Punjab Univrsity Sociology

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PANJAB UNIVERSITY

CHANDIGARH

FACULTY OF ARTS

SYLLABI

FOR

M.A. SOCIOLOGY PARTS I & II

(ANNUAL SYSTEM) EXAMINATION, 2011



GUIDELINES FOR CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (20%) FOR REGULAR

STUDENTS OF POST-GRADUATE COURSES (Annual System) Except M.Sc. (Mathematics)

(Effective from the First Year Admissions for the Academic Session 2004-2005)

1. The Syndicate has approved the following guidelines, mode of testing and evaluation including

Continuous Internal Assessment of students :

(i) Terminal Evaluation : 80 %(ii) Continuous Assessment : 20 %

(iii) Continuous Assessment may include written assignment, snap tests, participation in

discussions in the class, term papers, attendance etc.

(iv) In order to incorporate an element of Continuous Internal Assessment of students, the

Colleges/Departments will conduct three tests as quantified below :

(a) Three Tests :

I 25

II 25 2 best tests = 50

III 25

(b) Snap Tests : 15

(c) Participation in class discussions : 10

(d) Term Paper/s : 15

(e) Attendance : 10

Total : 100 reduced to 20

2. Weightage of 2 marks for attendance component out of 20 marks for Continuous Assessment shall be

available only to those students who attend 75% and more of classroom lectures/seminars/

workshops. The break–up of marks for attendance component for theory papers shall be as under :

Attendance Component Mark/s for Theory Papers

(a) 75 % and above upto 85 % : 1

(b) Above 85 % : 2

3. It shall not be compulsory to pass in Continuous Internal Assessment. Thus, whatever marks are

secured by a student out of 20% marks, will be carried forward and added to his/her score out of 80 %, i.e. the remaining marks allocated to the particular subject and, thus, he/she shall have to secure

pass marks both in the University examinations as well as total of Internal Continuous Assessment

and University examinations.

4. Continuous Internal Assessment awards from the affiliated Colleges/Departments must be sent to the

Controller of Examinations, by name, two weeks before the commencement of the particular

examination on the proforma obtainable from the Examination Branch.

SPECIAL NOTE:

(i) The theory question paper will be of 80 marks and 20 marks will be for internal assessment.

(ii) In the case of Postgraduate Courses in the Faculties of Arts, Science, Languages, Education,Design & Fine Arts, and Business Management & Commerce (falling under the purview of

Academic Council), where such a provision of Internal Assessment/Continuous Assessment

already exists, the same will continue as before.

(iii) The marks obtained by a candidate in Continuous Internal Assessment in Postgraduate Classes

from the admissions of 2004 will be shown separately in the Detailed-Marks-Card (D.M.C.).



PANJAB UNIVERSITY CHANDIGARH

OUTLINES OF TESTS, SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING IN THE

SUBJECT OF M.A. SOCIOLOGY (ANNUAL SYSTEM) PARTS I& II FOR THE

EXAMINATION OF 2011.

M.A. PART I

Course No Title

SOC R 101 Sociological Thought

SOC R 102 Research Methodology & Techniques of Social Research

SOC R 103 Social Stratification—Concepts & TheoriesSOC R 104 Indian Society

M.A.PART II

Course No Title

SOC R 201 Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology

SOC R 202 Social DevelopmentSOC O 203 Urban Sociology

SOC O 204 Sociology of Family & Gender

SOC O 205 Dissertation

NOTE

1. In M.A. Part I all courses, i.e 101,102,103 & 104 are compulsory.

2. In M.A. Part II Course No. 201 & 202 are compulsory and the students will have

to choose any two courses out of the optional papers - O 203, O 204 and O 205.

3. R stands for required course. O stands for optional course.

4. The students enrolled in Correspondence Studies Department can opt forDissertation (SOC O 205) and the students opting for dissertation (SOC O 205)

will be required to take one optional paper out of the remaining two i.e eitherSOC O 203 or SOC O 204. Dissertation will be available for first eight students,in order of merit, from among those who will have scored at least 50% in the

aggregate in M.A. Part I. Dissertation will be of 100 marks.

5. Dissertation (SOC O 205) cannot be offered by students studying in the affiliated

colleges.



M.A. PART - I

SOC R-101: SOCIOLOGICAL THOUGHT

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES: (i) The theory question paper will be of 80 marks and 20 marks will be for internal

assessment.

(ii) For improvement and reappear candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for

internal assessment, the marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be

increased to maximum marks of the paper in lieu of internal assessment.

The paper setter must put note (ii) in the question paper.

There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question shall be short answer type containing 15 short

questions spread over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25-30 words each. The

candidate is required to attempt any 10 short answer type questions of 2 marks each. It shall carry

20 marks and shall be compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unit

shall have two questions with internal choice i.e. the candidate shall attempt one question from

each Unit – 4 in all.

