons this will be the chosen solar panel.
The final PV system will be a 87.2 kW system with 167,935 kWh average annual production and
$14,282 average yearly savings. Additionally, a 30% tax credit will be applicable under the Federal Tax
Credits for Consumer Energy Efficiency.
Table 1: Building Consumption
Size sq. ft. 23,000.00
Building Energy Consumption kWh/day 1,474.52
Solar Panel Roof Area sq. ft. 6,300
Table 2: System Cost Analysis
1 2 3 4 5
Type UTSA Option E-20-435 Efficient Option 1 Efficient Option 2 No Solar Power
Size (kW) 84.00 117.79 86.84 87.23 -
Cost of each panel $314.12 - $342.00 $280.59 -
Cost of System $109,942.00 $ 6 per watt $104,213.13 $101,977.54 -
Cost of Installation $336,000.00 $706,718.19 $347,377.11 $348,902.11 -
Cost of Inverters, etc. $40,000.00 $40,000.00 $40,000.00
*CPS Rebate $100,000.00 $100,000.00 $100,000.00 $100,000.00 -
Total System Cost $385,942 $606,718 $391,590 $390,880 -
Comparison of the four chosen panels that qualify for the CPS rebate and outputs the total system cost.
*This estimate presumes that the local utility, CPS Energy, provides close to $100,000 as part of their renewable
energy incentive program. The actual value may differ depending on circumstances interpretation, date
restrictions, and other incentive guidelines.
Table 3: Financial Performance
Type 1
UTSA Option
2
E-20-435
3
Efficient Option 1
4
Efficient Option 2
5
No Solar Power
Total Electric Cost
monthly $2,176 $1,797 $2,147 $2,140 $3,117
Monthly Savings $941 $1,320 $971 $977 0
Return Period (yr.) 21.3 23.1 21.2 21.1
$/kW $4,594.55 $5,151.01 $4,509.11 $4,481.25
Table 4: UTSA OPTION
Year
Solar Electric Energy
Generation (kWh/yr.) Price/kWh
Avoided Cost
from Electric
Generation
Cumulative
Savings
1 162,421 0.070 $11,288 $11,288
2 163,981 0.073 $11,892 $23,181
3 163,899 0.076 $12,404 $35,584
4 163,817 0.079 $12,937 $48,521
5 163,735 0.082 $13,493 $62,013
6 163,653 0.086 $14,073 $76,086
7 163,571 0.090 $14,677 $90,763
8 163,490 0.094 $15,308 $106,071
9 163,408 0.098 $15,966 $122,038
10 163,326 0.102 $16,652 $138,690
11 163,245 0.106 $17,368 $156,058
12 163,163 0.111 $18,114 $174,172
13 163,081 0.116 $18,893 $193,065
14 163,000 0.121 $19,705 $212,770
15 162,918 0.126 $20,552 $233,322
16 162,837 0.132 $21,435 $254,757
17 162,755 0.137 $22,356 $277,113
18 162,674 0.143 $23,317 $300,430
19 162,593 0.150 $24,319 $324,749
20 162,511 0.156 $25,364 $350,114
21 162,430 0.163 $26,455 $376,568
22 162,349 0.170 $27,592 $404,160
Key Metrics Value
PV System $485,942
CPS Rebate $100,000
Total System $385,942
Estimated Simple Payback 21.3 years
Table 5: E-20-435
Year
Solar Electric Energy
Generation (kWh/yr.) Price/kWh
Avoided Cost
from Electric
Generation
Cumulative
Savings
1 227,858 0.070 $15,836 $15,836
2 227,858 0.073 $16,525 $32,361
3 227,744 0.076 $17,235 $49,596
4 227,630 0.079 $17,976 $67,572
5 227,516 0.082 $18,749 $86,321
6 227,402 0.086 $19,554 $105,875
7 227,289 0.090 $20,395 $126,270
8 227,175 0.094 $21,271 $147,541
9 227,061 0.098 $22,185 $169,726
10 226,948 0.102 $23,139 $192,865
11 226,834 0.106 $24,133 $216,999
12 226,721 0.111 $25,171 $242,169
13 226,608 0.116 $26,252 $268,422
14 226,494 0.121 $27,381 $295,802
15 226,381 0.126 $28,557 $324,360
16 226,268 0.132 $29,785 $354,145
17 226,155 0.137 $31,065 $385,209
18 226,042 0.143 $32,400 $417,609
19 225,929 0.150 $33,792 $451,402
20 225,816 0.156 $35,245 $486,647
21 225,703 0.163 $36,760 $523,406
22 225,590 0.170 $38,339 $561,746
23 225,477 0.177 $39,987 $601,733
24 225,364 0.185 $41,706 $643,439
Key Metrics Value
PV System $706,718
CPS Rebate $100,000
Total System $606,718
Estimated Simple Payback 23.1 years
Table 6: Efficient Option 1
Year
Solar Electric Energy
Generation (kWh/yr.) Price/kWh
Avoided Cost
from Electric
Generation
Cumulative
Savings
1 168,000 0.070 $11,676 $11,676
2 168,000 0.073 $12,184 $23,860
3 167,916 0.076 $12,708 $36,568
4 167,832 0.079 $13,254 $49,821
5 167,748 0.082 $13,823 $63,645
6 167,665 0.086 $14,417 $78,062
7 167,581 0.090 $15,037 $93,099
8 167,497 0.094 $15,683 $108,782
9 167,413 0.098 $16,357 $125,140
10 167,329 0.102 $17,060 $142,200
11 167,246 0.106 $17,794 $159,994
12 167,162 0.111 $18,558 $178,552
13 167,079 0.116 $19,356 $197,908
14 166,995 0.121 $20,188 $218,096
15 166,912 0.126 $21,055 $239,152
16 166,828 0.132 $21,960 $261,112
17 166,745 0.137 $22,904 $284,016
18 166,661 0.143 $23,889 $307,905
19 166,578 0.150 $24,915 $332,820
20 166,495 0.156 $25,986 $358,806
21 166,411 0.163 $27,103 $385,909
22 166,328 0.170 $28,268 $414,177
Key Metrics Value
PV System $491,590
CPS Rebate $100,000
Total System $391,590
Estimated Simple Payback 21.2 years
Table 7: Efficient Option 2
Year
Solar Electric Energy
Generation (kWh/yr.) Price/kWh
Avoided Cost
from Electric
Generation
Cumulative
Savings
1 168,738 0.070 $11,727 $11,727
2 168,738 0.073 $12,237 $23,965
3 168,653 0.076 $12,763 $36,728
4 168,569 0.079 $13,312 $50,040
5 168,485 0.082 $13,884 $63,924
6 168,401 0.086 $14,481 $78,405
7 168,316 0.090 $15,103 $93,508
8 168,232 0.094 $15,752 $109,260
9 168,148 0.098 $16,429 $125,689
10 168,064 0.102 $17,135 $142,824
11 167,980 0.106 $17,872 $160,696
12 167,896 0.111 $18,640 $179,336
13 167,812 0.116 $19,441 $198,777
14 167,728 0.121 $20,276 $219,053
15 167,644 0.126 $21,148 $240,201
16 167,560 0.132 $22,057 $262,258
17 167,477 0.137 $23,005 $285,263
18 167,393 0.143 $23,994 $309,257
19 167,309 0.150 $25,025 $334,281
20 167,226 0.156 $26,100 $360,381
21 167,142 0.163 $27,222 $387,603
22 167,058 0.170 $28,392 $415,995
Key Metrics Value
PV System $490,880
CPS Rebate $100,000
Total System $390,879
Estimated Simple Payback 21.1 years