Pupil’s Book Grade 4 · MAKE A MEAL A good meal gives you all you need to live, grow and be...

Pupil’s Book Grade 4

Zambian Basic Education Course

Government of the Republic of Zambia

Ministry of Education

NUTRITION EDUCATIONSupplementary Material

NUTRITION EDUCATIONPupil’s Book Grade 4

© Curriculum Development Centre, Zambiaand

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

2007

copertina pupils.indd Sez1:2-Sez1:3copertina pupils.indd Sez1:2-Sez1:3 10-07-2007 22:49:3710-07-2007 22:49:37


NUTRITION EDUCATION

Supplementary Material


Authors:

Mukelabai Songiso

Simon Hikaula

Janet L. Shamapango

Tomy B. Zulu

Illustration, Layout & Design: Mel Futter

Technical collaboration and� nancial support by

DisclaimerThe designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.



2007

All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders.

Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy and the Curriculum Development Centre, Haile Selassie Road, P.O. Box 50092, Lusaka, Tel: (01) 260 - 254848

ISBN 9982-54-003-3

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 OUR FOOD ................................................. 1

CHAPTER 2 FOOD FOR LIVING .................................... 15 CHAPTER 3 OUR DIET .................................................... 43

CHAPTER 4 KEEPING CLEAN ........................................ 55

CHAPTER 5 DIARRHOEA ............................................... 79

CHAPTER 6 MALARIA .....................................................94

APPENDIX ONE Glossary .................................................. 106 APPENDIX TWO Take-home messages ............................ 107

You are going to learn and talk about: o where food comes from o what kinds of food there are o what foods are good for you o why food is needed in the body o why you should eat different types of food o how often you should eat in a day o which people have special food needs o what makes a good diet.

CHAPTER 1

OUR FOOD

LESSON 1 WHERE DOES FOOD COME FROM?

What foods can you see in the picture?How are people getting these foods?

1

Activity 2

Choose one food. Describe the food.

- Does it come from a plant or animal?- Where does it come from? - How do we get it?

ASK YOURSELF

What food do I eat often? Think of all the foods you eat often.

REMEMBER

Activity 1

Tell each other what food you ate yesterday. Say where it came from. What food do we produce at home?What food do we get from � elds? What food do we get from rivers and lakes?What food do we get from shops and markets?What food do we get from the bush?

READING

Food comes from many places. We produce some at home. Some food comes from the � elds and farms. Other foods come from rivers and lakes. We get food from shops and markets. Some of our food comes from the bush.

FOOD COMES FROM MANY PLACES.

For example, ...........

My dietFOODS I EAT OFTEN

Make a list: cassava nshima ............ pumpkin leaves ............ ......................................... ......................................... .........................................

2

Chapter 1: Lesson 1

HOMEWORK

A Ask your family: Which foods do we buy? Where? How much do they cost?

B Written work: Draw a picture of one food. Write about it. Say where it comes from

and how we get it. Then read your writing to your family.

Name of food ......................................................................

Source It comes from ......................................................

How we get it ......................................................................

3

Chapter 1: Lesson 1

We need some cooking oil.

I don’t have red palm oil.

But red palm oil is cheaper.

Yes but it tastes strange.

Red palm oil is very good

for you. It gives you energy.

OK. I’ll get some!

LESSON 2 FOODS WE BUYLook at the picture. What are these people doing?

READING

Activity 3

Where do we buy food?What food do we buy?How much do we buy each time?How much does it cost?How do we know it’s good – fresh? safe?

We want red palm oil.

We like the taste.

It keeps you healthy

too.

4

Chapter 1: Lesson 2

Who is shopping in the Reading picture?What do they want? Why do they want it?Do they buy it? Why? / Why not?

Activity 4

Choose a food and pretend to go shopping. Talk about quality and price.

ASK YOURSELF

Do I know the right prices? Can I choose food well? Do I know what I want?

REMEMBER

BUY FRESH FOOD. BUY SAFE FOOD. PAY THE RIGHT PRICE. For example, .......................

Name of food .........................

Availability We can eat it all year because.....................

OR We cannot eat it all year because...............

HOMEWORK

A Tell your family about the people in the Reading.

B Written work: Find out about one food and write about it. Can we eat it all year? Why? Why not? Ask your family. Afterwards, read your writing to your family.

My dietSHOPPING

I am good at shopping.I know the right prices for..............................................I know good quality – forexample, ...........................................................................

5

Chapter 1: Lesson 2

LESSON 3 WHEN CAN WE EAT IT?

What month is it now? What season is it?When does this season begin and end?

Activity 5 Copy the season clock. Draw lines across to divide the seasons.Draw the sun for the dry season.Draw the rain for the rainy season.

THE SEASON CLOCK

December November January

October February

September March

August April

July May June

Activity 6

Choose one food.

Say when it can be eaten. - All year? - Only in one season? Why?

6

Chapter 1: Lesson 3

My dietWHAT I EAT AND WHENAll the year we eat ......................................Part of the year we eat .....................................

READING

We cannot eat all foods all through the year. Why not?- Many foods do not grow in the dry season.- Some foods cannot be stored.- Some foods are only available for a short time.- We are sometimes not allowed to catch or collect some

foods.

ASK YOURSELF

What foods do we eat throughout the year?

What foods do we eat for only part of the year?

REMEMBER

HOMEWORK

A Choose one food. What kind of food is it? (for example, fruit, vegetable). Ask your family.

B Written work: How can we have many foods all year? Ask your family and write some answers. Then read your writing to your family.

Two ways of having many foods all year

1) We can .............................................................................

2) We can .............................................................................

WE NEED GOOD FOOD ALL THE YEAR. For example, .......

Take thismessage

home

7

Chapter 1: Lesson 3

LESSON 4 WHAT KINDS OF FOOD ARE THERE?

Activity 7

What kind of food is a mango? What kind of food is maize? What kind of food are groundnuts?What kind of food is a sweet potato?Look at the picture and � nd the kind of food.

What different kinds of food are there?Name the “food groups” in the picture.Here are the names:

CEREALS ROOTS AND TUBERS VEGETABLES ANIMAL FOODS BEANS, COWPEAS and NUTS (legumes) FRUITS FATS, OILS and SUGARS FLAVOURINGS

KINDS OF FOOD

8

Chapter 1: Lesson 4

Cereals Roots & tubers Vegetables Fruits

maize cassava pumpkin leaves mango

Animal foods Legumes Fats, oils, sugars Flavourings

eggs soya beans red palm oil salt

READING

- Cereals are plants which have a head of grains.- Roots and tubers grow under the ground.- Vegetables are plants we eat as food.- Fruits grow on trees and bushes. They have pips or

seeds.- Animal foods are meat, � sh, insects and birds, and things

from animals (for example eggs and milk).- Beans, peas, groundnuts and bambara nuts are called

legumes. They grow in pods. - Fats and oils are in many foods, but can be bought

separately.- Sugars are also in many foods. They make food sweet.- Flavourings change the taste of food. Examples are salt

and spices.

Activity 8

Put more examples of foods into the table below:

9

Chapter 1: Lesson 4

WE MUST EAT ALL KINDS OF FOOD. For example, ............

ASK YOURSELF

What kinds of food do I eat most? Cereals? Roots and tubers? Vegetables? Fruits? Oil and fat? Animal foods? Legumes?

REMEMBER

My dietTHE KINDS OF FOOD I EAT

I eat a lot of....................

I eat quite a lot of..........

I eat some.......................

I eat a little......................

HOMEWORK

A Find out all the foods that are in one meal. Ask your family. Don’t forget little things like � avourings and oil. B Written work: Write about a meal you ate.

What foods were in it? What kinds of foods were they? After you have � nished, read your writing to your family.

Foods in the meal Kind of food

Example .....cassava nshima...... ..........roots..........................

........................................... ..............................................

.......................................... ..............................................

10

Chapter 1: Lesson 4

LESSON 5 OUR MEALS

How do we make meals? We usually have nshima. Nshima is our staple food.We add other foods to make the meal.We add vegetables, legumes, fats, animal foods, � avourings and fruit.

Activity 9

Look at the diagram.Say all the things that we need for a good meal.

GOOD MEALS

Starchy Staple

Legumes

Animal foods

Flavouring foods

Fruit after a meal

Fats, oils and sugars

Vegetables

11

Chapter 1: Lesson 5

READING

Activity 10

Make up a meal which has all these things.Put the staple food in the centre.Write the other foods around it – or draw them.

MAKE A MEAL

A good meal gives you all you need to live, grow and be healthy. A good meal should have - a staple food (a cereal or root) - vegetables

- an animal food or a legume - a little oil or fat - � avouring - fruit after the meal.


Legumes

Animal foods

Flavouring foods

Fruit after a meal

Vegetables

12

Chapter 1: Lesson 5

g

g

gg

g

g

My diet MY MEALS

Our staple food is................With our staple food weusually eat ........................................................................We should eat more .......................................................

HOMEWORK

A Show your family the meal you made up in this lesson. Tell them what makes this meal good.