OBJECTIVES -

Industrial Revolution and consequent transformation of mode of production brought dramatic and

traumatic changes in the traditional feudal structure of the societies in Europe through the

emergence of capitalism. The changes brought by these events had far reaching effects on the

economic and social systems of these societies and commanded attention of thinkers. The

discipline of Sociology was the child of these social and academic developments. Differentthinkers viewed the societal changes from different perspectives, presented their distinct analysis,

causal and otherwise, of these changes, made efforts to highlight the different features of the

emerging modern industrial capitalist society and also attempted to predict the future of this

society. Some of them engaged their attention on the issues related to development of Sociologyas a Science. They laid down the theoretical foundations of Sociology on which the edifice of

modern sociological theories is erected. Besides, they also tried to analyse and interpret other

sociological issues such as education, power structures, religion and the like. Among these

sociological thinkers prominent are Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber and Vilfredo Pareto,

beginning with Saint Simon and August Comte.

Acquaintance with the writings of these four thinkers would equip the students with theoretical

insights to know, analyse and interpret the social scenario around them and would also familiarize

them with the different sociological perspectives and theories. While teaching emphasis shall be

on critical analysis of the writing of these four thinkers.

COURSE OUTLINE:Unit I- Historical socio-economic background of the emergence of Sociology

Impact of industrial revolution and of new mode of production on society and economy.

The emergence of capitalistic mode of production-Nature and features of capitalism.

The enlightenment and its impact on thinking and reasoning.

A brief review of Enlightenment thought with special reference to Rousseau and of the

Conservative reaction to it, with special reference to St- Simon and Comte.



Unit - II- Karl Marx

Karl Marx: Intellectual Background.

Marxian Dialectical materialism as a philosophical perspective of change and its laws.

Marx’s theory of social changeMaterialistic interpretation of history: As a perspective of explaining transformation of human

society through different stages. Economic determinism. Mode of production and social

structure. Base and super structure.

Marx’s analysis of emergence and development of capitalism in terms of laws of increasing

accumulation and concentration of capital and of increasing misery, alienation.

Emergence of classes and class conflict. Proletariat revolution and future of capitalism. Classless

society.

Unit - III- Emile Durkheim

Emile Durkheim: Intellectual background.

Theory of division of labour and Social solidarity.

Theory of suicide: Suicide rate, Types of suicide, Problem of integration of the individual with

society.

Theory of Religion: Nature of religion-sacred and profane, Religious rituals- their types, social

role of religious beliefs and rituals.

Contribution to the methodology of Sociology- (Rules of Sociological methed).

Unit - IV- Max Weber and Vilfredo Pareto

Max Weber: Intellectual background.

Theory of social action, Nature & types of social actions

Analysis of modern capitalism. Protestant ethic and emergence of capitalism

Theory of Authority- Authority and power, Types of authority and bases of their legitimacy.

Theory of Bureaucracy

Concepts of status, class and power

Contribution to the methodology of social science- Distinctive nature of social realities because

of meanings attached to them- Sociology as an interpretative science. Concepts of verstehen and

ideal types.

Vilfredo Pareto

Vilfredo Pareto: Intellectual backgroundContribution to the methodology- his logico- experimental method

Classification of logical and non-logical actions, Explanation of non-logical actions in terms of

his theory of Residues and Derivatives, Classification of Residues and Derivations.

Theory of social change- Elites and masses. Types of elites, their classification, circulation of

Elites.



ESSENTIAL READINGS

Bendix, R, Max Weber, An Intellectual Portrait, New York, Doubleday, 1960.

Coser, L. A, Masters of Sociological Thought, New York: Harcourt Brace, pp. 43-87, 129-174,

217-260, 1977.

Giddens, Anthony, Capitalism and Modern Social Theory, London, Cambridge, U, Press, 1997.

Hughes, John A., Martin, Peter, J. and Sharrock, W.E., Understanding Classical Sociology- Marx,

Weber and Durkheim, London: Sage Publications, Whole Book, 1995.

Lukes, Steven, Emile Durkheim: His life and work, London, Allen Lane, 1973.

Nisbet, 1966-The Sociological Tradition, Heinmann education Books Ltd., Landon.

Parsons, Talcott, 1937-1949, The Structure of Social Action Vol. I & II, McGraw Hill, New

York.

Ritzer, G., Sociological Theory, N.Y., McGraw-Hill, 1988.

Turner, J.H. and S.N. Eisenstadt (eds), The Structure of Sociological Theory, Homewood, Dorsey

Press, 1978.

Weber, Max The Theory of Social & Economic Organization, Glencoe, Free Press, 1947.

Zeitlin, Irving M., Ideology and the Development of Sociological Theory, New Delhi, Prentice

Hall, 1971.

FURTHER READINGS

Aron, Reymond, Main Currents in Sociological Thought, Vol. I and II, Penguin, Chapters on

Marx, Durkheim and Weber, 1967.

Avineri, S., The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx, London, Cambridge University Press,

1970.

Durkheim, E., The Division of labour in Society, Illinois, Free Press of Glancoe, 1960.

Marx, K. and F.Engels, The Manifesto of the Communist Party, Moscow, Progress Publishers,

1971.

Weber, Max, Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. London, Allen & Unwin, 1965.



SOC R 102: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES OF SOCIAL

RESEARCH

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES:

(i) The theory question paper will be of 80 marks and 20 marks will be for internalassessment.









shall have two questions with internal choice i.e. the candidate shall attempt one question fromeach Unit – 4 in all.

