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Putting RDA: Resource Description and Access into context
1. FRBR: Functional requirements for bibliographic records
Alan Danskin
Data Quality & Authority Control Manager
CA&D
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Terminology
IME – ICC International Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code Reviewing and updating the Paris Principles
FRBR – Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records IFLA working group recommended conceptual model (1997)
FRAD - Functional Requirements for Authority Data IFLA working group report to be published 2008
FRSAR Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records (in
progress)
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Introduction
RDA will replace AACR2 from 2009
RDA is based on the FRBR and FRAD Models
A model is a way of looking at problems in the real world and Identifying and defining the things that are important (entities) Identifying and defining the significant relationships between these
entities Identifying and defining the attributes that characterise the entities
A conceptual model helps to develop understanding of the real world
A model can be implemented in different ways.
Consistency with a model facilitates interoperability between implementations
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“The highest principle for the construction of cataloguing codes should be the convenience of the users of the catalogue.”
Guiding principle for the International Cataloguing Code being developed by IFLA
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Resource Discovery Technology
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Guard books
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Card Catalogue
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Proliferation of carriers
XML
TIFF
MPEG.wav
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Limitations of the OPAC
“Flat” data structure
Restrictive
Inflexible display
Metadata underexploited
Changing user perspectives
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Well, for goodness sake…!
The UKMARC Manual: Reference From a Personal Name... Tolkien, JRR (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Lord of the rings. 2 The twotowers See Tolkien, JRR (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. ...
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Title The best of ’Private Eye’. 1976: Lord Gnome of the Rings. Publisher/year London : Private Eye Productions : Deutsch, 1976. Physical descr. [95]p. : ill., 1port. ; 22cm.
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Spin-offs from the films
Books about LotR / Critical studies
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More critical works, spin-offs, etc.
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At last!
Hungarian translation
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Score for a musical
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9,410,000 HITS!
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What is FRBR?
IFLA’s Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)
User tasks Find; Identify; Select; Obtain
Conceptual model Entities, Relationships, Attributes
Mandatory elements for a national level bibliographic record
First part of a comprehensive conceptual model FRAD = Functional requirements for authority
data FRSAR = Functional requirements for subject
authority records FRBRoo = FRBR Object Oriented Model
a formal expression, developed with Museum community
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User tasks
To Find materials corresponding to stated search criteria (e.g. by an author, on a topic, etc.).
To Identify an item as being that sought or to distinguish between two items with the same title
To Select an item appropriate to the user’s needs (e.g. a specific edition, a version in a specific language, or format).
To Obtain the item (by purchase, request for loan, or access to an on-line resource.
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User tasks
To Find materials corresponding to stated search criteria (e.g. by an author, on a topic, etc.).
To Identify an item as being that sought or to distinguish between two items with the same title
To Select an item appropriate to the user’s needs (e.g. a specific edition, a version in a specific language, or format).
To Obtain the item (by purchase, request for loan, or access to an on-line resource.
To Relate one entity to another to enable navigation within the universe of entities
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FRBR vocabulary
That’s a good book… It’s just the right size to prop
up my desk
ITEM I must get it!
MANIFESTATION Has it been translated?
EXPRESSION Who wrote this book?
WORK
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Group 1 entities
The “idea” of The Lord of the Rings:e.g., the novel; the “movie”; the score.
The embodiment of The Lord of the Rings: e.g. CD audio book ISBN-13: 978-0007141326 ; or Audio Cassette ISBN 0007127448
An exemplar of a manifestation of, “The Lord of the Rings”, e.g.: My copy!.
The realisation of The Lord of the Rings in one or more modes of expression: e.g. “English text”, “French translation”, “performance”, the director’s cut.
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
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Group 1 entities
Boris Godunov by Modeste Mussorgsky
a single 1998 Polygram release of a recording of the 2 versions by the conductor Valery Gergiev
the actual CDs held at the BnF with call number SDC 12 116200
the 1869 version, the 1872 version,recorded performances of each of these versions
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
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Group 1 Entities’ Attributes
Work ID Title Date etc.
Expression ID Title Form Date Language etc.
Manifestation ID Title Statement of responsibility Edition Imprint (place, publisher, date) Form/extent of carrier Terms of availability Mode of access etc.
Item ID Provenance Location etc.
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Group 2 and 3 Entities
Group 2
Person
Corporate Body
Family*
*Introduced by FRAD (Functional Requirements for Authority Data)
Group 3**
Concept
Object
Place
Event
** Further development by FRSAR
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Relationships
Relationships are important
They support navigation and display
Relationships can exist between entities within a group
Relationships can exist between groups.
Relationships can exist between entities at the same level of at different levels.
