Pupil Audit Handbook
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Transcript of Pupil Audit Handbook
Cumbria Development Education Centre, Registered Charity 515020, www.cdec.org.uk 015394 31602, [email protected], Low Nook, Rydal Road, Ambleside, LA22 9BB
1
Preparation Pupils should be organised into groups of 4 (using labels of different fruits) – with a competent
reader and a competent writer in each
Display a pupil-friendly activity agenda, on the whiteboard or on a flipchart
A support teacher or other adults should have the form & spare paper to record pupil comments
Remember not to prompt the pupils, or to give the pupils ideas that may influence their answers
Pupil Audit Activity
Guidance to accompany the Audit in a Box materials.
A 2-hour classroom activity designed to find out what pupils think they know about other people & places, and about the Global Literacy themes of poverty, food & fairness.
All the documents needed for this activity are included in this package of materials.
Warm-up activity (15 mins) “Getting started” Audit 1 – What do you know about Africa? (10 mins) “Mapping Africa” Audit 2 – Where is this? (25 mins) “Picture puzzle” Audit 3 – Why are people in the world hungry? (15 mins) “Thinking about hunger” Audit 4 – What is poverty? (30 mins) “Thinking about being poor” Audit 5 – How can we make a difference to poverty in the world? (15 mins)
“Making a difference” Evaluation (10 mins) ”Last words”
Cumbria Development Education Centre, Registered Charity 515020, www.cdec.org.uk 015394 31602, [email protected], Low Nook, Rydal Road, Ambleside, LA22 9BB
2
Resources needed – Warm up activity Three A4 laminated cards that state “Yes”, “No”, or “Not sure”
Globe
Background information on African and European countries
Instructions - Warm up activity 1. Introductions The idea of all these activities is to get a snapshot of what you know and think (just now) about
other places and what is going on in the world.
No need to worry – it’s not a test and all we want is for you to relax and be honest
We have 5 activities coming up to get a snapshot of what you know and think, but first, a couple of activities to get us started
2. Ups and downs Form a circle, everyone crouches down
Tell them that you are going to describe a type of person – and if that description applies to them, they should spring up and stand – stretching arms up if they really fit the description
When anyone stands up, everyone else has to clap (every time)
Keep a lively pace
Example descriptions to use: a birthday in August, a relative who lives in a different country, likes football, likes chocolate, is male, is female
3. Throwing the globe Throw the globe for a pupil to catch
Ask them to say their name - eg, Liz
Ask the group to think of the name of a country with the same letter (or a letter near to that letter if they are stuck!) – eg Liberia or Lithuania
The pupil with the globe throws it to the first person who names a country
That pupil says their name – eg Milada
The other pupils shout out the names of countries – eg Mexico or Malawi
Milada throw the globe to the first pupil who calls out an appropriate country name
And so on for about 10 turns
Put the globe aside
Warm up activity “Getting started”
15 mins
Cumbria Development Education Centre, Registered Charity 515020, www.cdec.org.uk 015394 31602, [email protected], Low Nook, Rydal Road, Ambleside, LA22 9BB
3
4. Q&A Ask teachers/helpers to stand in 3 corners of the room/space - each to hold up a laminated card
that states either “Yes”, “No”, or “Not sure” (or stick the cards on the walls).
Ask the following questions in turn, preferably asking a supporting adult to note the numbers who choose Yes, No or Not Sure for each question, on a record sheet:
1. Did you have breakfast this morning?
2. Was there anything you ate or drank that came from this country? Ask for a volunteer to say what they ate or drank that was from this country. Ask if any of the pupils wish to change their position
3. Was there anything you ate or drank that came from another country?
Ask for a volunteer to say what they ate or drank that was from another country. Ask if any of the pupils wish to change their position
4. Has anyone been to another country in Europe? Ask a few volunteers which countries
5. Think about how many different countries there are in Europe. Are there fewer than 10?
Are there more than 30? Answer – Yes, one website says 46
6. Has anyone been to Africa?
7. Think about how many countries there are in Africa. Are there fewer than 20?
Are there more than 30? Are there more than 50? Answer – Yes, one website says 53
8. Think about the sizes of Africa and Europe. Are they the same size?
Is Africa bigger than Europe? Is it more than twice the size? Answer – Yes, about 3x the size
6. Conclusion Form a circle again
Explain that there is not a definitive answer to how many countries there are in Africa or Europe – some people disagree about where the boundaries are and sometimes there are disputes.