OBJECTIVE

The course plan aims to provide exposure to the student about fundamentals of various

research techniques and methods (both quantitative and qualitative). It describes the basicassumptions in adopting different methodologies for different kinds of research themes. In the

first section, it introduces the philosophical ideas underlying the emergence of different

methodologies of social sciences. The subsequent part of the syllabus attempts to sensitize

students to develop conceptual clarity, which can help them in their future research. Teaching

certain quantitative and qualitative methods, statistical techniques would help in the analysis of data.

UNIT-I

Schools of Epistemology:

Empiricism, Positivism, Interpretative; Emerging methodological issues.

Sociology as a Science:

Science and Scientific approach, Nature of social phenomena, Pure & Applied research, Values,

Objectivity; Value Neutrality.

UNIT-II

Conceptual Foundations of Research:

Concept, Fact, Theory: Theory construction, Hypothesis: Induction & Deduction.

Research Design; Exploratory, Descriptive, Experimental.

Sampling - Basic Sampling Issues, Probability sampling & Non-Probability sampling.



UNIT-III

Data Sources - Primary Data, Secondary Data

Methods & Techniques of Data collection- Questionnaire, Mailed Questionnaire, Interview

schedule, Telephone interview, Observation, Participant observation, Case study method, content

analysis, Focused Group Discussion, Ethnography, Oral history, Narratives.

UNIT-IV

Qualitative Vs Quantitative Research:

Methodological dilemmas & issues, Logic of triangulation – Mixing of qualitative & quantitative

methodologies.

Measurement-Levels, Problems (Reliability and validity)

Scaling Techniques- Thurstone, Likert, Guttman & Bogardus

Statistics in Social Research- Measures of central tendency (Mean, Median and Mode),

Measures of Dispersion(Standard deviation, Quartile deviation), Measures of Association (Phi,

Gamma, Lambda, Spearmans correlation, Pearsons R, Chi square)

ESSENTIAL READINGS

Bailey, K. D., Methods of Social Research, New York, The Free Press, 1997.

Blalock, H.M, Social Statistics, New York, McGraw Hill Company, 1979.

Denzin, Norman K., The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods, New

York, McGraw Hill, 1978.

Goode, W.J. and Hatt P.K, Methods In Social Research, New York, McGraw Hill, 1952.

Mukherjee, P.N, Methodology on Social Research; Dilemmas & Perspectives, New Delhi, Sage,

2000.

Punch, K. F, Introduction of Social Research, Quantitative & Qualitative Approach, New Delhi,Sage, 1998.

Robson, Colin, Real World Research Oxford, Blackwell, 2000.

FURTHER READINGS

Bentz, V.M. & J.J. Shapiro, Mindful Inquiry in Social Research, New Delhi, Sage, 1998.

Bickman, I. & Debra J. Roy, (eds.) Handbook of Applied Social Research Methods, New Delhi,

Sage, 1998.

Norman, R. Kurtz, Introduction to Social Statistics, London, McGraw Hill, 1985.

Pyne, et al., Sociology & Social Research, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1993.

Strauss Anselm, J.S, Basics of Qualitative Research Grounded Theory, Procedures and

Techniques, New Delhi, Sage, 1990.

Tashakkori, A. and Charles Teddlie, Handbook of Mixed Methods, New Delhi, Sage, 2003.

Tim, May, Social Research: Issues, Methods and Process. Buckingham, Open University Press,

2001.



SOC R 103: SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: CONCEPTS AND THEORIES


(i) The theory question paper will be of 80 marks and 20 marks will be for internal

assessment.

(ii) For improvement and reappear candidates, who have not been assessed earlier forinternal assessment, the marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be









OBJECTIVES

This course is designed to equip the students of Sociology with the understanding of the

patterns and theoretical explanations of social inequalities and their pervasive consequences both

for society and individual, which are debilitating for some and empowering for others.

The student is expected to understand the basic but overlapping concepts often used

interchangeably, meaning of social stratification, its dimensions and forms-namely caste and class.

They are also expected to imbibe the knowledge of various theoretical perspectives on caste and

class systems of social stratification within their intellectual repertory.

Since no system is static and tends to change in response to economic and political forces

students are expected to know about the emergence of new classes and process of social mobility

within and between different strata. Social mobility through the policy of protectivediscrimination along with its implications for individual and society, resurgence of caste, caste

and politics aim to inform the student about the contemporary Indian Society and its dynamics.

And finally the students should be able to understand the implications of race, ethnicity and

gender for social stratification after taking this course.

COURSE OUTLINE

UNIT-I

Concepts

Inequality, hierarchy, differentiation, social stratification. Dimensions of socialstratification. A brief introduction to caste, class, race, ethnicity & gender.

Theoretical Formulations

Functional theory-Davis & Moore, Parsons, & Warner.

Conflict theory - Marx & Dahrendorf

Multidimensional/combined theories- Weber, Lenski, Daniel Thorner,

Andre Beteille.



UNIT-II

Caste

Perspectives on caste-indological, attributional, interactional.

Caste & Mobility - perspectives-historical, political, institutional/affirmative action

(scheduled castes, Scheduled Tribes & Other Backward Classes);

Mandal Commission-The Sociological Debate.

