Puritans and New England. Objective #1 Compare the development of the New England and Chesapeake...
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Puritans and New England
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Objective #1
• Compare the development of the New England and Chesapeake colonies as illustrated by the social, political and economic institutions that shaped them.
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Objective #2
• Describe the Puritans and their beliefs and explain why they left England for the New World.
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Objective #3
• Explain how Massachusetts Bay’s conflict with religious dissenters as well as economic opportunities led to the expansion of New England.
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Objective #4
• Describe the conflict between the colonists and Indians in New England.
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Puritans (Congregationalists)
• John Calvin– Predestination
• Wanted to purify the Church of England of Catholicism
• Against separation of church and state
• Feared England becoming too secular
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Puritan Ideas
• Puritan Work Ethic
• Convert the unbelieving
• Had special covenant with God
• Predestination– “Elect” (Visible Saints)– Visual conversion
• All people should be literate
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Persecution of Puritans
• Puritans challenged King James I (1603-1625)– James would not allow Puritans to defy him as
spiritual leader--would inspire others to defy him as political leaer
– James responded by harassing them, closing churches, etc.
• Economic depression of late 16th century was devastating to Puritans (wool industry)
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Separatists• Predecessors to Puritans (in colonization)
– Wanted to separate, not purify the church• Could not stand going to church with corrupted Anglican
church members
– Fled persecution in England• 1608: Holland• Feared “Dutchification” of children
• 1620: Plymouth– Did not have charter (not recognized by England and
did not have the rights of an Englishman)– William Bradford (and Myles Standish)– Mayflower Compact: first written government document
in colonies
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Puritans Leave England
• 1629: Group of Puritans obtained charter– Formed Massachusetts Bay Co.– Intended to be religious colony– Left in 1630 with over 1,000 people
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“A City Upon a Hill”
• Massachusetts Bay • Stressed community
over individual– Protestant Work Ethic– Strong discipline
• Transgressors severely punished
• “Great Migration”: 70,000 Puritans came in 1630s– Expanded into
Connecticut and Rhode Island
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Economics of Massachusetts Bay
• Agriculture, fishing, timber, furs• Villages
– Close together– Communal– Small farms– Singles could not live alone– Stressed education– Town meeting form of government
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Education
• Towns of more than 50 families were required to provide education
• Harvard College (1636)• First tax supported
public schools (1642)• First printing press in
“New World”– Half of adults were
literate
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•The New England Primer (1683)
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Government• Free male church
members could vote– 40% of population had right
to vote– All had freedom of speech
(town hall mtgs)
• Everyone paid taxes• Governor and his aides
was elected annually– Had almost unlimited
powers– John Winthrop was first
governor
• Representative assembly also elected annually
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New England Families
• Puritans migrated as families– Stability– Promoted growth
• Women had few rights
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Agriculture
• Broad ownership of land– Most farmers were 50 acres or less
• Needed to move westward• No crop rotation
– Gap between rich and poor not large
• Owning land meant – Economic power– Political power
• Poor land quality meant more cities, centers of trade
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Pilgrims vs. Puritans
Few Many
Early (1620) Later (1629-30)
Poor class Upper middle class
Uneducated Educated
Separatists from state church Loyal
Settled in Plymouth Salem, Boston
Wm. Bradford, Wm. Brewster John Endicott, Miles Standish,John Winthrop
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Roger Williams
• Separatist• Separation of church
and state• Puritans intruding on
Indian land• Fled in 1636 and
obtained charter for Rhode Island in 1644
• Built first Baptist church in colonies
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Anne Hutchinson
• Antinomianism– Faith alone necessary for
salvation– Said she talked directly
with God– Goes against obeying
law– Goes against work being
sign of being the “Elect”
• Kicked out of Massachusetts in 1638
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Indian Relations
• Europeans brought disease– Natives die and Puritans take land– Showed God was on their side
• 1637: War with Pequots
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King Philip’s War
• King Philip (Metacom) formed alliance of Indian tribes
• Coordinated attacks in New England– 1676: 52 towns
attacked– King Philip captured
ending war
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New England Federation (1643)
• Four New England colonies unite to protect themselves– Plymouth– Massachusetts Bay– Connecticut– New Haven
• First attempt at colonial union
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Changing Values
• As more people come to colonies:– More people pursue
riches--move away from Protestant Work Ethic
– More diversity• Puritans dispersed
• Half-way Covenant
• Dampened religious zeal
• Weakened Puritan hold on government