There are different types of relationships
Hierarchies are an efficient way of recording information
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Expression
Manifestation
Item
Work
Physical -recording ofcontent
Intellectual/artistic content
is realized through
is embodied in
is exemplified by
Group 1 Entities
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Group 1 entities
Work Work Work
Relationshipe.g. Bored of the rings
Relationshipe.g. review
Relationshipe.g. translation
Expression Expression
whole/parte.g. Lotr / The two towers
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Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Relationships Group 1 & Group 2
many
Person
Corporate Body
is owned by
is produced by
is realized by
is created by
FRBR
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Lord of the rings
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Group 2 Entities
many
J.R.R Tolkien
Corporate Body
is owned by
is produced by
is realized by
is created by
FRBR
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Work
French Translation
Manifestation
Item
Group 2 Entities
many
Francis Ledoux
Corporate Body
is owned by
is produced by
is realized by
is created by
FRBR
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Work
Expression
Le seigneur des anneux
Item
Group 2 Entities
many
Person
Christian Bourgois
is owned by
is produced by
is realized by
is created by
FRBR
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Work
Expression
Manifestation
YA.1990.a.19270
Group 2 Entities
many
Personis owned by
is produced by
is realized by
is created by
FRBR
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DRAFT FRAD extension to FRBR
FRBREntities:PersonFamilyCorporate BodyWorkExpressionManifestationItemConceptObjectEventPlace
NameIdentifier
Access Point
Rules
Agency
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WorkGroup 3Subject of Works
many
has as subject
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Person
Corporate Body
Work
Concept
Object
Event
Place
has as subject
has as subject
FRBR
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Benefits of FRBR
More flexible display Stratification
Improved navigation Relationships
More efficient circulation Manifestation requesting
More efficient cataloguing Assembly of components
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Search key: title = “Lord of the rings”
The catalogue contains the following works with this title:
Tolkien, J.R.R. The Lord of the Rings. [Novel] – 56 editions
Clare, John. The Lord of the Rings. [Score] – 2 editions
Oliver, Stephen. The Lord of the Rings. [Score] – 1 edition
Tolkien, J.R.R. The Lord of the Rings. [Drawing] – 1 edition
Resources about “The Lord of the Rings” = 44
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You selected the novel: The Lord of the Rings / by J.R.R Tolkien
Request Lord of the Rings in English or select from the list below:
The work is also available in the following languages: Czech, [2] French, [5] German, [3] Italian, [1] Other, [3]
Title Edition Date CommentsThe Lord of the Rings. Part I. TheFellowship of the Ring
[2nd
] Unwin Books 1974
The Lord of the Rings. Part II. The twotowers
[2nd
] Unwin Books 1974
The Lord of the Rings. Part III. Thereturn of the King
[2nd
] Unwin Books 1974
The Lord of the Rings [2nd
] Folio Society 1977 Illustrated by Ingahild GrathmerThe Lord of the Rings 3rd Unwin Paperbacks 1983The Lord of the Rings Harper Collins 1992 Illustrated by Alan LeeMore
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You selected the novel: The Lord of the Rings / by J.R.R Tolkien translated into Czech
Title: Pan prstenuPublication details: [Praha]. [s.n.]. [198-?]Description: 3. v.. mapShelfmark: Cup.410.bb.101Notes: Typescript (carbon copy)Notes: Samizdat publicationSubject: Fict ion in English,. 1900-1945 ― Translations
Title: Pan prstenu. [prelozila stanislava Posustova]Publication details: Praha. Mlada fronta. 1990-1992Joint author/editor: Posustova, StanislavaSeries: Trinact. sv. 190, 195, 197 Description: 3. v.ISBN: 8020401946ISBN: 8020402594ISBN: 8020401059Shelfmark: YA.1995.a.25577Notes: Contents: sv. 1. Spolec? enstvo Prstenu - sv. 2. Dve? ve? z? e - sv. 3. Na´ vrat kra´ leSubject: Fict ion in English,. 1945- ― Translations
1
2
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FRBR and RDA
RDA is based on the FRBR model
RDA vocabulary is influenced by FRBR
It is difficult to imagine that FRBR can be realised without RDA
FRBR cannot be realised through RDA alone
In the next session we will look more closely at:
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Monograph Cataloguers Music Cataloguers
BRILLIANT! TOO POWERFUL! TOO NEW!…
… what exactly is an expression? how can one catalogue it?
…
SO WHAT? … NOTHING TO GET EXCITED
ABOUT
… we’ve been doing all this for some time
now…
Conclusions of the 2001Report of the JSC Format Variation Working Group
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New Books
Taylor, Arlene (ed.).
Understanding FRBR: What It Is and How It Will Affect Our Retrieval Tools. Libraries Unlimited, 2007.
ISBN13: 9781591585091 ISBN10: 1591585090
Robert Maxwell
FRBR: A Guide for the Perplexed (Paperback)American Library Association. © 2008
ISBN-13: 978-0-8389-0950-8 ISBN-10: 0-8389-0950-7
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References
IME ICC http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/index.htm#IME-ICC
FRBR Review Group http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/wgfrbr/
FRBR Report http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.pdf
FRAD http://www.ifla.org/VII/d4/wg-franar.htm
FRSAR http://www.ifla.org/VII/s29/wgfrsar.htm
What is FRBR? A conceptual model for the bibliographic universe. / Barbara Tillett. 2003.
http://www.loc.gov/cds/downloads/FRBR.PDF