Resurgence of caste in contemporary Indian Society.

UNIT-III

Class

Class in advanced societies, Middle Class & New Middle Class.

Class & mobility: Occupation and mobility, education and mobility

Caste & Class – interface

UNIT-IV

Race, Ethnicity and Gender

Basic concepts in the study of racial & ethnic relations:

Race, Racial group, ethnic groups (ideology & practice); minority & majority relations;

Causes of racial & ethnic inequality.

Theoretical perspectives , bio-social competition, power- conflict.

Gender Inequality

Gendered social roles, Gendering of work roles

Theoretical perspectives-Coercive bases of gender inequality

Voluntaristic bases of gender inequality & integrated theory of stability in systems of gender stratification.

ESSENTIAL READINGS

Bendix and Lipset (eds.), Class, Status and Power, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1970.

Beteille, Andre (ed), Social Inequality, London, Penguin Books, 1969.

Beteille, Andre, Inequallity Among Men, Delhi, Oxford Uni. Press, 1977.

Giddens, A., The Class Structure of the Advanced Societies, London Unwin Hyman, 1980.

Healey, Joseph. F, Race, ethnicity, Gender & Class, New Delhi’s, Pine Forge Press, 1998.

Johnson, D.L, Class and Social Development: New Theory of the Middle Class, Beverly Hills,

Sage Pub, 1982.

Johnson, D.L. (ed.), Middle Classes in Dependent Countries, Beverly Hill, Sage Pub.



Nielson, Joyce, M., Sex and Gender in Society Perspectives on Stratification, Illinois, Wareland

Press, 1990.

Singh, Yogendra, Social Stratification and Social Change, Delhi, 1977.

Singh. G., The New Middle Class in India: A Sociological Analysis, Jaipur, Rawat Pub., 1985.

Tumin, M.M., Social Stratification, New Delhi, Prentice Hall, 1978.

Yinger, J. Milton, Ethnicity, New-Delhi, Raw Publications, 1997.

FURTHER READINGS

Acker, J., “Woman and Stratification: A review of Recent Literature” Contemporary Sociology,

9,25,35, 1980.

Blumberg, Rae, Lesser, A General Theory of General Stratification I, Randell, 1984.

Chafetz, Janet Sallzman, Gender Equity, An Integrated Theory of Stability and Change, NewDelhi, Sage Publications, 1990.

Collins (ed.) Sociological theory (pp.23-ICI) San Francisco: Jossey-Ban.

Collins, Randall, ‘A conflict theory of sexual stratification’, Social Problems, 19 (1) 3-21.

Cottrells, Allin, Social Classes in Marxist Theory, London, Routledge, Kegan Paul, 1984.

D’Souza, V.S, Inequality and Its Perpetuation, Delhi, Manohar Pub., 1981.

Das, M.S. & V.K. Gupta, Gender Roles & Family Analysis, New Delhi, M.D. Publications Pvt

Ltd., 1995.

Eisenstadt, S.N, Social Differentiation and Stratification, Scott, Foresman Co., 1971.

Feaqin, Joc. R, Racial & Ethnic Relations, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1998.

Gulvert, P. The Concept of Class, London, Hutchinson, 1982.

Lane, David, The End of Social Inequality, George Allen and Unwin, 1982.

Lloyd, Peter, The Third World Proletariat, Boston, George, Allen and Unwind, 1983.

Malik, Boss , Development, Ethnicity and Human Rights in South Asia, New Delhi, Sage

Publication, 1998.

Malik, S.C, Determinants of Social Status in India, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidas, 1986.

Meale, R.S, History and class, Oxford, Basic Blackwell, 1984.

Stinchcombe, A.L., Stratification and Organization, Cambridge, Cambridge Uni. Press. 1986.



SOC R 104: INDIAN SOCIETY



assessment.


internal assessment, the marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately beincreased to maximum marks of the paper in lieu of internal assessment.








OBJECTIVE

Although students have acquired a fairly adequate & comprehensive understanding of

Indian Society at graduate level, this course is aimed at sensitizing them to the distinctive

characteristics of Indian Society and various theoretical frameworks evolved by different Indian

Sociologists. Further, different problems and issues faced by Indian society are also discussed in

the course. The last section highlights the current ongoing debates in the Indian society thereby

adding depth as well as insight to understanding of the subject.

UNIT-I

Colonial and nationalist Perspectives

Modernization and Development of Indian Society.

Basic pillars of Indian Social Structure:

Village, Caste, Joint Family.

UNIT-II

Theoretical Perspectives- Indological [Ghurye, Dumont]

Structural Functional- [Srinivas, Dube]

Marxian [D.P. Mukherjee, A.R. Desai]

UNIT-III

Synthesis of Textual and Field Views- [I. Karve, A.M.Shah]

Civilisational- [N. K Bose, Surajit Sinha]

Subaltern- [Ambedkar & David Hardiman]



UNIT-IV

Current Issues of Indian Society - Ethnicity and identities, Communalism, Language and

regionalism, Population Growth and Distribution, Problems of Poverty and Environment.

Current Challenges of Indian Society - Indianisation/indegenization, contexualisation, Challenges

of Globalization.

