Matter is anything that has mass

and volume

Pure substances matter with constant composition

Elements

substance made up of one kind of atom

Compounds substance made from two or more elements (kinds of atoms)

Inorganic

Compounds

Organic Compounds

are most compounds containing carbon atoms

Mixtures matter with variable composition

Homogeneous

a mixture which uniform composition

Heterogeneous

a mixture which has non uniform composition

Scientists classify matter by looking at the

particles that it contains.

Particles

Atoms Molecules

group of atoms

joined together

This diagram contains two

different kinds of particles.

Each particle is called a single atom.

This diagram contains only

one kind of particle.

Each particle is made up of two

atoms joined together.

Each particle in this diagram is

a molecule.

What can you say about the particles shown in the following diagrams?

What is an element? Elements are the simplest substances.

Each element is made up of just

one particular type of atom,

which is different to the atoms in

any other element.

Atoms usually join together. This is called

bonding.

In some elements, atoms

bond to form small, simple

structures. In other

elements, atoms bond into

giant structures with

millions of atoms.

O

C

N

S

K

METALS NONMETALS

Metals are generally solid (except

mercury) at room temperature

Nonmetals are found in all three

states

Solid: Carbon, Sulfur, Silicon,

Iodine, Phosphorus, Boron

Gaseous: Hydrogen, Oxygen,

Nitrogen, Fluorine, Chlorine

Liquid: Bromine

Metals are heavy (except Na, K,

Mg)

Nonmetals are generally light in

weight

They are hard (except Na, K and

Pb which are soft)

Solid nonmetals are hard, but

brittle (break easily)

They are good conductors of heat

and electricity (except Pb)

They are bad conductors of heat

and electricity (except graphite)

METALS NONMETALS

They are ductile (can be

drawn into wires) and

malleable (can be hammered

into sheets)

They are neither ductile nor

malleable

Their melting and boiling

points are generally high

Their melting and boiling

points are generally low

They are generally lustrous

and shiny (when polished)

They are generally non-

lustrous and dull

Allotropes

Allotropes are forms of the same element, which

show different physical properties.

The different physical properties displayed by

allotropes of an element are explained by the fact

that the atoms are arranged into molecules or

crystals in different ways.

Elements such as carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, tin and sulfur, display allotropy.

What is a compound? A compound is the substance that can be broken down into

simpler substances or elements by a chemical reaction.

A compound is a substance made up of two or more

different types of atoms combined together chemically .

Two elements, hydrogen (H)

and oxygen (O), combine to

make the compound, water.

Which two elements combine

to make the compound

carbon dioxide?

A compound has very different properties to the elements

from which it is made.

carbon dioxide

A colourless gas

which is used

to put out fires.

to make

carbon

A black solid

which can be

used as a fuel.

combines

with

compound elements oxygen

A colourless gas

which is essential

for life.

What are the elements which make up water?

In what ways are the elements different to their compound?

to make combines

with

compound elements water

A liquid which is

essential to our

lives and has many

different uses.

hydrogen

A colourless gas

which is used in

hot air balloons.

A colourless gas

which is essential

for life.

oxygen

Remember: A compound is a substance that is made from more than one element.

atom atom

A compound made up of 2 different elements

A compound made up of 7 different elements