For your own information, see the information sheet about countries in Africa and Europe
Cumbria Development Education Centre, Registered Charity 515020, www.cdec.org.uk 015394 31602, [email protected], Low Nook, Rydal Road, Ambleside, LA22 9BB
4
Resources needed - Audit 1 A3 size blank maps of Africa – one per group of 4 pupils
An A4 laminated sheet that states, “Everything you know about people and places in Africa” (or a PowerPoint slide that shows this)
Pen for each group
Record sheet
Instructions - Audit 1
Ask the pupils to form into groups of 4 and tell them that they will be working in those groups
Supply each group with a blank map of Africa and a pen (per group)
Ask them to nominate one person in the group to write or draw everything they know about people and places in Africa on or around the map (they can take turns as scribe, but only one writes at a time)
Reinforce this by holding up the A4 laminated sheet that states, “Everything you know about people and places in Africa” (or display the same on a PowerPoint slide)
Give them about 5 minutes to do the activity (in their groups of 4)
Try to avoid giving them ideas (and politely prevent colleagues from giving them ideas!)
Collect in the sheets after about 5 minutes – holding each up for the whole class to see
Thank them and say that you will need to take the sheets away to see what they have done – but that you will be able to return them in due course
Mention to the pupils that they will be exploring more about Africa in later sessions
Note the results on the record sheet – this will take time, so you will have to take the sheets away with you
Audit 1: What do you know about
Africa? “Mapping Africa”
10 mins
Cumbria Development Education Centre, Registered Charity 515020, www.cdec.org.uk 015394 31602, [email protected], Low Nook, Rydal Road, Ambleside, LA22 9BB
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Resources needed - Audit 2 Twelve photos – 6 from Europe, 6 from Africa - including some that do not conform to national
stereotypes numbered randomly
Each photo blue tacked onto large blank sheets of paper and spaced out on large tables/on the walls/on the floor/on stands around the room (or outside space)
Three A4 laminated sheets that state “Europe”, “Africa” and “Somewhere Else” in 3 different colours
Sticky dots or pens in those same 3 colours
List of the numbered photos that identifies where each was taken for use by facilitator
Results record sheet
Instructions - Audit 2 1. Explain to the group
Explain that they will look at 12 photos from different places and decide, in each case, whether
the photo was taken in Europe, Africa or somewhere else
Explain that they should mark each sheet (not the photo itself) with a dot (sticky dot or pen
mark) to indicate Europe, Africa or somewhere else – tell them which colour is for which
To reinforce this, hold up the A4 laminated sheets that state “Europe”, “Africa” and “Somewhere Else” in 3 different colours and then leave them visible (eg stuck on wall or stand)
2. Visiting the photos Children visit one photo at a time in groups of 4, spending just 2 minutes at each photo
They start by discussing what is in the photo, what might be outside the photo (that can’t be seen) and what might be going on.
Each pupil should decide (as an individual) and indicate using the dots or pens whether they think the picture is Europe, Africa or somewhere else.
Audit 2: Where is this?
“Picture puzzle” 25 mins
Cumbria Development Education Centre, Registered Charity 515020, www.cdec.org.uk 015394 31602, [email protected], Low Nook, Rydal Road, Ambleside, LA22 9BB
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Continue until all groups have visited all the photos
When they are at the photo where they started, ask them to total the dots in each colour – so you can make your record
3. Review and discussion (for longer version, if time allows) Choose one or two pictures for discussion, either a photo with lots of disagreement, or one
where the majority got it wrong.
Hold up the chosen picture, and ask an open question such as, “I wonder why so many people thought this couldn’t be in Africa”; or “I wonder why there were so many different ideas about this picture”, and support some discussion around the pupils’ ideas in response.
Continue with further pictures, as time allows
Reveal the place these pictures were taken, by silently placing them into 2 piles, then stating “they are all either Africa or Europe”, and showing which group is which.