ESSENTIAL READINGS

Ahmad, Imtiaz, ‘For a Sociology of India’ Contribution to Indian Sociology 6: 172-178. 1972.

Desai, A.R, Social Background of Indian Nationalism, Bombay, Popular Prakashan, 1976.

D’Souza, P.R.(ed)., Contemporary India-Transition, New Delhi: Sage, 2000.

Dhanagare, D.N, Themes and Perspectives in Indian Sociology, Jaipur, Rawat, 1993.

Singh, Yogendra, Indian Sociology, Social Conditioning and Emerging Concerns, New Delhi,Vistaar Publications,1986.

Srinivas, M.N., Caste: Its’ twentieth Century Avatar, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1996.

Srinivas, M.N, Social Change in Modern India, Barkeley, California University Press, 1970.

Unnithan, T.K.N., Singh Y, Singh N, Indra Deva (eds), Sociology for India, New Delhi, Prentice

Hall, 1967.

Reddy P.S. and Gangadhar V (eds.) Indian Society; Continuity, Change and development, New

Delhi, Commonwealth Publishers, 2004.

FURTHER READINGS

Dube, S.C, The Indian Village, London Macmillan, 1965.

Dass, Veena (ed.) Handbook of Indian Sociology, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2004.

Dumont, Louis, Homo Hierarchicus; The Caste System and its Implications, New Delhi, Vikas,

1970.

Moore, S.F., ‘Cultural Pluralism and National cohesion’ Sociological Bulletin. 36 [2] 35-59, 1987.

Ghurye, G.S., Caste and Class in India, Bombay, Popular Book Depot, 1957.

Jacob K.K. and T.M. Dak [eds.], Social Development; A Compendium, Instt. of Social

Development, 2001.

Mukherji, P.N. and Sengupta [ed.], Indigenity and Universality in Social Science: A South Asian

Response, New Delhi, Sage, 2004.

Oberoi, Patricia [ed.], Family, Kinship And Marriage in India, New Delhi, Oxford University

Press, 1993.



M.A. Part- II

SOC-R-201: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES IN SOCIOLOGY



assessment.(ii) For improvement and reappear candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for






candidate is required to attempt any 10 short answer type questions of 2 marks each. It shall carry20 marks and shall be compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unit



Objectives

This course is intended to introduce the students to the substantive, theoretical and

methodological issues which have shaped the sociological thinking in the latter half of the 20th

century, and which continue to concern the practitioners of Sociology today. The main focus of

this course will be on theoretical perspectives such as structural, functional and conflict theories,

and symbolic interactionism, phenomenology, ethnomethodology and neomarxism. The course

will also examine the theoretical relevance and analytical utility of the premises, methodology

and conclusions of these diverse theoretical perspectives in understanding social structure and

change.

COURSE OUTLINE:

UNIT- I

Structional Functionalism:Anthropological approaches-A.R. Radcliffe- Brown and Malinowski;

Structural approaches- Nadel and Levi- Strauss;

Functional analysis-Parsons (Social Action, Social System);

Merton (Theories of middle range, Paradigm for functional analysis, manifest and latent

functions and dysfunctions); Jeffery Alexander.( Neo-functionalism)

UNIT II

Symbolic Interactionism: Mead and Blumer

Ethnomethodology : Garfinkel

Phenomenology : Husserl, Schutz, Berger.

Dramaturgy : Goffman [

[[[[

UNIT III

Conflict Theory: R. Dahrendorf- Marx’s Critique and dialetics of conflict; L. Coser- Functional

analysis of Conflict

Critical Theories and Neo – Marxism: Lukacs Gramsci ; Habermas, Marcuse and Althusser.



UNIT IV

Recent trends in Sociological theorising:Anthony Giddens (structuration theory)

- Postmodernism (Frederic Jameson and Jean Baudrillard).

ESSENTIAL READINGS

Adams, Bert N and Sydie R.A. (a) Sociological Theory Pine Forge Press, California, 2001,

( b) Contemporary Sociological Theory Pine Forge Press, California, 2002.

Bernstein, R. J. (ed), Habermas and Modernity, Cambridge, Polity Press, 1985.

Blumer, H., Symbolic Interactionism, England wood Prentice Hall, 1969.

Bottomore, Tom, The Frankfurt School, London; Tavistock Publication, 1984.

Collins, Randall, Sociological Theory, Rawat, Jaipur 1997 (Indian Edition).

Craib, Ian, Modern Social Theory, Harvestor Press, Brighton, 1984.

Douglas, J. (ed), Understanding Everyday Life, London Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971.

Elliott Anthony & Bryan S. Turner, Profiles in Contemporary Social Theory, Sage Publication,

London.

Garfinkel, H., Studies in Ethnomethodology, Cambridge, Polity Press, 1984.

Giddens, A., and J.H.Turner (eds.) Social Theory Today , Cambridge, Polity Press, 1987.

Goffman, E., The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, New York, Doubleday, 1959.

Gurwitsch, A., The Commonsense World as Social Reality, Social Research 28-1, 71-93, 1962.

Habermas, J., Theory of Communicative Action, Cambridge, Polity Press, 1984.

Heritage, J., Garfinkel Ethnomethodology, Cambridge, Polity Press, 1989.