B Written work: Show a meal you ate today. Put in the food names in the right places.

ASK YOURSELF

What is our staple food? What do we usually eat with our staple food? What should we eat more?

REMEMBER

Was anything missing? Show your family.

13

Chapter 1: Lesson 5

Vegetables

Fruit after a meal

Flavouring foods

Animal foods

Legumes


GOOD MEALS HAVE ALL KINDS OF FOOD For example, .......

Take thismessage

home!

g

g

gg

g

g

We have come to the end of Chapter One.

What did we learn?

Hold up all the Remember messages for Chapter One.Read them out one by one.

For each message give examples.Say why each message is important.

14

Chapter 1: Revision

REVISION OF CHAPTER ONE

CHAPTER 2

FOOD FOR LIVING

You are going to learn and talk about: o what different foods give us o good meals for particular people.

LESSON 1 FOOD FOR ENERGYDo you have energy?Where do you get your energy?

Activity 11

What do you see in the picture?What are these children doing?Are they tired? Are they full of energy?Which children are using a lot of energy? Where does the energy come from?

Why do you need food?- Food gives you energy.- You need energy to do things.- You need energy to learn, play, work, grow, breathe,

talk, sleep.

READING

15

You need food for energy.

Mwenya is eating nshima and pumpkin leaves with groundnuts.

Kalwe is eating maize porridge. It has pounded kapenta in it, some beans and red palm oil.

Chalo, Chiko, Mule and Muke, are eating banana, sweet potato, mango and caterpillars.

People eating Foods with a lot of energy

Activity 12

Which foods give us a lot of energy?

16

Chapter 2: Lesson 1

groundnuts

cassava

maize

beans

banana

sweet potato

caterpillars

HOMEWORK

A Tell your family some foods which give energy. Ask about other foods which give a lot of energy.

B Written work: Write down everything you eat in one day. Afterwards, read your writing to your family.

ASK YOURSELF

How do I use my energy?What do I do every day? What do I like doing?

REMEMBER

SOME FOODS GIVE US LOTS OF ENERGY. For example, .......................

My dietMY ENERGY

I need a lot of energy for doing these things:

……...............................The things I really like doing are ....................

......................................

Food diaryDay ..................................

Foods ................................ ................................ ..........................

................................ ................................ ..........................

................................ ................................ ..........................

17

Chapter 2: Lesson 1

Food Energy

Cassava � our ]]]

Mealie meal/maize ]]]

Rice ]]]

Bread ]]]

Sorghum ]]]

Millet ]]]

Yellow/orange sweet potato ]]

Pumpkin ]

Okra, fresh ]

Beans and cow peas ]]]

Bambara nuts, fresh ]]]

Dry groundnuts ]]]]

Green leafy vegetables ]

Tomato ]

Bananas ]]

Pawpaw ]

Guava ]

Orange ]

Mango ]

Food Energy

Avocado pear ]]

Meat ]]

Liver ]]

Chicken ]]

Fresh � sh ]

Dried/smoked � sh ]]

Kapenta/chisense ]]]

Caterpillars, dried ]]]

Grasshoppers ]]

Flying ants, fresh ]]]

Milk (cow) ]]

Breastmilk (for babies) ]]]]

Eggs ]]

Vegetable oil ]]]]

Red palm oil ]]]]

Margarine ]]]]

Sugar ]]]

Sugarcane ]

] KEY The more stars the better

THE ENERGY IN FOOD

18

Chapter 2: Lesson 2

LESSON 2 EATING FOR ENERGY

Which foods give a lot of energy?

Activity 13

Look at the table THE ENERGY IN FOOD.Choose one food.Find it in the table. Count the stars.Does it give a lot of energy?

All foods give energy. Some give more energy than others. We get a lot of our energy from

- staple foods like maize, cassava, sorghum, millet- beans and cowpeas- sugars, fats and oils, for example, sugarcane, red palm

oil, groundnuts and fatty meat.A little red palm oil has as much energy as a lot of nshima. Groundnuts have a lot of oil. They give a lot of energy.

READING

Activity 14

Kanyanta is eating a meal with only nshima. How can we add more energy to it? Make up a meal for Kanyanta with a lot of energy.

MAKE A MEAL

19

Chapter 2: Lesson 2


Legumes

Animal foods

Flavouring foods

Fruit after a meal

Vegetables

g

g

gg

g

g

Staple food

EAT FOR ENERGY!! For example, ................

ASK YOURSELF

Where does my energy come from?

REMEMBER

My dietEATING FOR ENERGY

I get a lot of my energy from these foods:

.................... ...................

.................... ...................

HOMEWORK

A Tell your family how to put energy into meals. Describe a meal with a lot of energy.

B Written work: What foods do people eat between meals? Make a list. Underline the ones which give a lot of energy.

Food eaten between meals

.......................................... ...........................................

.......................................... ...........................................

.......................................... ...........................................

20

Chapter 2: Lesson 2

LESSON 3 ENERGY THROUGH THE DAY

How often do you eat?Do you need to eat often?Why? Why not?

Activity 15

Look at the diagram and explain it.

ENERGY

READING A

You do things. You use energy.

You are tired.You have no energy.

You need food.

You eat.You get new energy.

Chalo gets up very early. He has a little sweet potato to eat, with salt. He fetches water for the family. He walks a mile to school. Before school, he drinks some water. He studies for two hours. In the break, he plays games. He does not eat anything.

How does he feel after the break?Full of energy? A little tired? Very tired?Will he learn well?

21

Chapter 2: Lesson 3

Mule gets up early. She has a big sweet potato for breakfast. She walks three kilometres to school. Before school she eats some groundnuts. She studies very hard for two hours. In the break she talks with her friends. She eats some roast maize.

How does she feel after the break?Full of energy? A little tired? Very tired?

READING B

READING C

Muke gets up quite late. He does not have anything to eat. He does not have to walk far to school.Before school he plays football with his friends. He studies hard for two hours. In the break he goes home to feed the chickens. He has nothing to eat.

How does he feel after the break?Full of energy? A little tired? Very tired?Will he learn well?

22

Chapter 2: Lesson 3

ASK YOURSELF

Do I eat before I come to school? Do I take food to school? Do I feel tired at school? Do I have enough energy all day?

REMEMBER

EAT BEFORE YOU COME TO SCHOOL.BRING FOOD TO SCHOOL TO EAT. For example, .........................

HOMEWORK

A Ask your family to give you food to carry to school.

B Written work: Write about your schoolday, like Chalo, Mule and Muke. Say what you eat in the morning and what you do before school and at break. Read your writing to your family.

My school day

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

My dietEATING DURING THE DAY

A I eat before school B I do not eat before school.A I bring food to schoolB I do not bring food to school.A I sometimes feel tired at school. B I never feel tired at school.A I have enough energy all day. B I do not have enough energy all day.

23

Chapter 2: Lesson 3

Take thismessage

home!

LESSON 4 FOOD HELPS US TO GROW

Some foods give us a lot of energy.Some foods help us to grow well.

Which foods help us to grow?

Activity 16

Find the foods in the picture:

bambara nuts � ying ants chicken milk eggs

cowpeas groundnuts beans � sh meat

FOODS WHICH HELP US TO GROW

Activity 17

Look at the table FOOD FOR GROWTH.Choose one food and � nd it in the table.Count the stars.Does it help us to grow a lot?

24

Chapter 2: Lesson 4

25

Chapter 2: Lesson 4

Food How much does it help you to grow?

Cassava � our

Mealie meal/maize ]]

Rice ]]

Bread ]]

Sorghum ]]

Millet ]]

Yellow/orange sweet potato

Pumpkin

Okra, fresh

Beans and cow peas ]]]

Bambara nuts, fresh ]]]

Dry groundnuts ]]]

Green leafy vegetables ]

Tomato

Bananas

Pawpaw

Guava

Orange

Mango

Food How much does it help you to grow?

Avocado pear

Meat ]]]]

Liver ]]]]

Chicken ]]]]

Fresh � sh ]]]]

Dried/smoked � sh ]]]]

Kapenta/chisense ]]]]

Caterpillars, dried ]]]]

Grasshoppers ]]]

Flying ants, fresh ]]]

Milk (cow) ]]]]


Eggs ]]]]

Vegetable oil

Red palm oil

Margarine

Sugar

Sugarcane


FOOD FOR GROWTH

There are some foods that make us grow well. Beans, meat, � sh, eggs, groundnuts and milk all help us to grow. They also help to mend our bodies if we are hurt or sick. We must eat some of them every day. For babies, breast milk is the best food. It is the only food they need for the � rst six months.

READING

Activity 18

Kanyanta needs to grow and have more energy.

Kasuba is sick and needs to get better. Make up a meal which will help them both.

MAKE A MEAL

26

Chapter 2: Lesson 4

ASK YOURSELF

Am I growing well? Which “growing foods” do I eat? Do I eat them every day?

My dietGROWTH

These are the growing foods I eat often:................... ...................A I eat them every day ORB I do not eat them every day.