Ask whether anyone is surprised (and generate further discussion, as time allows)
Cumbria Development Education Centre, Registered Charity 515020, www.cdec.org.uk 015394 31602, [email protected], Low Nook, Rydal Road, Ambleside, LA22 9BB
7
Resources needed - Audit 3
The question “Why are people in the world hungry?” written large (on a laminate sheet or
PowerPoint slide or on white board or blackboard)
A4 laminated sheets giving the possible answers to the question:
Audit 3: Why are people in the world hungry? “Thinking
about hunger” 15 mins
Reasons (Primary School pupils): A. There are too many people in the world B. Not enough food grows in hot, poorer countries C. People in rich countries don’t give enough to charity D. People in poorer countries are not paid enough for what they grow E. Food grown in poorer countries is sent to rich countries F. People in poorer countries can’t grow food because of wars G. A few people in poorer countries keep all the money to themselves H. Poor education and skills in poorer countries
Reasons (Secondary School pupils):
A. There are too many people in the world
B. Bad climate and lots of natural disasters in poorer countries
C. People in rich countries don’t give enough in aid or charity
D. The international trading system is unfair to poorer countries E. Food grown in poorer countries is sent to rich countries
F. Conflicts and wars between and within poorer countries
G. Corruption and poor government in poorer countries
H. Lack of education and skills in poorer countries
Cumbria Development Education Centre, Registered Charity 515020, www.cdec.org.uk 015394 31602, [email protected], Low Nook, Rydal Road, Ambleside, LA22 9BB
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Eight small containers to place the seeds when voting.
Arrange these in a circle (on table or on the floor) such that the pupils can circulate around the
outside of them
Seeds (3 for each pupil) for voting
Record sheet
Some background information on “myths about hunger” for teachers to read afterwards
Instructions - Audit 3 1. First ideas
Ask pupils to stand in a big circle.
Pose the question, “Why are people in the world hungry?” (which is written large on a laminate
sheet or PowerPoint slide or on white board or blackboard)
Give the pupils 20 seconds to think about this individually. You can ask them to close their eyes
whilst thinking
Ask them to discuss their thoughts in pairs for 60 seconds
2. Voting for best answers
Now tell them that you have provided 8 possible reasons and that they are to consider these
carefully and decide (individually) which of the 8 they most agree with
Give them 3 seeds each
Read out and show them the reasons (on the cards) - one card being next to a container
Ask the pupils to vote for the 3 reason(s) that they most agree with – by circulating, reading the
reasons, then choosing the 3 reasons
Each pupil must place their 3 seeds in 3 different containers
Count the seeds in the containers in the presence of the pupils
Record the results on the record sheet – you are recording the decisions of individuals in this
case. (You will need to finish off the record sheet later, with % etc.)
Cumbria Development Education Centre, Registered Charity 515020, www.cdec.org.uk 015394 31602, [email protected], Low Nook, Rydal Road, Ambleside, LA22 9BB
9
Resources needed - Audit 4
The question “What is poverty?” written large (on a laminate sheet or PowerPoint slide or on
white board or blackboard)
A pair of A4 laminated sheets – “Agree” and “Disagree”
A rope (about 5m long)
Record sheet for pupil groups to record comments
Facilitator record sheet
Instructions - Audit 4
1. Using the concept line
Lay out the rope in a straight line with the “Agree” and “Disagree” cards at each end (propped up
if possible, eg on chairs)
The pupils gather to the side of the line, about a metre away from the rope
Tell the pupils that you are going to explain how to use a “concept line”. Tell them it involves you
reading out a statement and them thinking whether they agree or disagree with that statement.
Explain that they may agree or disagree wholeheartedly or partially
To show what they think, they will select a position to stand on the rope line
Demonstrate by asking for 3 volunteers to step forward
Read the statement, “Footballers deserve to earn high salaries” and ask your 3 volunteers to
stand on the line to show how far they agree or disagree with this statement
Now explain that you would like to hear reasons for their choices
Don’t pick on the volunteers (unless they want to speak)
Ask the whole class, “Why might someone agree that footballers deserve to earn high salaries?”
and allow a volunteer to give their reason
Audit 4: What is poverty?
“Thinking about being poor”
30 mins
Cumbria Development Education Centre, Registered Charity 515020, www.cdec.org.uk 015394 31602, [email protected], Low Nook, Rydal Road, Ambleside, LA22 9BB
10
Now ask the whole class why someone might disagree with that opinion and allow a volunteer to
give their reason for disagreeing
Ask if any of the 3 volunteers wants to change their position on the line – let them do so
Then thank them and ask them to rejoin the rest of the pupils
Explain that this is how the “concept line” works – we listen and think, and we give and ask for
reasons for statements – and then we think some more. We might change our minds
2. Poverty questions
Pose the question, “What is poverty?” (which is written large on a laminate sheet or PowerPoint
slide or on white board or blackboard). If the term seems difficult, perhaps say “being poor”
Give the pupils 20 seconds to think about this individually. You can ask them to close their eyes
whilst thinking
Ask them to discuss their thoughts in pairs for 60 seconds. (This gives everyone the chance to
engage with the question and not to leave it to others to think about it.)