Heritage, John C., “Ethnomethodology” in A. Giddens and J.H. Turner (eds), Social Theory Today,

Cambridge Polity Press 347-382, 1987.

Joas, H., “Symbolic Interactionism” in Anthony Giddens and J.H. Turner (eds), Social Theory Today,

Cambridge, Polity Press, 82-115, 1987.

Kenneth, A., “Critical Theory” in A. Giddens and J.H. Turner (eds), Social Theory Today, Cambridge,

Polity Press 347-383, 1987.

Mohan, H. & H. Wood, The Reality of Ethnomethodology, New York, J. Willeys, 1975.

Natanson, M., “Alfred Schutz on Social Reality and Social Sciences”, Social Research 35, 2; 217-244,

1968.

Natanson, M., “Phenomenology and Typification: A Study in the Philosophy of Alfed Schutz”, Social

Research, 37-1, 1-22, 1970.

Ritzer George, Sociological Theory Mc-graw Hill, New York, 1992.

FURTHER READINGS

Alexander, J., Positivism: Presuppositions and Current Controversies, Theoretical Logic in Sociology,

in Vol. 1. Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1982.

Parsons, I., The Social System, Glencoe, The Free Press, 1951.

Weber, M., The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, Glencoe, The Free Press, 1947.

Zaner, Richard M., Theory of Intersubjectivity: Alfred Schutz, Social Research. 28-1, 71-93, 1961.



SOC R 202: SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT



assessment.







candidate is required to attempt any 10 short answer type questions of 2 marks each. It shall carry20 marks and shall be compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unit



Objective

Development has emerged as an important subject in the recent times. Through this

course an attempt is made to provide conceptual & theoretical understanding of the concept of development. Further it offers to highlight the alternative models of development. It offers an

insight into the ways in which social sturcture impinges on development and development on

social structure. Course also focuses on development planning including governmental and non-

governmental.

UNIT-I

Changing Conceptions of Development:- economic growth, human development, socialdevelopment; operational indicators.

Sustainable development, the question of socio-cultural sustainability, multiple sustainabilities.

UNIT-II

Modernization theories

Economic (Myrdal, Rostow), Sociological (Lerner, Smelser), Political (Almond & Coleman)

Theories of Underdevelopment

Center-periphery (Frank, Amin), Unequal Exchange (Baran), World System (Wallerstein)

Critiques of Development

Gandhian, Marxist, Postmodernist.

UNIT-III

Factors facilitating/inhibiting development

Culture and Tradition, Caste, ethnicity.

Consequences of Development

Development and Socio-Economic Disparities, gender & development, socio-cultural

repercussions of globalization, social implications of info-tech revolution.



UNIT-IV

Indian Experience of Development

Sociological appraisal of Five-year plans, Indian state & disadvantaged groups (Scheduled Castes,

Scheduled tribes, Other backward classes)

Non Governmental Organization & Development

Case Studies of AMUL & SEWA

ESSENTIAL READINGS

Harrison, D., The Sociology of Modernisation & Development, New Delhi: Heritage Publications,

1989.

Pandey, R., Sociology of Development, New Delhi, Mittal Publications, 1985.

Pandey, R., Sociology of Underdevelopment. New Delhi, Mittal Publications, 1986.

Sen S et al. ‘Development planning in India’, New Delhi, Unique Publications, 1989.

Seth Mira, ‘Women and Development’, New Delhi, Sage Publications, 2002.

Sharma, S.L., Development: Socio-Cultural Dimensions, Jaipur, Rawat, 1986.

Sharma, S.L., Criteria of Social Development, Journal of Social Action, Jan-March, 1980.

Sharma, S.L, “Perspectives on Sustainable Development in South Asia: The case of India” In

Samad (ed.) Perspectives on Sustainable Development in Asia, Kuala Lumpur, Adipa, 1994.

Sinha D and Henry Kao (eds.), ‘Social Values and Development : Asian perspective’, New Delhi,

Sage Publications, 1988.

FURTHER READINGS

Amin, Samir, Unequal Development, New Delhi, Oxford University Press. 1979.

Biswas, S.C. (ed), Gandhi, Theory & Practice: Social Impact & Contemporary Relevance, Sunila,

IIAS. 1969.

Giddens, Anthony, The Consequences of Modernity, Cambridge, Oxford University Press. 1990.

Kiely, Ray & Phil Marfleet (eds), Globalisation & the third World, London Routledge, 1998.

Oomen, T.K., Alien Concepts & South Asian Reality: Responses & Reformulations, New Delhi,

Sage, 1988.

Wallerstein, Immanual, The Modern World System, New York, Oxford University Press, 1974.



SOC O 203 :URBAN SOCIOLOGY



assessment.











OBJECTIVES

This course introduces students to areas of substantive concern in urban sociology.

Beginning with the meaning of urban it focuses on the stages that the city has undergone in the

course of history. The patterns and trends of urbanization are discussed to familiarize them with

patterns, processes (metropolitan-decentralization and migration) of urbanization along with the

problems arising due to urbanization, such as slums, housing, urban poverty and urban

employment. Role of city in social change forms a crucial part of the course.