Legumes

Animal foods

Flavouring foods

Fruit after a meal

Vegetables

g

g

gg

g

g

Staple food

SOME FOODS HELP YOU TO GROW A LOT. For example, ...................

REMEMBER

HOMEWORK

A Show your family the foods that help you to grow. Tell them we need some of them in our meals every day.

Ask if this is possible.

B Written work: Choose one food that helps you to grow. Find out:

Is it easy to get? Is it produced at home? Can you eat it all the year? What do you eat with it?

Write about this food. Then read your writing to your family.

A food that helps us to grow

Name of food .............................................

Easy to get? ...........................................................................

Produced at home?...............................................................

Eaten all the year?.................................................................

Eaten with? .............................................................................

27

Chapter 2: Lesson 4

LESSON 5 FOOD KEEPS US HEALTHY

Food gives us energy. Food helps us to grow. Food also keeps us healthy.

Activity 19

All foods are good for our health.But some foods are very good.We need to eat them every day.

Look at the pictures.Which foods here are very good for our health?

Chalo’s family is eating nshima and kapenta with sweet potato leaves. The leaves are cooked with red palm oil, onion and tomato. They are going to � nish with some guavas.

Mule, Muke, Chiko and Chaloare eating a mango, an orange, some pumpkin and some maize.

28

Chapter 2: Lesson 5

Activity 20

What other foods are very good for health?

Look at the table FOODS THAT KEEP US HEALTHY.Choose one food and � nd it in the table. Count the stars.Is this food very good for health?


Food Which ones are very good for our health?

Cassava � our

Mealie meal/maize ]

Rice ]

Bread ]

Sorghum ]

Millet ]


Pumpkin ]]]

Okra, fresh ]

Beans and cowpeas ]]

Bambara nuts, fresh ]

Dry groundnuts

Green leafy vegetables ]]]

Tomatoes ]]]]

Bananas ]]

Pawpaw ]]]]

Guava ]]]]

Orange ]]]]

Mango ]]]]

Food Which ones are very good for our health?

Avocado pear ]]

Meat ]]]

Liver ]]]]

Chicken ]]]

Fresh � sh ]]]

Dried/smoked � sh ]]]

Kapenta/chisense ]]]]

Caterpillars, dried ]]

Grasshoppers

Flying ants, fresh

Milk (cow) ]]


Eggs ]]

Vegetable oil ]

Red palm oil ]]]]

Margarine ]

Sugar

Sugarcane

FOODS THAT KEEP US HEALTHY

29

Chapter 2: Lesson 5

Read these questions and answer them from the table.- Which fruits very good for our health? - Which vegetables very good for our health? - Which meat and � sh very good for our health?- Which oils and fats very good for our health?

READING

ASK YOURSELF

What fruit and vegetables do I eat often?

Which ones are very good for my health?

My dietFOODS FOR HEALTH

Fruit and vegetables I eat often are..............................................................................Very good for health are...................................................

EAT FOODS THAT KEEP YOU HEALTHY! For example, .........................

REMEMBER

30

Chapter 2: Lesson 5

HOMEWORK

A Tell your family about foods that are very good for health. Ask how you can eat these foods more often.

B Written work: Write down all the fruit and vegetables you eat in the week. Which ones are very good for your health?

Show your family what you have written.

Day Fruit and vegetables eaten

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

31

Chapter 2: Lesson 5

Mukelabai says:

I’m a footballer. I’m hoping to play for the national team next year. I need a lot of energy, and I have to keep very healthy. I eat a lot of nshima and � sh, and a lot of vegetables every day. I especially like pumpkin leaves with groundnuts. I have fruit with every meal.

I’m a manager. My job is very interesting but it’s very hard work. I can’t afford to get sick! I always have a good breakfast and something to eat during the day. I eat a lot of fruit every day to keep me healthy. I like mangoes and guavas, bananas and oranges. I always have fruit after a meal and often in the middle of the morning.

Mwenya says:

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LESSON 6 FOODS WHICH ARE GOOD FOR HEALTH

What fruit and vegetables did you eat last week?How many kinds did you eat yesterday?

Fruit and vegetables are very good for our health.We should eat many different fruits and vegetables every day.

READING

32

Chapter 2: Lesson 6

My dietFOODS FOR HEALTH

Healthy foods I eat often are

............... ............... ..............

Healthy foods I’d like to eat more often are

............... ............... ..............

Activity 21

Choose � ve foods that are very good for health. Say when and how you would eat them in one day.

Make sure you choose some fruit to go with a meal.Make sure you have your green leafy vegetableswith vegetable oil, palm oil or groundnuts.

Do the same for another day.All the foods must be different.

REMEMBER

ASK YOURSELF

What healthy foods do I eat often?What healthy foods would I like to eat more often? How can I eat more healthy foods?Can I eat fruit with my meals?

33

Chapter 2: Lesson 6

Take thismessage

home!EAT MANY FRUITS AND VEGETABLES EVERY DAY. For example, .........EAT FRUIT AFTER MEALS. For example, .........

HOMEWORK

A Tell your family about Mwenya or Mukelabai. Talk about eating fruit with meals. Talk about how to cook green leafy vegetables.

B Written work: Write a little bit about your diet, like Mwenya and Mukelabai. Write about what you eat every day and how many fruits and vegetables you eat.

My diet for good health

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

34

Chapter 2: Lesson 6

LESSON 7 SPECIAL FOODS

Every food is good for you.But some foods are special. They give you - good hair- good nails and skin- good eyes- strong blood.

Activity 22

What is good hair like?What is good skin like?What are good nails like?What can good eyes do? What is good blood like?What does good blood do for you?

Activity 23

Look in the table SPECIAL FOODS.Which foods give you good hair, skin, nails, eyes and blood?

Which of these special foods come from animals?Which ones are orange or yellow?Which ones are dark green?Which one is liquid?

Photo: Hans Anderson

35

Chapter 2: Lesson 7

Food Good for the blood Good for teeth, skin, hair, and general health eyes, and general health

Cassava � our

Mealie meal/maize ]

Rice ]

Bread ]

Sorghum ]

Millet ]


Pumpkin ]]]]

Okra, fresh ]

Beans and cowpeas ]]

Bambara nuts, fresh ]

Dry groundnuts ]

Green leafy vegetables ]] ]]]

Tomatoes ]]

Bananas ]

Pawpaw ]]]]

Guava ]]

Orange ]

Mango ]]]]

Avocado pear ]

Meat ]]] ]]

Liver ]]]] ]]]]

Chicken ]]

Fresh � sh ]]

Dried/smoked � sh ]]

Kapenta/chisense ]]]] ]]]]

Caterpillars, dried ]]

Grasshoppers (no data)

Flying ants, fresh ]

Milk (cow) ]]

Breastmilk (for babies) ]]]] ]]]]

Eggs ]]

Vegetable oil

Red palm oil ]]]]

Margarine ]

Sugar

Sugarcane


SPECIAL FOODS

36

Chapter 2: Lesson 7

B

Masuba is tired. He is always sick. His skin is dry and he has spots on his face. His hair and nails keep break-ing and do not grow well. He cannot see well at night.

What food shall we give him?

A

Muke’s mother is going to have a baby. She is

very happy about it. But she also feels

very tired. She does not want to eat. She cannot

work very much.

She is pale.

What food shall we give her?

READING

Activity 24

Think of a delicious dish for Masuba or for Muke’s mother - a dish with some special foods.Describe your dish to the class.

ASK YOURSELF

Is my hair strong and thick?Is my skin strong and smooth?Are my � ngernails strong?Are my eyes good? Is my blood red and strong?How can I stay healthy?

My dietSPECIAL FOODS

My hair is .............................

My skin is .............................

My � ngernails are ..............

My eyes are .......................

My blood is .........................

I can stay healthy by .........

..............................................

37

Chapter 2: Lesson 7

REMEMBER

KEEP HEALTHY AND STRONG!EAT SPECIAL FOODS EVERY DAY! For example, ...............

HOMEWORK

A Tell your family about good foods for eyes, hair, nails, skin and blood. Tell them the colours.

B Written work: Describe a dish which is good for eyes, nails, hair, skin and blood. Say how you make it. Then read your writing to your family.

Name of dish ..........................................................................

This dish is very good for ........................................................

It contains ...............................................................................

This is how you make it ..........................................................

38

Chapter 2: Lesson 7

LESSON 8 GOOD FOODS

Some foods give us a lot of energy.Some foods help us to grow.Some foods make us healthy.Most foods do all these things.

39

Chapter 2: Lesson 8

READING

CAN YOU GUESS THESE FOODS?

What is this food?This food helps us grow and is very good for health.It’s very good to eat too.We catch it or buy it.It’s not expensive.It is an animal food.Usually we dry it, so we can eat it all the year.We fry it or boil it.We eat it with tomatoes and onion.It is small and shiny.It comes from the lake.WHAT IS IT?