Now, tell them that the whole class will be involved in using the concept line
Use the following statements about poverty in turn, asking pupils to place themselves on a
position on the rope line (or as near to it as they can) to indicate how far they agree/disagree,
ask volunteers to give reasons for statements and asking volunteers for other ways of looking at
things – staying for about 3 minutes on each topic:
o Poverty isn’t just about money, it’s about other things too
o If you are poor, you are likely to be more unhealthy
o There is no real poverty in our country
Avoid stating your own views and try not to indicate approval or disapproval (eg by tone of
voice) - seek alternatives from volunteers among the pupils, following where they lead, asking
for reasons
3. Writing main ideas
To assist in recording the pupils’ ideas, ask pupils to form again into groups of 4
Give each group a copy of the pupil record sheet
Tell them that you’d like their thoughts about the 3 statements in writing
They can select one person to do the writing on behalf of the group – we won’t be marking them
on spelling or grammar!
Give them 6 minutes (about 2 minutes per statement) to agree and then write down their main
thoughts under each statement
4. Conclusion
Collect in the sheets (and use them later to complete the facilitator record sheet)
Tell the pupils that we will be exploring more about poverty in future activities and that the next
activity today looks at what we can do to make a difference to poverty in the world
Cumbria Development Education Centre, Registered Charity 515020, www.cdec.org.uk 015394 31602, [email protected], Low Nook, Rydal Road, Ambleside, LA22 9BB
11
Resources needed - Audit 5
The question “How can we make a difference to poverty in the world?” written large (on a
laminate sheet or PowerPoint slide or on white board or blackboard)
A pair of A5 laminated cards for each group – one states “most difference to poverty”, one reads
“least difference to poverty”
Sufficient sets (for groups of 4) of 10 x A5 laminated sheets giving possible answers to the
question, plus one blank laminated sheet:
A pen for each group - water soluble, to use on the blank laminated sheet – or use Post-its to
place on that sheet instead
Pupil record sheet and ordinary pen for each group.
Tables for groups to lay the cards out on (or they can use the floor)
Facilitator record sheet
Audit 5: How can we make a difference to poverty in the world? “Making a difference”
15 mins
o Sign a petition on a website that campaigns against poverty – “petition” o Persuade family and friends to buy Fairtrade items – “Fairtrade” o Write to supermarkets to ask them to make sure that all producers get a fair price for
their goods – “supermarkets” o Find out about the reasons for poverty (in this country and in other countries) – “find
out” o Invite our MP and other local people to an assembly about poverty – “assembly, MP” o Get to know pupils who live in a poorer country – “pupil links” o Tell important people, like the Prime Minister, to change trading rules – “PM” o Give old computers to schools in poorer countries – “old computers” o Give money to charity – “charity” o Do a sponsored walk to raise money – “walk” o A blank sheet - “our extra ideas”
Cumbria Development Education Centre, Registered Charity 515020, www.cdec.org.uk 015394 31602, [email protected], Low Nook, Rydal Road, Ambleside, LA22 9BB
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Instructions - Audit 5 1. First ideas
Pose the question, “How can we make a difference to poverty in the world?” (which is written
large on a laminate sheet or PowerPoint slide or on white board or blackboard)
Give the pupils 20 seconds to think about this individually. You can ask them to close their eyes
whilst thinking
Ask them to discuss their thoughts in pairs for 60 seconds
2. Group ranking activity
Pupils to work in groups of 4
Explain that you have provided 10 possible ways to make a difference to poverty in the world
and that these are written on a set of A5 cards – with one extra card and a pen in case they wish
to add their own extra ideas
Read out and show them the 10 cards and ask them to agree, as a group, how to rank the ideas
Explain they should rank them in a line with the one that they think will make most difference on
the right, and the one they think will make least difference on the left (or top to bottom)
Place the “most difference” and “least difference” cards in position (at top/bottom or right/left)
Demonstrate (with the 10 ideas cards turned over so you don’t influence their choices)
Give out a set of cards to each group, reminding them that they can add ideas on the blank card
with the water soluble pen
Give them 5 minutes to rank the cards
Make sure that they rank the 10 cards in order. They can add their own ideas separately, using
the blank sheet, using Post-its
3. Groups record their ideas
Give each group the pupil record sheet and ordinary pen. They can use the shortened versions
of the ideas, eg “Fairtrade” to fill in their results. If they have added their own ideas, this does
not form part of the ranking but these ideas are added on the other side of the pupil record sheet
Collect these pupil record sheets in from each group – you will need these to collate the class
record
After the session, record the results on the facilitator record sheet – you are recording the
decisions of groups in this case, using the sheets that you collected from each group:
o Note the number and % of groups that said “Yes” to “Do you think you can make a
difference to poverty in the world?”