Urban sociology has developed various theoretical perspectives to understand andanalyze urban change and growth. This course aims to acquaint students with the theoretical

developments in the field beginning from human ecology to the postmodern approach. The course

contains a component focusing specifically on different aspects of social organization of urban

India such as urban social stratification, urban family, neighborhood and voluntary associations.

The earlier topics outlined above also focus on the Indian urban situation. The finally the courseattempts to introduce students to the goals of urban planning, factors affecting it and the planninginitiative in the Five Year Plans. The students are also exposed to the issues of building

sustainable and human cities for the future.

Course Outline

UNIT-I

The meaning of Urban in urban studies & the domain of urban sociology.

Nature and Rise of early cities.

Typologies of City: Sjoberg’s Classification, Functional Classification, Cultural Classification:

Orthogenetic and Hetrogenetic cities

Patterns and Trends of Urbanization, (with reference to India)

Urbanization and Over-urbanization, Migration streams and Socio-economic characteristics of

migrants.

Emerging Trends: Metropolitanization, Mega Cities, Global Cities.



UNIT- II

Theoretical perspectives in Urban Sociology

Ecological (Classical and Neo-classical); Socio- Cultural, Louis Wirth -urbanism as a

way of life. Neo-Marxist-Castells: Crisis of collective Consumption and social

movements and Urban conflict. Post-modern perspective on city.

Theories of Spatial Structure

Concentric Zone theory, Sector theory, Star theory, Multi-nuclei theory, LocationalTheories- Central Place, Median Location.

UNIT-III

Social structure of Urban India-continuities and change: Social Stratification in Urban

India;

Urban family & Kinship,

Neighbourhood, Voluntary associations; Ethnic tensions in Urban India.

UNIT-IV

Urban IssuesSlums, Housing, Urban poverty- Magnitude, Causes, theories, State initiative to

eradicate urban poverty; urban unemployment.

Urban Planning

Urban Planning: Need; Urban Planning

Initiatives in the Five Year Plans

Case Study of a Planned City of Chandigarh

Sustainable & Humane Cities

ESSENTIAL READINGS

Bose, Ashish, Urbanization in India, An Inventory of Source Materials, 1970.

Fava, Sylvia F. (ed.), Urbanism in World Perspective: A Reader, New York, Thomas Y. Growell

Company, 1968.

Hatt, P.K. & Reiss, A.J. (eds.) Cities and Society, Illinois, The Free Press, 1951.

Hoselitz, B.F. Sociological Aspects of Economic Growth, London, MacMillan, 1980.

Kamra, Sarita, “New Towns of Punjab: Factors in Their Location and Growth” Guru Nanak

Journal of Sociology, April, 1987.

Lewis, Oscar, ‘Further Observations on the Folk Urban Continuum and Urbanization with Special

Reference to Mexico City’, in Hauser & Schnore (eds.) The Study of Urbanization, New York,

John Wiley & Sons, 1970.

Majumdar, T.K., The Urbanizing Poor: A Sociological study of Low Income Migrant

communities in the Metropolitan City of Delhi, New Delhi, Lancers Publishers, 1983.

Michael, S.M., Culture and Urbanization, Delhi, Inter India Publications, 1988.

Nair, K.S., Ethnicity & Urbanization: A Case Study of the Ethnic Identity of South Indian

Migrants in Poona, Delhi, Ajanta Publications, 1978.



National Institute of Urban Affairs, State of India & Urbanization, New Delhi, NIUA, 1988.

Rao, M.S. A., Urban Sociology in India, 1971-81, Social Action, Vol. 32, No. 2, April-June, 1974.

Report of National Commission on Urbanization, Vol. I & II, 1988

Sjoberg, Gideon, The Pre-industrial City, Illinois, The Free Press, 1960.

Sovani, N., Urbanization and Urban India, Bombay, Asia Publishing House1966.

Theodorson, George, Studies in Human Ecology, Harper & Row, 1961.

Weber, Max, The City, London, Heinemann, 1960.

Wirth, Louis, ‘Urbanism as a way of Life’, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 44, 1-24, 1938.

FURTHER READINGS

D’Souza, V.S., “Socio-cultural Marginality: A Theory of Urban Slums & Poverty in Cities”,

Sociological Bullet, Vol. 28, Nos. 1-2, 1979.

Gill, Rajesh, ‘Some Issues in the Conceptualization of Urbanism’, Journal of Sociological Studies,

Vol. 8. January 75-85, 1989.

Gill, Rajesh, Traditional and non-traditional Bases of Social Organisation, Social Action,

January-March 42, No. 1, PP 51-63, 1991.

Gill, Rajesh, Social Change in Urban Periphery, New Delhi, Allied Publishers, 1991.

Guglar, Joseph (ed.), Urbanization of Third World , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1988.

Hoselitz, B.F, Sociological Aspects of Economic Growth, 1960.

Jain, M.K., Urbanization: An Analysis of Census & Ancillary Data, 1994.

Kamra, Sarita, Trends in Rural-Urban Differences in Punjab” Social Action, Vol 32, 2, April-

June, 1982.

Kamra, Sarita, “Rural-Urban Differences: The Migrants’ Perspective”, The Indian Journal of

Social Work, Vol. 52. April, 1991.