What is this food?We grow this food at home.We don’t usually dry it because it is available all through the year.We cook it with groundnuts or just boil it.It is delicious.It’s very good for our health. It’s good for our blood, skin, eyes, hair and nails. It is dark green.It is a vegetable.WHAT IS IT?

?

?

Activity 25

Find out about the foods you eat. What do they give you?Use the table WHAT FOODS GIVE US.Choose one food and say what it does for us.

40

Chapter 2: Lesson 8

WHAT FOODS GIVE USFood Energy Growth Health

Cassava � our ]]]

Mealie meal/maize ]]] ]] ]

Rice ]]] ]] ]

Bread ]]] ]] ]

Sorghum ]]] ]] ]

Millet ]]] ]] ]

Yellow/orange sweet potato ]] ]]

Pumpkin ] ]]]

Okra, fresh ] ]

Beans and cowpeas ]]] ]]] ]]

Bambara nuts, fresh ]]] ]]] ]

Dry groundnuts ]]]] ]]]

Green leafy vegetables ] ] ]]]

Tomato ] ]]]]

Bananas ]] ]]

Pawpaw ] ]]]]

Guava ] ]]]]

Orange ] ]]]]

Mango ] ]]]]

Avocado pear ]] ]]

Meat ]] ]]]] ]]]

Liver ]] ]]]] ]]]]

Chicken ]] ]]]] ]]]

Fresh � sh ] ]]]] ]]]

Dried/smoked � sh ]] ]]]] ]]]

Kapenta/chisense ]]] ]]]] ]]]]

Caterpillars, dried ]]] ]]]] ]]

Grasshoppers ]] ]]]

Flying ants, fresh ]]] ]]]

Milk (cow) ]] ]]]] ]]]

Breastmilk (for babies) ]]]] ]]]] ]]]]

Eggs ]] ]]]] ]]

Vegetable oil ]]]] ]

Red palm oil ]]]] ]]]]

Margarine ]]]] ]

Sugar ]]]

Sugarcane ]


EVERY FOOD GIVES US DIFFERENT THINGS. For example, ...............

My dietEXCELLENT FOODS

I want to recommend three excellent foods. They are:.......... because ..................... because ..................... because ...........

ASK YOURSELF

What foods can I recommend? - They should taste good.- They should be very good for us.- They should be easy to get.- They should be easy to cook.

REMEMBER

HOMEWORK

A Tell your family what foods you recommend, and why.

B Written work: Write about another food. Write everything you know. Then read your writing to your family.

Activity 26

Describe a food for your friends to guess. Do not say its name. Say- what it does for us- how we eat it- if it tastes good- where it comes from- how we get it- what kind of food it is- what it looks like.

41

Chapter 2: Lesson 8

42

Chapter 2: Lesson 8

A food I recommend

Food .........................................

Description ..............................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

We have come to the end of Chapter Two.What did we learn?

Hold up all the Remember messages for Chapter Two.Read them out one by one.


REVISION OF CHAPTER TWO

LESSON 1 BALANCED MEALS

Here is a meal, with all its ingredients.

Activity 27

Look at the picture. Say what all the ingredients are.Is it a well-balanced meal?

CHAPTER 3

OUR DIET

You are going to learn and talk about: o how to make a balanced meal o why some people need extra food for growth,

health or energy o what is a good diet for all of us.

relish

groundnutstomato onion red palm oil amaranthus salt

nshima

cassava � ourwater

43

READING A

A well-balanced meal has several different foods. It has: - food for energy - food for growth - food for health.A well-balanced meal has something of everything.

READING B

A well-balanced meal has: - a staple food – for example, nshima - some vegetables - a little oil or fat - some legumes or animal foods - some � avouring - some fruit after the meal.A well-balanced meal has something of everything.

What about the meal in the picture?Has it got all these things?Is it well-balanced?

Activity 28

With your friends, draw another meal.Label it. Write the names of all the ingredients.Describe it to your friends.

Is your meal well-balanced?How could you make it better?

44

Chapter 3: Lesson 1

My dietWELL-BALANCED MEALS

(Tick ¸)I know what a good meal is. qI can recognize a good meal. q

I can prepare a good meal. q

For example.....................................................................

ASK YOURSELF

Do I know what a good meal is?

Can I recognize a good meal?

Can I prepare a good meal?

MEALS SHOULD BE WELL-BALANCED.THEY SHOULD HAVE SOMETHING OF EVERYTHING. For example, ...........

REMEMBER

HOMEWORK

A Describe a well-balanced meal to your family. Explain why it is good.

B Written work: Masuba has drawn a picture of his family in the box. Is your family like his?

Draw a picture of all your family and label it. Make sure you put everyone in.

Show your picture to your family and explain it.

Masuba’s family

my aunt my little brother my mother my grandfather

45

Chapter 3: Lesson 1

Take thismessage

home!

LESSON 2 SPECIAL FOOD NEEDS

This is Muke’s family. Is Muke’s family like your family?

Activity 29

Muke has: - a mother - a father - a little brother - two sisters - a grandmother - an aunt. Can you � nd them all?

Which of the people in Muke’s family need a lot of food for energy?Which people need a lot of food for growth and health?

46

Chapter 3: Lesson 2

READING

A1Everybody needs to have energy, to grow, and to be healthy.

What should they eat?

B1Some people need a lot of food for growth and health,for example:

- pregnant women- women who are breast-

feeding- babies- children- sick people- old people.


B2THEY SHOULD EAT:Plenty of relish, with dark green leafy vegetables, beans, peas or groundnuts, red palm oil, meat or eggs or � sh, and a lot of fruit.

C1Some people need a lot of food for energy, for example

- people who work hard- pregnant women- women who are

breastfeeding - children- people who study.


C2THEY SHOULD EAT:Plenty of nshima and maize, sweet potatoes, groundnuts, oil, meat and liver, beans and cowpeas.

47

Chapter 3: Lesson 2

A2THEY SHOULD EAT:Balanced meals, two or three a day, with snacks in between.

Activity 30

Talk about your family.Who needs extra food for energy?Who needs extra food for growth and health?

ASK YOURSELF

What should people in my family eat? What should I eat?

REMEMBER

HOMEWORK

A Tell your family what you wrote about their food needs and yours.

B Written work: Write down all the foods you ate today. Afterwards show what you have written to your family.

What I ate today

Time Food

Early morning ...................................................................... Mid-morning ...................................................................... Midday ...................................................................... Mid-afternoon ...................................................................... Evening ...................................................................... Night ......................................................................

SOME PEOPLE NEED EXTRA FOOD FOR ENERGY. For example, ........................

SOME PEOPLE NEED EXTRA FOOD FOR GROWTH AND HEALTH. For example, ........................

My dietMY FAMILY

My ................. should eat ...............................................

My ................ should eat ...............................................

I should eat a lot of ...........................................................

48

Chapter 3: Lesson 2

LESSON 3 OUR DIET

Do you eat well? Do you have a good diet?

Activity 31Read about these children. Do they have good diets?

MULENGA

My father is quite rich. We buy a lot of food in the shops and we always have food to eat. I eat a lot. I am very lazy. I eat � sh and nshima or rice twice a day, and sometimes chicken. I have a lot of snacks – biscuits, groundnuts, crisps, buns - and I like to drink Coca-Cola and Fanta.

MWAPE

My parents are farmers. We eat what we grow. We have two meals a day, with nshima and beans or chisense. We don’t often have meat or chicken. We often eat vegetables with groundnuts, sweet potato leaves or amaranthus. We also eat okra, toma-toes and cabbage, and pumpkin as a snack. We dry green leafy vegetables for the dry season. I like fruit so I eat lots of mangoes and guava, and wild fruit in season.

KANYANTA

My family usually eats in the evening but I don’t eat much during the day, so I often feel hungry. We eat a lot of nshima with cassava leaves, some-times with groundnuts or oil and some-times with dried � sh. My father usu-ally eats most of the � sh.

KASUBA

My father is a � sherman. We some-times buy meat or liver, but mostly we eat vegetables, nshima and � sh. We have fruit after every meal. My mother makes her own red palm oil from our palm tree, and uses it to cook. We usually have an evening meal but I take different snacks to school each day – I like roast maize, roast cassava, groundnuts and sweet potato. I need lots of energy because I play games.

49

Chapter 3: Lesson 3

READING

What is a good diet?

AA good diet has: - two or three meals a day- something in the morning - some snacks between

meals- well-balanced meals- many different foods in a

day.

BA good diet means: - enough food all the year- different food each day- clean, safe food - food which tastes good.

DHaving a good diet means eating - all kinds of food- enough food for energy- enough food for growth- enough food for health- the right foods for your own needs.

CIf you have a good diet, you eat:- plenty of staple food (nshima) every day- many different vegetables and fruits every day- green leafy vegetables with oil or groundnuts- some meat OR � sh OR beans OR groundnuts OR

insects OR an egg each day- fruit with every meal- a little fat or oil.

50

Chapter 3: Lesson 3

ASK YOURSELF

Does my family have a good diet?What is good in our diet? What could be better?