o For each idea in the table, note the group’s rankings in column 2, then average the ranking
for each idea in column 3
o When you have recorded this for all 10 ideas, rank those ideas from 1 to 10 for the whole
class (with 1 being the idea that was felt to be most effective, 10 the least effective)
Write in the pupils’ own extra ideas separately in the last part of the table
Cumbria Development Education Centre, Registered Charity 515020, www.cdec.org.uk 015394 31602, [email protected], Low Nook, Rydal Road, Ambleside, LA22 9BB
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Resources needed for pupil end of day evaluation – shorter version
Rope line (concept line)
Prompt cards for either end: Agree – Disagree
Instructions – shorter version Lay out a concept line, with prompt cards at either end (Agree and Disagree) and ask the pupils
to stand to one side
Explain that you want to have some feedback from them about the activities
Use statements; ask them to stand on the line in an appropriate place o I enjoyed the activities o I found some difficult o I was surprised o I learned a lot o I want to find out more
Seek reasons (as appropriate and on a voluntary basis)
Record comments made (or ask a supporting adult to do this)
Resources needed for this activity – longer version
Three large (A1 size) sheets of paper for pupil comments, with the following written in the centre
(if it is a large class, have 2 of each sheet). o Things that surprised me/I learned o Things I want to find out more about o I enjoyed ... I found difficult
Pens
Evaluation “Last words”
10 mins
Cumbria Development Education Centre, Registered Charity 515020, www.cdec.org.uk 015394 31602, [email protected], Low Nook, Rydal Road, Ambleside, LA22 9BB
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Instructions – longer version
Just before we finish today, can you please tell me what you thought about today’s activities
There are 3 sheets and some pens around the room
Read out what the sheets say o Things that surprised me/I learned o Things I want to find out more about o I enjoyed ... I found difficult
Ask them to get into their groups – get each group to sit/stand near one of the sheets (there may be 2 - 3 groups to one sheet – add duplicate sheets if you need to)
They will have 2 minutes at each sheet to write their main thoughts – they can do this individually or as a group
After every 2 minutes – wait until I tell you, then move to the next sheet (indicate clockwise)
At the second sheet, read what the others said before you. If you agree, just add a tick. If you disagree, add a cross. Add any other comment that you wish, too
And so on
Let them return to their original sheets and to read the comments made
Next steps for teachers Get the pupils to complete the follow-on questionnaire (individually), either independently or by
reading out the questions to younger children.
Compare your results with the Pupil Audit Report, drawn from multiple classes of children in England, Poland, the Czech Republic and Ghana in 2012. See CDEC website at www.cdec.org.uk.
Think about borrowing further resources from CDEC, to extend the children’s understanding of the diversity and richness of life in African countries, and stimulus for philosophical enquiry on themes related to fairness, poverty and development.
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Yes
Pupil Audit activity - ice breaker
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No
Pupil Audit activity - ice breaker
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Not sure
Pupil Audit activity - ice breaker
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Global Literacy for a Fairer World! Background information for teachers (relating to the ice breakers for pupil audit activities) How many countries are there in the continents of Africa and Europe? www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/contnent.htm lists 53 countries in Africa and 46 in Europe http://listofafricancountries.com lists 61 states for Africa. Other sites give different numbers. http://countries-of-europe.com/?p=877 states that on the political map of Europe there are 50 independent states but that the count depends on:
the definition of the borders of Europe, and
the criteria for the inclusion of unrecognized and partially recognized states, and
whether you count dependent territories
Members of the European Union (27) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherland, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK Relative sizes of Europe and Africa
See Oxfam’s website for an interactive activity for pupils about the relative sizes of countries using different projections for maps - www.oxfam.org.uk/education/resources/mapping_our_world/mapping_our_world/07-Howmanytimes/howmanytimes.htm The cartoon character will tell your pupils that Britain fits into Africa 36 times on a map that uses the Mercator projection (which is more accurate when it comes to shape) but 80 times on a map using the Peters projection (which is more accurate when it comes to land mass). Using measurement by km2 (Britain – 229,955 km2, Africa -30,065,000 km2) Britain fits 130 times into Africa.