Kamra, Sarita, “Collective Mobilization and Change: a Study in the Internal Dynamics of a

Working Class Association” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol, 16

(No.2), 1991.



SOC O 204: SOCIOLOGY OF FAMILY & GENDER



assessment.








20 marks and shall be compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unitshall have two questions with internal choice i.e. the candidate shall attempt one question from


OBJECTIVE

Many students who have taken Sociology at undergraduate level are familiar with the

types, functions and composition of family institution. An exposure to different theoretical

frameworks, issues and debates in study of family will sensitize the students why the study of

family institution is essential as it is the basic institution of the society. Further the course also

focuses on Gender issues, feminist thought process and inequalities faced by women. It is

expected that such course will lead to a better understanding of the social phenomena.

UNIT-I

Concepts

Family & Household, Definition of Family, development cycle, changes in the family Institution.

Theoretical Perspectives on Family

Structural-Functional, Social Conflict, Symbolic Interaction, Social Exchange, Feminist, General

System Theory

UNIT-II

Family in Cross Cultural Perspective

Patterns, Structure & Functions of Indian Family

Family in South East Asia (Japan)

Family in Middle East (Afghanistan, Turkey)Family in USA (Black & White)

UNIT-III

Emerging Alternative life styles of family

Singlehood, cohabitation, Female headed households, Dual Earner families, Communes.

Family Problems

Violence in families, Desertion & Divorce, Dowry & Bride Burning



UNIT-IV

Gender & other related Concepts

Sex, Gender & Gender identity

Perspectives on Gender

Liberal, Radical, Socialist, Post-Modernist

Indicators of Gender InequalityDemographic, Social, Economic, Political/Legal

Development & Gender Justice

Development policies, liberalization & globalization & their impact on Women Voluntary sector

& women development.

ESSENTIAL READINGS

Amato, P.R, “What Children learn from divorce” Population Today, January, Available at

www.prb.org/ pt/2001/Jan 2001/ Children-divorce html., 2001.

Aulette, S.R., Changing Families. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1994.

Bacazinn, M & Eitzen, D.S, Diversity in Families, New York, Harper Collins, 1996.

Brown S.L. & Booth A, “Cohabitation vs Marriage: A comparison of relationship quality”

Journal of Marriage & the family, 58, 668-678, 1996.

Darity W.A. & Meyers S.L, “Does Welfare dependency cause female hardship? The Case of

black family, Journal of Marriage & The Family, 46, 765-779, 1984.

Edin K & L Lein, Work, Welfare & Single mothers: economic strategies” American Sociological

Review 62, 253-266, 1997.

Hareven T.K, Families, History & Social Change: Life Course & Cross Cultural perspectives.

Boulder, Westview, 2000.

Jackson, Stevi & S. Scoll, Gender: A Sociological Reader, Routledge, 2000.

Kephart, William M, The Family, Society & the individual, London, Honghton Rufflin Company.

1977.

Mahajan, A. & Madhurima, Family Violence, New Delhi, Deep & Deep Publications. 1995.

FURTHER READINGS

Forbes, G, Women in Modern India. New Delhi, Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Lerner, Jacqueline, Working Women & their families, New Delhi, Sage Publications, 1990.

Mishra, Saraswati, Status of Women in India, New Delhi, Gyan Publishing House, 2002.

Myers, Kristen A. et. al (eds), Feminist Foundations: Towards Transforming Sociology, New

Delhi, Sage, 1998.

Oakley, Ann , Sex, Gender and Society, New York, Harper & Row, 1972.

Oberoi, Patricia (ed), Family, Kinship & Marriage in India, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1993.

Rajput, Pam & H.L. Sarup (eds), Women & Globalization: Reflections, Options and strategies,

New Delhi, Ashish Publishing House, 1994.

White J.M. & Klein David, Family Theories, New Delhi Sage, 2002.



SOC O 205: DISSERTATION

(i) Dissertation option will be considered only of those students who would apply for it

within the normal date of admission (without late fee).

(ii) The number of candidates to be allotted M.A. dissertation will be in the ratio of 1:4, i.e.

4 students per faculty member in the University School of Open Learning..

(iii) Students for dissertation will be selected on the basis of merit in M.A. I, provided that

such students have obtained at least 50% marks in the aggregate of 1st year.

(iv) Selected students will be notified the acceptance of dissertation as option within two

weeks from the date of normal admissions.

(v) Students opting for dissertation, i.e. Course O 205 will submit the title and brief synopsis

of their dissertation within four weeks from the date of notification to them, but not later

than 15th

November of the respective year.

(vi) Each student opting for dissertation will have to be in contact with the supervisor for a

minimum of eight weeks.

(vii) All candidates opting for dissertation, i.e. course O 205 will submit the thesis one week

prior to the commencement of final examination.

(viii) Panel of examiners for this course, i.e. course O 205 will be appointed by the PG Board

of Studies from amongst the faculty members of Sociology in Panjab University.

(ix) The viva-voce of the candidates will be held by the External Examiners and Internal

Examiners. The final marks agreed upon by these two examiners will be sent

confidentially to the Examination Branch through the Chairperson, University School of

Open Learning, Panjab University, Chandigarh.

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Punjab Univrsity Sociology

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