REMEMBER

My dietIMPROVING OUR DIET

Good things about our diet:..................................................

How to improve our diet: ..................................................

EAT WELL! HAVE A GOOD DIET! For example, ......................................................

HOMEWORK

A Tell your family what is good about your diet at home.Tell them how to improve it.

B Written work: Write a description of your family’s diet, like the four children in Activity 31. Ask your family to help you.

Our diet

.......................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................

51

Chapter 3: Lesson 3

Take thismessage

home!

LESSON 4 FOOD FOR SICK PEOPLE

Sometimes people are sick for only a few days.Sometimes they are sick for a long time.

Activity 32Look at the picture.Kanyanta’s sister has been sick for a long time. She needs a very good diet.What should she eat? How much? How often?What should she drink? How often?

READING

Sick people should have: - plenty of nshima, rice, sorghum- plenty of beans, groundnuts, � sh, meat and eggs- plenty of fruit and vegetables, for example bananas,

pineapple, sweet potato, eggplants, avocado pears- red, orange and dark green fruits and vegetables, for

example, mango, pawpaw, cassava leaves, pumpkin- vegetable fats and oils- plenty of water and drinks like munkoyo and fruit juice. They should eat and drink often.

52

Chapter 3: Lesson 4

ASK YOURSELF

Do I help to feed sick people?Do I know how to feed them?

REMEMBER

My dietSICK PEOPLE

I know how to feed sick people.For example, ................................

SICK PEOPLE NEED A VERY GOOD DIET.For example ......

Would you like a sweet

potato?

It’s too hard, my mouth hurts.

Have a little pumpkin.

I’m not hungry.

Here’s some munkoyo.

No, I feel sick.

53

Chapter 3: Lesson 4

Activity 33

Kanyanta can’t make her sister eat. What can she do?

Take thismessage

home!

54

Chapter 3: Lesson 4

HOMEWORK

A Tell your family about Kanyanta’s sister, and how Kanyanta can help her to eat and drink.

B Written work: Write some things that would be good for Kanyanta’s sister to eat. Then read your writing to your family.

Food for a sick person

.......................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................

We have come to the end of Chapter Three.What did we learn?

Hold up all the Remember messages for Chapter Three.Read them out one by one.


REVISION OF CHAPTER THREE

You are going to learn and talk about: o why things need to be clean o how to keep food clean o how to keep water clean o how to keep your surroundings clean.

CHAPTER 4

KEEPING CLEAN

55

LESSON 1 KEEPING THINGS CLEAN

Chiko and Kalwe, Chalo, Mule and Muke are very busy.They are cleaning things.What are they doing?

Activity 34

What do we do to keep ourselves clean?What do we do to keep our food clean?What do we do to keep our water clean and safe?What do we do to keep our surroundings clean?

Why do we keep things clean?

READING

We need to keep things clean. We wash hands, bodies and clothes.We keep food clean by covering it. We make water clean by boiling or adding chlorine.We wash plates and pots.We sweep our houses and bury rubbish.

Keeping things clean kills bad bacteria or germs.Being clean protects us from diseases.

56

Chapter 4: Lesson 1

ASK YOURSELF

What things do I like cleaning? Why?What do I not like cleaning? Why?

REMEMBER

BEING CLEAN IS BEING HEALTHY.We clean a lot of things. For example, ........

HOMEWORK

A Ask your family why it is important to be clean.

B Written work: What do you do to keep things clean? Make a list. Then read your list to your family.

My cleaning tasks

These are my cleaning tasks at home and at school:

............................................…. ..............................................

............................................…. ..............................................

Keeping cleanFEELINGS ABOUT

CLEANINGI like ................................... because .........................I do not like ...................... because .........................

57

Chapter 4: Lesson 1

Bacteria are very small living things. With just your eyes, you cannot see them: they are invisible. There are millions of them all around us.Some bacteria are very useful to us. Others are very dangerous. They give us diseases such as diarrhoea, dysentery and cholera.

LESSON 2 BACTERIA

What living things do you know? Animals? Insects? Birds?

Activity 35

What are the smallest living things you know?Are they good or bad?What do they do for us? What do they do to us?Where do they live?

READING A

58

Chapter 4: Lesson 2

BACTERIA

B1There are bacte-ria everywhere. They are in the air, in the water and in the soil. They are also in our food, on our bodies and hands, in our clothes and inside our bodies.

B2Bacteria can travel in air or in water. They can also be carried by insects (e.g. � ies) and animals, and on people’s skin, hands, and clothes.

B3Bacteria usually live in warm wet places. Most of them die if they are boiled. They are also killed by disinfectants, salt, soap, chlorine and antiseptic ointment.

Activity 36

Discuss these questions:

Where can we � nd bacteria?How do they move around?How can they be killed?

READING B

Keeping cleanBACTERIA

A I am afraid of bacteria because ....................................B I am not afraid of bacteria because ...................................

ASK YOURSELF

Am I afraid of bacteria?Why? Why not?

REMEMBER

BACTERIA CAN KILL YOU. For example, ......

59

Chapter 4: Lesson 2

Things which kill bacteria

In our house we have............................................................

In the shop there is.................................................................

I use these ones: ....................................................................

HOMEWORK

A Tell your family about bacteria.

B Written work: Find some things which kill bacteria, at home or in the shops. Write about them. Then read your writing to your family.

60

Chapter 4: Lesson 2

Diseases are spread in many ways. - When people cough and sneeze they spread bad

bacteria.- Flies and other insects and animals carry bad bacteria

to food. If you eat this food, you can get sick.- Some bacteria are carried by water. You can become

sick if you drink this water.- You can pick up bad bacteria on your hands. Then, if

you put your � ngers in your mouth, you can get sick.

LESSON 3 HOW DISEASES SPREAD

Do you know anyone who had diarrhoea or cholera?How did they get it?

Activity 37

The pictures show how diseases spread.

Tell the class what is happening in the pictures.Talk about what you can see.Also talk about what you cannot see.Why are these things bad?

READING

61

Chapter 4: Lesson 3

Take thismessage

home!

Keeping cleanPREVENTING DISEASES

DO’s and DON’Ts

DO ...............................

DO NOT .......................

ASK YOURSELF

What can we do to prevent diseases?

REMEMBER

DIRT SPREADS DISEASE. For example, .........

breathing

Dirt and Faeces

touching

Water, River, Lake

Sick Person

washing hands

cookingeatingdrinkingwashing touchingfood

touching t

ouching

touchingsneezingcoughing

Food and Water

Activity 38

Here are some of the ways diseases spread. How many can you � nd? Describe one of them.

HOW DISEASES SPREAD

62

Chapter 4: Lesson 3

Preventing disease

This is what I do to prevent disease:

Example I wash my hands often

I ............................................................................

I ............................................................................

I ............................................................................

HOMEWORK

A Find out from your family how you should wash hands.

B Written work: Write what you do to prevent disease.

Explain to your family how these things prevent disease.

63

Chapter 4: Lesson 3

Always wash your hands before:- eating- preparing food- feeding children- drawing and carrying water.

Always wash your hands after:- using the pit latrine or toilet- cleaning the baby- eating food.

LESSON 4 WASHING HANDS

Look at the pictures. What are all these hands doing?What other things do your hands do every day?

Activity 39Why do we need to wash our hands?When do we need to wash our hands?

READING

64

Chapter 4: Lesson 4

WASH YOUR HANDS PROPERLY. For example, ....WASH YOUR HANDS OFTEN. For example, ....

Activity 40

Keeping cleanWASHING HANDS

Do I wash my hands properly? A Yes, usually. B Not always, because .....

Do I wash them at the right times? A Yes, usually B Not always, because .....

What is happening in the pictures?How do you wash your hands? Which is the best way to wash your hands.Why?

ASK YOURSELF

Do I wash my hands properly? Do I wash my hands at the right times?If not, why not?

REMEMBER

65

Chapter 4: Lesson 4

Take thismessage

home!

Handwashing Diary

Day ..........................

When Why

Example In the morning Because I always wash in the morning

...................... ..................................................................

...................... ..................................................................

...................... ..................................................................

HOMEWORK

A Teach the little children at home the best way to wash hands.

B Written work: Keep a handwashing diary. Write down every time you wash your hands in one day and why. Then read your writing to your family.

C Ask your family what they do to keep food clean.

66

Chapter 4: Lesson 4

LESSON 5 KEEPING FOOD CLEAN

Why is it important to keep food clean?

Activity 41

What do Mule and Muke do to keep food clean?Look at the pictures. Find all the things they do. (There are 10.)

Which of these things do you do at home?

How do these actions keep food clean?

Where are the bad bacteria?What is happening to the bacteria?

1 2 3

Mule and Muke are preparing snacks for school.

Now they are going to prepare some food for the family.

They are preparing the meal.

4 5 6

The meal is over. They are clearing up. Some food is left.

The meal is ready. The family has come.

Now they have� nished work.

67

Chapter 4: Lesson 5

KEEP FOOD CLEAN! For example, .........