www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/contnent.htm gives 30,065,000 km2 as the size of Africa and 9,938,000 km2 as the size of Europe, which would mean that Europe “fits into” Africa about 3 times (as along as you agree on the borders they are using for Europe!) www.informationisbeautiful.net/2010/the-true-size-of-africa/ this graphic shows how large Africa is – by fitting lots of other countries into it
19
Pu
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ud
it activ
ity 1
20
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22
Pupil Audit activity 1a
23
Ma
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rom
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24
Africa
Pupil Audit activity 2
25
Europe
Pupil Audit activity 2
26
Somewhere
else
Pupil Audit activity 2
27
A
B
28
C
D
29
E
F
30
G
H
31
I
J
32
K
L
33
Global Literacy for a Fairer World! – Pupil Audits
List of photos used for Activity 2 of the pupil baseline audit
Tag Africa or Europe?
Details
A E Czech Republic – slum with dog
B A Cameroon – cityscape
C A Kenya – boys playing football
D A Kenya – road near Nairobi
E E England – Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria – town street
F E Italy – view of Florence
G A Kenya – Nairobi – well heeled neighbourhood
H A Kenya – Nairobi – different grades of housing, satellite dish
I E England – Dunstaburgh Castle in the mist
J E Czech Republic – near a mine
K A Uganda – Kampala – man at computer desk
L E England – Cumbria
34
Pupil Audit activity 3
Why are
people in the
world
hungry?
35
There are
too many
people in
the world
Pupil Audit activity 3 – primary & secondary
36
Not enough
food grows
in hot, poor
countries
Pupil Audit activity 3 - primary
37
Bad climate &
lots of natural
disasters in
poorer
countries
Pupil Audit activity 3 - secondary
38
People in rich
countries
don’t give
enough to
charity
Pupil Audit activity 3 - primary
39
People in rich
countries
don’t give
enough in aid
or charity
Pupil Audit activity 3 - secondary
40
People in
poorer
countries are
not given
enough for
what they grow
Pupil Audit activity 3 - primary
41
The
international
trading system
is unfair to
poorer
countriesPupil Audit activity 3 - secondary
42
Food grown
in poor
countries is
sent to rich
countries
Pupil Audit activity 3 – primary & secondary
43
People in
poorer
countries
can’t grow
food because
of wars
Pupil Audit activity 3 - primary
44
Conflicts
within and
between
poorer
countries
Pupil Audit activity 3 - secondary
45
A few people
in poorer
countries
keep all the
money to
themselves
Pupil Audit activity 3 – primary
46
Corruption
and poor
government
in poorer
countries
Pupil Audit activity 3 – secondary
47
Poor
education &
skills in
poorer
countries
Pupil Audit activity 3 – primary
48
Lack of
education &
skills in
poorer
countries
Pupil Audit activity 3 – secondary
49
Teachers – for your information. World Hunger. Below is a shortened extract from the below website. Please see the website for the full version, and for all the references and acknowledgements. http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm
Does the world produce enough food to feed everyone?
The world produces enough food to feed everyone. World agriculture produces 17 percent more calories per person today than it did 30 years ago, despite a 70 percent population increase. This is enough to provide everyone in the world with at least 2,720 kilocalories (kcal) per person per day (FAO 2002, p.9). The principal problem is that many people in the world do not have sufficient land to grow, or income to purchase, enough food.
What are the causes of hunger?
What are the causes of hunger is a fundamental question, with varied answers.
Poverty is the principal cause of hunger. The causes of poverty include poor people's lack of resources, an extremely unequal income distribution in the world and within specific countries, conflict, and hunger itself. As of 2008 (2005 statistics), the World Bank has estimated that there were an estimated 1,345 million poor people in developing countries who live on $1.25 a day or less.
Progress in poverty reduction has been concentrated in Asia, and especially, East Asia, with the major improvement occurring in China. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the number of people in extreme poverty has increased. The statement that 'poverty is the principal cause of hunger' is, though correct, unsatisfying. Why then are (so many) people poor? The next section summarizes Hunger Notes answer.