Activity 42

What foods should we wash?What foods do we not need to wash?What foods should we cover?What foods should we wrap or put in a container?What kind of food should we re-heat?

Eating dirty food makes you sick. We must keep food clean. We have to protect it from � ies, dirt, dirty hands, dirty water and bacteria in the air. We keep food clean by - covering it- wrapping it- using clean pots and plates- washing hands before eating- washing hands before preparing food- washing fruits before eating them- washing vegetables before cooking them - cooking food- re-heating food.

READING

Keeping cleanHOW TO HELP

In my house, the person in charge of the food is .....................................................................

I can help by .............................and by ........................................

ASK YOURSELF

In my house, who is in charge of the food? How can I help this person?

REMEMBER

68

Chapter 4: Lesson 5

Take thismessage

home!

HOMEWORK

A Find a person selling food. Find two foods which are covered and two foods which are uncovered. Find out why.

B Written work: Write the things you do to keep food clean.Then read your writing to your family.

What I do to keep food clean

Example ......I wash my hands before eating

I ...................................................................................

I ......................................................................………..

C Find out where your water comes from and how it comes to your house.

69

Chapter 4: Lesson 5

LESSON 6 SAFE WATER TO DRINK

Which water is safe to drink?

Activity 43

What are Chalo and Mule saying?

Mule, can I give you some

water to drink?Thank you, Chalo.

But where did you get the water from?

I got it from the river. Is it safe to

drink?

Should Mule drink Chalo’s water? Why? Why not?

Activity 44Chalo’s water comes from the river.Kalwe’s water comes from a borehole.Mule’s water comes from a well.

Where does your water come from?How does it come to your house?

What makes water dirty?Is your water clean and safe?How do you know?

70

Chapter 4: Lesson 6

KEEP WATER CLEAN! For example, ....

Water from a borehole or a protected well is usually safe to drink. These water sources do not get dirty easily.

Water gets dirty if: - people or animals urinate in it - people or animals pass stools nearby - people bathe or swim in it - people wash clothes in it - animals drink from it.

READING

ASK YOURSELF

Is my water safe and clean?How do I know?

REMEMBER

HOMEWORK

A Ask your family how to make water safe for drinking.

B Written work: Do you carry water to your home? Write about it. Say what you do, where, what for and how

often. Then read your writing to your family.

Drawing water

Example I carry water from the well to the house for washing twice a week.

...................................................................................................................

Keeping cleanWATER SOURCES

My water comes from ................A This water is quite safe to drink because .............................B This water is not very safe because..............................

71

Chapter 4: Lesson 6

Take thismessage

home!

This is Kalwe.He is boiling the water.

This is Chiko’s mother.She is adding chlorine.

LESSON 7 DRAWING AND STERILIZING WATER

How can we make water safe for drinking? How can we sterilize it?

Activity 45What is happening in the pictures?

Why does this make the water safe?

72

Chapter 4: Lesson 7

Activity 46

Kalwe and Chiko are going to draw water for drinking.They are going with their friends.

What should they do � rst? Where should they get the water from? How can they draw the water safely?

What should they do when they get home? How can they keep the water safe at home? How should they take the water from the container?

Show the class how to do these things correctly.

73

Chapter 4: Lesson 7

When you draw drinking water, do these things:1. First, wash your hands well.2. Take a closed water carrier.3. Clean the water carrier.4. Take the water from a safe source.5. Do not touch the water.6. When you get home, sterilize the water.7. Store the water in a clean covered container. 8. When you take water out, do not put your hands in.

READING

Keeping cleanSAFE DRINKING WATER

I prefer to boil drinking water because...............

I prefer to add chlorine to drinking water because..........................

ASK YOURSELF

What do you think is the best way to sterilize drinking water? Why?

REMEMBER

DRAW WATER CAREFULLY! For example, ....

74

Chapter 4: Lesson 7

Safe water

I help make water safe and keep it clean. This is what I do:

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

HOMEWORK

A Tell your family all the things you have to do to have safe drinking water. Ask them what they think.

B Written work: Write about what you do to have safe water. Then read your writing to your family.

C Look around the area where you live. Are there any places where there is a lot of dirt? What kind of dirt is it?

75

Chapter 4: Lesson 7

Dirt and rubbish spread diseases.

Keep your surroundings clean by:

- using the toilet

- sweeping the grounds

- slashing tall grass

- burying rubbish.

I am sick.The nurse says

I have diarrhoea and malaria

Do you know what causes malaria and

diarrhoea?

I do not know. Here we are always sick.

Your surroundings are dirty. Flies sit on faeces and

bring diarrhoea when they sit on your food. The tall grass is the home of mosquitoes that bring

malaria.

LESSON 8 CLEAN SURROUNDINGS

Look at your surroundings. Are they clean?What do we do to keep them clean?

Activity 47

In the picture, Mule is visiting her sick friend Kanyanta.What are they saying to each other?

Why is Kanyanta always sick?How can we correct what is happening in the picture?How can we keep our surroundings clean?

READING

76

Chapter 4: Lesson 8

My new tasks

What else can I do to keep things clean?

I can ........................................................................................

I can ........................................................................................

KEEP YOUR SURROUNDINGS CLEAN.

For example, .................

Keeping clean

CLEAN SURROUNDINGS

This is what I do to keep my surroundings clean:

At home, I ......................

At school, I .....................

ASK YOURSELF

What do I do to keep my surroundings clean at home?What do I do to keep my surroundings clean at school?

REMEMBER

HOMEWORK

A Written work: If we want to be healthy, we must be clean.Write down what else you can do to keep things clean.

Read your writing to your family.

B Is diarrhoea really dangerous? Ask your family.

77

Chapter 4: Lesson 8

78

Chapter 4: Revision

We have come to the end of Chapter Four.What did we learn?

Hold up all the Remember messages for Chapter Four.Read them out one by one.


REVISION OF CHAPTER FOUR

CHAPTER 5

DIARRHOEA

You are going to learn: o what diarrhoeal diseases are o how to look after someone with diarrhoea o how to prevent diarrhoea.

LESSON 1 WHAT IS DIARRHOEA?

This is Muke. He is sick. What is wrong with him?

Activity 48

Discuss these questions:- Have you had diarrhoea?- What happens?- How do you feel?- Do you go to school? If you have diarrhoea, what disease have you got?

Our baby had diarrhoea for two

whole days.

When I had diarrhoea I didn’t

feel like doing anything.

79

READING

When you have diarrhoea you have loose watery stools. You have to go to the toilet often. You may vomit. You lose a lot of water and food.

Some diarrhoeal diseases are:

Common diarrhoea Dangerous!

Dysentery Very dangerous!

Cholera Very very dangerous!

Activity 49

This is what happens when you have diarrhoea.

The container is like a person with diarrhoea.When you have diarrhoea, food and water come out of your body.

Find a plastic container or a gourd.Make a hole at the bottom.Pour in water at the top.What happens to the water?Put in more water.

Can you � ll the container?

80

Chapter 5: Lesson 1

ASK YOURSELF

Have I had diarrhoea often?How bad was it?How did I feel?

REMEMBER

DIARRHOEA MAKES YOUR BODY LOSE FOOD AND WATER.

HOMEWORK

A Tell your family what happens to your body when you have diarrhoea.

B Written work: Ask your family about someone who had a diarrhoeal disease. Afterwards, read your writing to them.

A diarrhoeal disease

Who had it? ........................................................................................

When? ..................................................................................................

Where? .................................................................................................

What happened? ...............................................................................

C Ask your family if diarrhoea is dangerous.

DiarrhoeaMY EXPERIENCES

A I have had diarrhoea once or twice.B I have had diarrhoea often.A It was very bad.B It was not too bad.

I felt ..................................

81

Chapter 5: Lesson 1

Diarrhoea can be very dangerous, especially for little chil-dren. People can die if they are not treated. Their bodies lose food and water very quickly.

When you have diarrhoea you feel weak and you have to lie down. You cannot go to school. You cannot work. Other people in the family can get diarrhoea from you.

LESSON 2 WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS?

Do you remember Muke?He has diarrhoea.

Activity 50

Is diarrhoea dangerous?What do you think?Could Muke die?

READING

Activity 51

Do you remember when a family member had diarrhoea?How did it affect their lives? work? education? money?How did it affect the family?

My uncle couldn’t go � shing when he had diarrhoea. So he had no money. And we had no

� sh to eat.

When I had diarrhoea my mother stayed at

home to look after me. So she couldn’t go to

work.

82

Chapter 5: Lesson 2

What people do for diarrhoea

I talked to ................................

This is what she / he did for diarrhoea:

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

DIARRHOEA MEANS DANGER! For example, ................. DIARRHOEA COSTS A LOT! For example, .................

ASK YOURSELF

Do we want diarrhoea?Why? Why not?

REMEMBER

HOMEWORK

A Tell your family why you don’t want to have diarrhoea.

B Written work: Talk to someone who has had diarrhoea. Find out what they did for it. Did they go to the clinic? Did they eat and drink? Did they stay in bed? Did they take medicine?