Harmful economic systems are the principal cause of poverty and hunger. Hunger Notes believes that the principal underlying cause of
poverty and hunger is the ordinary operation of the economic and political systems in the world. Essentially control over resources and income is based on military, political and economic power that typically ends up in the hands of a minority, who live well, while those at the bottom barely survive. Liz note – see www.wto.org/ for what the international “establishment” has to say and www.tjm.org.uk/trade-issues.html for what the Trade Justice Movement has to say about how world trade works.
Conflict as a cause of hunger and poverty. By the end of 2008, the total number of refugees under UNHCR’s mandate exceeded 10 million.
The number of conflict-induced internally displaced persons (IDPs) reached some 26 million worldwide at the end of the year. Providing exact figures on the number of stateless people is extremely difficult But, important, (relatively) visible though it is, and anguishing for those involved conflict is less important as poverty (and its causes) as a cause of hunger. (Using the statistics above 1.02 billion people suffer from chronic hunger while 36 million people are displaced [UNHCR 2008])
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Hunger is also a cause of poverty, and thus of hunger. By causing poor health, low levels of energy, and even mental impairment, hunger can lead to even greater poverty by reducing people's ability to work and learn, thus leading to even greater hunger.
Climate change Climate change is increasingly viewed as a current and future cause of hunger and poverty. Increasing drought, flooding, and
changing climatic patterns requiring a shift in crops and farming practices that may not be easily accomplished are three key issues. Global warming causes 300,000 deaths a year, study says and Could food shortages bring down civilization?
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Agree
Pupil Audit activity 4
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Disagree
Pupil Audit activity 4
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Pupil Audit activity 5
How can we make
a difference to
poverty in the
world?
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Most difference
to poverty
Pupil Audit activity 5
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Least difference
to poverty
Pupil Audit activity 5
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Sign a petition on
a website that
campaigns
against poverty
PetitionPupil Audit activity 5
Persuade family
and friends to buy
Fairtrade items
Fairtrade
Pupil Audit activity 5
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Write to supermarkets
to ask them to make
sure that all producers
get a fair price for their
goods
SupermarketsPupil Audit activity 5
Find out about the
reasons for poverty
(in this country and
in other countries)
Find outPupil Audit activity 5
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Find out about the
reasons for poverty
(in this country and
in other countries)
Find outPupil Audit activity 5
Invite our MP and
other local people to
an assembly about
poverty
Assembly, MPPupil Audit activity 5
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Get to know
pupils who live
in a poorer
country
Pupil linksPupil Audit activity 5
Tell important
people, like the
Prime Minister,
to change
trading rules
PMPupil Audit activity 5
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Give old
computers to
schools in
poorer
countries
Old computersPupil Audit activity 5
Give money to
charity
Charity
Pupil Audit activity 5
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Do a
sponsored
walk to raise
money
WalkPupil Audit activity 5
Our extra ideas
Pupil Audit activity 5
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Things that
surprised meor
I learned
Pupil Audit evaluation
63
Things I
want to
find out
more
aboutPupil Audit evaluation
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I enjoyed
Pupil Audit evaluation
I found
difficult
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Record sheet for Audit Activity 1 What do you know about Africa? Date of audit:
Name of school: Class: Teacher(s):
Number of groups in the class (on the day): Average age of pupils: Country:
Category
Examples of items written in that category
Numbers of items in that category
% of total of items written
Natural Environment eg climate, animals and plants
Built environment eg houses and schools
People & Society eg colour of skin, daily lives
Countries and features eg names of countries and landmarks
Category
Examples of items written in that category
Numbers of items in that category
% of total of items written
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Culture and history eg traditions, music, etc
Energy, transport and communication
Economic activity eg jobs and production
Total number of items written =
100%
Please record any incidental comments made by pupils…..
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Record sheet for Audit Activity 2
Where is this? Date of audit:
Name of school: Class: Teacher(s):
Number of pupils in the class (on the day): Average age of pupils: Country:
Photo number
Description
Where actually taken
Pupils thought EU Number, %
Pupils thought Africa Number, %
Pupils thought elsewhere Number, %
How many correct? Number, %
A
Slum and dog
Europe – Czech Rep
B
Cityscape
Africa - Cameroon
C
Boys playing football
Africa - Kenya
D
Road
Africa - Kenya
E
Town street
Europe - England
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Photo number
Description
Where actually taken
Pupils thought EU Number, %
Pupils thought Africa Number, %
Pupils thought elsewhere Number, %
Correct? Number, %
F
View over city
Europe - Italy
G
Well-heeled neighbourhood
Africa - Kenya
H
Different grades of housing
Africa - Kenya
I
Castle in mist
Europe - England
J
Dried earth
Europe – Czech Rep
K
Man at computer desk
Africa - Uganda
L
Countryside
Europe - England
In total, how many pupils were correct in their allocation to EU or Africa or elsewhere?
Where possible, please record comments made by pupils
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Record sheet for Audit Activity 3
Why are people in the World Hungry? Date of audit:
Name of school: Class: Teacher(s):
Number of pupils in the class (on the day): Average age of pupils: Country:
Reason
Number of
votes cast
% of total votes
cast
Ranking – most
important = 1, least = 8
A. There are too many people in the world
B. Not enough food grows in hot, poorer countries (P)
B. Bad climate and lots of natural disasters in poorer countries (S)
C. People in rich countries don’t give enough to charity (P)
C. People in rich countries don’t give enough in aid or charity (S)
D. People in poorer countries are not paid enough for what they grow (P)
D. The international trading system is unfair to poorer countries (S)
E. Food grown in poorer countries is sent to rich countries
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F. People in poorer countries can’t grow food because of wars (P)
F. Conflicts and wars between and within poorer countries (S)
G. A few people in poorer countries keep all the money to themselves (P)
G. Corruption and poor government in poorer countries (S)
H. Poor education and skills in poorer countries (P)
H. Lack of education and skills in poorer countries (S)
Please record any incidental comments made by pupils.
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Pupil record sheet – Audit Activity 4 School: Class: Date: What is poverty?
Please fill in this sheet as a group Please put your group’s main thoughts and ideas about each statement
Poverty isn’t just about money, it’s about other things too
If you are poor, you are likely to be more unhealthy
There is no real poverty in our country
Thank you
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Record sheet for Audit Activity 4
What is poverty? Date of audit:
Name of school: Class: Teacher(s):
Number of pupils in the class (on the day): Average age of pupils: Country: For column 3 – analysis, please review the pupils’ comments, considering things like:
Breadth of knowledge/understanding
Depth of knowledge/understanding
Tendency to stereotype or to be open minded
Awareness of the need to find out more
Awareness of interdependence/interconnectedness
Mentioning when the comments were typical or unique
Poverty isn’t just about money, it’s about other things too
Comments from pupil group sheets
Pupil comments recorded by helper
Analysis of pupil comments
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If you are poor, you are likely to be more unhealthy
Comments from pupil group sheets
Pupil comments recorded by helper
Analysis of pupil comments
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There is no real poverty in our country
Comments from pupil group sheets
Pupil comments recorded by helper
Analysis of pupil comments
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Pupil Record sheet for Audit Activity 5
School: Class: Date:
Do you think you can make a difference to poverty in the world?
Yes
No
Please circle Yes or No
Now, please record how you ranked the 10 cards: Put the best idea as number 1, the next best idea as number 2 and so on … You can write the short version of the idea – shown in red on the cards The idea
1
Best idea
2
next best idea
3
and so on …
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Least
If you added some extra ideas of your own, please write them here ...... Thank you
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Record sheet for Audit Activity 5
How can we make a difference to poverty in the world? Date of audit:
Name of school: Class: Teacher(s):
Number of groups of pupils in the class (on the day): Average age of pupils: Country:
The number of groups that said “Yes” to “Do you think you can make a difference to poverty in the world? : = % of whole:
Ideas for making a difference to poverty in the
world
Rankings given by pupil groups
to this idea (1 being most
effective 10 being least)
Average ranking for
this idea (on the
scale of 10)
Overall ranking given
by this class for this
idea
Example idea 1 1, 5, 8, 2, 9 5 2
Sign a petition on a website that campaigns against poverty – “petition”
Persuade family and friends to buy Fairtrade items – “Fairtrade”
Write to supermarkets to ask them to make sure that all producers get a fair price for their goods – “supermarkets”
Find out about the reasons for poverty (in this country and in other countries) – “find out”
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Invite our MP and other local people to an assembly about poverty – “assembly, MP”
Get to know pupils who live in a poorer country – “pupil links”
Tell important people, like the Prime Minister, to change trading rules – “PM”
Give old computers to schools in poorer countries – “old computers”
Give money to charity – “charity”
Do a sponsored walk to raise money – “walk”
Pupils’ own ideas …
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79
80
81
82
83
84
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This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of Cumbria Development Education Centre (CDEC) and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union