C Ask your family how to look after someone with diarrhoea.

DiarrhoeaWHY WE DON’T WANT IT

We do not want to have diarrhoea because .....................................................

83

Chapter 5: Lesson 2

Eat a little food.

Drink a lot.

Don’t drink too much and don’t eat any thing.

Drink water in which guava

leaves have been soaked.

Go to the health centre.

LESSON 3 WHAT CAN WE DO FOR DIARRHOEA?

Here is Muke again. He still has diarrhoea.People are giving him advice.

Activity 52

What advice would you give Muke? Choose from what the people are saying. Not all their advice is good.

Have you got any other advice?

84

Chapter 5: Lesson 3

FOR DIARRHOEA, DRINK A LOT. For example, ...........

People with diarrhoea need to eat. They also need to drink a lot. They can drink soup, munkoyo, tea, boiled water and fruit drinks. You can also give a special drink made of sugar, salt and water.

If the diarrhoea is very bad, or if there is blood, they should go to the clinic or see a doctor. It may be a dangerous disease. They may need medicine as well as food and drink.

READING

Activity 53

To make the special drink:- Take the tip of a teaspoon of salt.- Put it in a glass of boiled water. - Taste it.

It should be no saltier than tears.- Take 3 teaspoons of sugar.- Put them in the glass of water.- Mix until they dissolve.

a teaspoon tip of salt

ASK YOURSELF

If my friend has diarrhoea, what advice will I give?What will I say?

REMEMBER

DiarrhoeaADVICE

I will tell my friend:1) ......................................2) ......................................3) ......................................

3 teaspoons of sugar

glass of

water

85

Chapter 5: Lesson 3

Take thismessage

home!

Diarrhoea Dialogue You: Muke, please eat a little and take this drink.

Muke: But why do I have to drink so much?

You: Because ...................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

HOMEWORK

A Show your family how to make the special drink.Use a clean cup, a clean spoon and boiled water.

B Written work: You are talking to Muke. Finish writing the conversation. Afterwards, read the conversation to your family.

C Ask your family what causes diarrhoea.

86

Chapter 5: Lesson 3

LESSON 4 HOW DO WE GET DIARRHOEA?

Do you remember Muke?

He’s better now.

Muke had diarrhoea.

He got a lot of advice.

He drank a lot.

He went to the clinic.

Drink a lot

Activity 54

But how did Muke get diarrhoea?Discuss the questions below

?

1. Is this how he got diarrhoea?



6. Or did he get it some other way?



87

Chapter 5: Lesson 4

H O W T H E Y G O T D I A R R H O E A

Chalo’s story Chalo went swimming in the river. There were a lot of bad bacteria in the river. Chalo drank the water by accident, and got diarrhoea.

Muke’s storyMuke’s friend gave him some pumpkin to eat. His friend had diarrhoea. The bacteria were on the pumpkin. Muke ate the pumpkin. He got diarrhoea.

Mule’s storyMule used the toilet. There were some bad bacteria in the toilet. She got the bacteria on her hands. She didn’t wash them. She put her � nger in her mouth. The next day she had diarrhoea.

Chiko’s story Chiko’s food was not covered. Some � ies found it. They brought bacteria from the house next door. In that house the baby had diarrhoea. Chiko ate the food and Chiko got diarrhoea.

Diarrhoeal diseases are caused by bacteria. Bacteria are found in dirty water, dirty food and dirty soft drinks, and also on dirty hands. You can get diarrhoea if you:- eat dirty food, or - drink dirty water, or- put dirty hands in your mouth.

READING A

READING B

88

Chapter 5: Lesson 4

How ........................ got diarrhoea

...........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................

AVOID DIRTY FOOD AND WATER For example, ............

DiarrhoeaHOW I GOT IT

When I had diarrhoea, I think I got it because

..........................................

..........................................

..........................................

ASK YOURSELF

When you had diarrhoea, how do you think you got it?Was it something you ate? Where?Was it something you drank? Where?Was it something you touched? Where?

REMEMBER

HOMEWORK

A Tell one of the stories to your family. Ask them what they think.

B Written work: Write a story about another person who had diarrhoea, like Chalo, Muke, Mule and Chiko. Put the name of the person in the title. Then read your story to your family.

C Ask your family how we can prevent diarrhoeal diseases.

89

Chapter 5: Lesson 4

LESSON 5 HOW CAN WE PREVENT DIARRHOEAL DISEASES?

Do you remember Muke, Mule, Chiko and Chalo? They all had diarrhoea. They never want to have it again.

Chalo’s story Muke’s story Mule’s story Chiko’s story

So how can we prevent diarrhoea?

Activity 55

What is happening in the pictures?How do these things help to prevent diarrhoea?

Washing hands after the toilet

Boiling water and covering it

Covering food

Cleaning toilets Washing fruit and vegetables

Cleaning the ground

90

Chapter 5: Lesson 5

Prevent diarrhoeal diseases by:- washing hands with soap and water- washing fruits and vegetables- keeping food clean- keeping the toilet clean- sterilising drinking water- keeping water clean (and the well)- keeping the house and surroundings clean.

READING

It’s my job to clean the toilet. I

hate it but it is really important. It keeps

us all healthy.

My mother says we should only drink the

water she boils at home.

91

Chapter 5: Lesson 5

Activity 56 CAMPAIGN!

The children are having a campaign against diarrhoea.They want to persuade people to drink clean water.They have made a poster. Here is their poster. It is much bigger than this.

With your friends, choose a topic. Plan a poster to tell people what to do.

DOWN WITH DIARRHOEA!DRINK CLEAN WATER!

Boil your drinking water.

Put chlorine in it.

Cover it.

KILL THE BAD BACTERIA!DON’T GET DIARRHOEA!

ASK YOURSELF

Am I keeping things clean more than before?

What else can I do to keep things clean?

DiarrhoeaWHAT I’M DOING

I am doing more to keep things clean.For example, ........................................................

Other things I could do are .................................

92

Chapter 5: Lesson 5

POSTER

PREVENT DIARRHOEA! KEEP THINGS CLEAN! For example, ............

REMEMBER

HOMEWORK

A Written work: Finish your poster and show it to your family.

B Ask your family if it is possible to prevent diarrhoea.

93

Chapter 5: Lesson 5

Take thismessage

home!

We have come to the end of Chapter Five.What did we learn?

Hold up all the Remember messages for Chapter Five.Read them out one by one.


REVISION OF CHAPTER FIVE

You are going to learn: o the signs of malaria o how to deal with malaria o the causes of malaria o how to prevent malaria.

CHAPTER 6

MALARIA

1 Can you tell when you have malaria?

What are the signs?

2 Is malaria dangerous? Why / Why not?

3 What should you do when someone has ma-

laria?

4 What causes malaria? How is it carried?

5 How do you prevent malaria?

6 Can malaria be stopped completely?

LESSON 1 QUESTIONS ABOUT MALARIA

Have you had malaria? Do you know people who have had malaria? Tell the class.

Activity 57

What do you know about malaria?Tell the class everything you know.

READING

There are six questions about malaria.Discuss them with your group.

Tell the class what you think.

94

THERE ARE MANY THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT MALARIA For example, .....

MalariaTO FIND OUT

I would like to know ...................................

...................................

ASK YOURSELF

What would I like to know about malaria?

REMEMBER

HOMEWORK

A Ask your family one of the six questions.

B Written work: In your family, how many people have had malaria? How often? How badly? Write the answers.After you have � nished, read your writing to your family.

Malaria in my family

Who? How often? How badly?

............................. .................... ........................

............................. .................... ........................

95

Chapter 6: Lesson 1

When you have malaria you have fever: you sometimes feel cold and shiver, and you sometimes feel hot and sweat. You feel pain in the body, and you have a headache. Sometimes people with malaria vomit and have diarrhoea, but not always.

LESSON 2 HOW DO YOU KNOW IT IS MALARIA?

What is malaria like?What are the signs (or symptoms)?

Activity 58

Has Chilo got malaria? How do we know? Let’s ask her.

READING

Yes

Have you got fever all the time? Are you

sweating?

Do you think you have

malaria?

How longhave you been

sick?

Two days.

Are you shivering? Do you feel hot and cold?

Chilo, have you got diarrhoea?

Have you been vomiting?

Yes

No

Activity 59

Have you had malaria? What was it like?Do you know someone who has had malaria?Describe what it was like.

96

Chapter 6: Lesson 2

No

Having malaria

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................

MALARIA MEANS FEVER. You feel........

MalariaHAVE YOU GOT MALARIA?

I want to know if someone has malaria. My � rst questions are:....................................................................................

ASK YOURSELF

Can I recognize malaria? How? What questions do I ask to � nd out?

REMEMBER

HOMEWORK

A Ask your family about what happened when they had malaria. How did they feel? How long did it last? Could they work?

B Written work: Write a real story about someone who had malaria – you or someone else. Write about the symptoms and the effects. Then read your writing to your family.

C What should you do if someone has malaria? Ask your family.

97

Chapter 6: Lesson 2

Malaria is a very dangerous disease. It makes you sick. It can take your time and your money. Malaria can kill. It kills a lot of people, especially little children.

But it can be cured. When people have malaria, give them plenty of drinks, and take them to the health centre for medicine immediately. Little children can die in a day if they do not get treatment.

LESSON 3 WHAT TO DO ABOUT MALARIA

What do we know about malaria now?

Activity 60

Answer the questions with the help of your friends.Does malaria make you miss school?Does malaria make people miss work?Can malaria kill you?Is malaria dangerous?

What should we do if someone has malaria?

Activity 61

Give her lots of water to

drink

Keep her cool.

Leave her alone.

She will get over it.

Get her some medicine from the

market.Get medicine

from the clinic.

Take her to the health centre.

Give her lots of water to drink.

There isn’t any good medicine for

malaria.

Do not let her eat or drink too much.

Who is right?What advice would you give?

READING

98

Chapter 6: Lesson 3

MALARIA IS DANGEROUS.GO TO THE CLINIC IMMEDIATELY

ASK YOURSELF

If my little sister has malaria,what should I do?

REMEMBER

MalariaWHAT TO DO IF SOMEONE

HAS MALARIAThe � rst thing to do is ...........

The next thing to do is .........

HOMEWORK

A Talk to your family about people who had malaria.Did they go to the Health Centre? If not, why?Did they take medicine? If not, why?

B Written work: Write about what people did, and why.Then read your writing to your family.

Who What they did Why

.................... ..................................... ..............................

.................... ..................................... ..............................

C Ask your family what causes malaria.

99

Chapter 6: Lesson 3

Take thismessage

home!

LESSON 4 HOW DO PEOPLE GET MALARIA?

What causes malaria? Where does it come from?

Activity 62

This is where malaria comes from:

Do you know this insect?What do you know about it?What noise does it make?When do you see it and hear it?Where do you see and hear it?Where does it live?What does it do to you?

100

Chapter 6: Lesson 4

Malaria is caused by a tiny invisible living thing, a parasite. It lives and grows in people’s blood. If you have the para-site in your blood, you get malaria. The parasite is carried from sick people to healthy people.

Only one thing can carry the parasite from a sick person to a healthy person. This is a special kind of mosquito, the anopheles mosquito. It is very dangerous.

Activity 63

Explain what is happening in the pictures.Show the class how mosquitoes give you malaria.

READING

ASK YOURSELF

Am I afraid of mosquitoes? Why? Why not?

MalariaTHE CAUSE

A I am afraid of mosquitoes because ...................................B I am not afraid of mosquitoes because ..................................

101

Chapter 6: Lesson 4

How we prevent malaria

We prevent malaria by .........................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

HOMEWORK

A Show your family how mosquitoes carry malaria. Talk about the sick child, the healthy child, the parasite and the mosquito. Show them the picture in this lesson or give them a demonstration.

B Written work: Ask your family how we can prevent malaria. Write down their answers.

MOSQUITOES CARRY MALARIA How?

REMEMBER

102

Chapter 6: Lesson 4

There are many ways of avoiding mosquito bites. We can:- spray rooms with insecticide- light a mosquito coil- rub our skins with special lotion- sleep under treated mosquito nets- put oil onto pools of water- � ll holes and pools of water- bury empty tins or turn them upside down- wear clothes which cover us well- cut long grass near the house- put screens on windows.

LESSON 5 HOW TO PREVENT MALARIA

To avoid malaria we have to avoid mosquito bites.What can we do?

Activity 64What is happening in the pictures?How do these actions prevent malaria?

READING

103

Chapter 6: Lesson 5

KILL MOSQUITOES.MOSQUITOES KILL. Avoid mosquito bites by ...............

Activity 65

How do the actions in the Reading prevent mosquito bites?- Do they kill mosquitoes?- Do they stop them breeding?- Do they keep mosquitoes away from us?- Do they stop them biting us when they are near?

Activity 66

Discuss with your friends:- Which ways are cheap?- Which ways are quick?- Which ways are easy?- Which ways work very well?

ASK YOURSELF

What do I do to protect myself from mosquito bites?What else can I do?

REMEMBER

MalariaPREVENTING MALARIA

This is what I do to protect myself from mosquito bites:...............................................

I can also:...............................................

104

Chapter 6: Lesson 5

Take thismessage

home!

Costs

insect spray ......... mosquito coils ............. skin lotion ................... bed nets .............. treating bed nets ........ screens for windows......

HOMEWORK

A Ask your family how you can help to prevent malaria.

B Written work: Find out the cost of the things in the box.

105

Chapter 6: Lesson 5

We have come to the end of Chapter Six.What did we learn?

Hold up all the Remember messages for Chapter Six.Read them out one by one.


REVISION OF CHAPTER SIX

Appendix One

GLOSSARY

available something is available if you can � nd it easilybacteria very small living things you cannot see with your eyesbalanced diet a diet which has all the different types of good foodbreast milk mother’s milkbreeding producing young oneschlorine liquid for killing germs/bacteriadelicious tasting gooddemonstrate show others how to do somethingdiarrhoea passing watery stools oftendiary a record of things you have done diet everything a person eats and drinksdisease sicknessdraw water get water from a river, well or boreholeenergy that which makes it possible to do things; you need energy to work, play and studyfever high body temperature; you feel hot when you are sickgrowth growingpalm oil oil from palm treespersuade talk to someone in order to get them to do somethingprevent stop something from happeningquality bad or good condition; for example, good fresh food is high qualityrecommend tell someone that something is good safe food food which does not make you sicksnacks small amounts of food that people eat between mealssource where something comes fromspices things which make food nice to eat, for example, pepper, curry powderstaple food the common food we eat at every meal, for example, nshima sterilize kill germs/bacteriastool faecessurroundings things around yousymptoms signs of sicknessvegetable oil oil which comes from plants, for example, corn oil, palm oil, groundnut oil

106106

Appendix One

Appendix Two

107

TAKE THESE MESSAGES HOME!

Chapter One WE NEED GOOD FOOD ALL THE YEAR

GOOD MEALS HAVE ALL KINDS OF FOOD

Chapter Two EAT BEFORE YOU COME TO SCHOOL BRING FOOD TO SCHOOL TO EAT

EAT MANY FRUITS AND VEGETABLES EVERY DAY EAT FRUIT AFTER MEALS

Chapter Three MEALS SHOULD BE WELL-BALANCED THEY SHOULD HAVE SOMETHING OF EVERYTHING

EAT WELL! HAVE A GOOD DIET!

SICK PEOPLE NEED A VERY GOOD DIET

Chapter Four DIRT SPREADS DISEASE

WASH YOUR HANDS PROPERLY WASH YOUR HANDS OFTEN

KEEP FOOD CLEAN!

KEEP WATER CLEAN!

Chapter Five FOR DIARRHOEA, DRINK A LOT

PREVENT DIARRHOEA! KEEP THINGS CLEAN!

Chapter Six MALARIA IS DANGEROUS GO TO THE CLINIC IMMEDIATELY

KILL MOSQUITOES. MOSQUITOES KILL.

107

Appendix Two

SENDENI AYA MASHIWI KU NG’ANDA!

Chapter One TULAFWAYA IFYAKULYA IFISUMA MU MWAKA ONSE.

IMILILE ISUMA ILAKWATA IFYAKULYA IFYA MITUNDU YONSE

Chapter Two LYENI ILYO TAMULAISA KU SUKULU ISEENI NEFYAKULYA KU SUKULU

LYENI IFISABO IFINGI NA IMISALU LYONSE LYENI IFISABO PANUMA YA FYAKULYA FIKALAMBA

Chapter Three IFYAKULYA FIFWILE FYABA IFYAPUSANA PUSANA. FIFWILE FYAKWATA UMULYO

LYENI BWINO! KWATENI IMILILE ISUMA!

ABALWELE BAFWILE BAKWATA IMILILE ISUMA

Chapter Four IFIKO FILALETA UBULWELE

SAMBENI IMINWE YENU BWINO-BWINO SAMBENI IMINWE YENU LYONSE

SUNGENI IFYAKULYA UBUSAKA!

SUNGENI AMEENSHI UBUSAKA!

Chapter Five NWENI AMEENSHI AYENGI NGA MWAPOLOMYA

ICINGILILENI KU BULWELE BWA KUPOLOMYA! SUNGENI IFINTU UBUSAKA!

Chapter Six UBULWELE BWA MPEPO BUUBI KABIYENI KU CHIPATALA APOPENE

IPAYENI MUNGWI’NGWI’ MUNGWI’NGWI’ ALEPAYA

108108

Appendix Two

MAKE A BORDER FOR YOUR TAKE-HOME MESSAGES!

REMEMBER

109109

Appendix Two



Government of the Republic of Zambia

Ministry of Education

NUTRITION EDUCATIONSupplementary Material

NUTRITION EDUCATIONPupil’s Book Grade 4



2007

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