1. 1. PUNJAB Amritsar
2. 2. A report by Group V Ratnam Swamy Barkha Choudhary Saurabh Shiwankar Sai Prasad Lahari Yaddanapudi Kalyan Nath Aasmita Das Sambhavi Joshi
3. 3. Contents At a glance (Base map) Physical map, Elevation map Physiographic map Land use map Administrative divisions Environmental maps: Forest, Drainage, Rivers and wetlands, Depth to water table map Transport: Rail, Road, Air Tourism & Industries Minerals Population, Geographical distribution pattern of urban population Floods and Earthquakes STATE LEVEL (Punjab) DISTRICT LEVEL (Amritsar) At a glance (Base map) Administrative divisions Tourism Transport: Road Transport: Rail CITY LEVEL (Amritsar) At a glance (Base map) Land use map Wards Tourism Population density
4. 4. PUNJAB (State level)
5. 5. Punjab - At a glance Location: North-west of India Bordered by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast, Rajasthan to the southwest, and the Pakistani province of Punjab to the west; to the north; Jammu and Kashmir Capital: Chandigarh, a union territory
6. 6. Area: 50,362 square kilometres No. of districts: 22 Largest city: Ludhiana Major cities: Amritsar, Patiala, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Kapurthala, etc.
7. 7. Punjab- Physical map The eastern mountainous region The central plain with its five rivers The north-western region, separated from the central plain by the Salt Range between the Jhelum and the Indus rivers The semi-desert to the south of the Sutlej river
8. 8. Formation of the Himalayan range of mountains to the east and north-east of the Punjab: result of a collision between the north-moving Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate Upper regions are snow covered the whole year The Indus and the five rivers of the Punjab have their sources in the mountain range and carry loam, minerals and silt down to the rich alluvial plains, which consequently are very fertile
9. 9. Punjab- Elevation map Elevation of Punjab State decreases from North- East to South-West due to of Shiwalikh hills and Himalayas.
10. 10. Punjab- Land cover map Multidate remotely sensed data can be used for monitoring land use/land cover changes Rapid change in land cover/land use due to increase in population Phenomenal change in the built-up area in watersheds, loss of forest cover and change in agriculture land
11. 11. Punjab- Physiographic map Forms a part of Indo- Gangetic alluvial plain and is composed of sediments of Shiwalik hills and Himalayas The state can be divided into the following major physiographic units: a. Siwalik hills b. Piedmont plain c. Alluvial plain d. Sand dunes e. Flood plain f. Palaeochannels
12. 12. A. SHIWALIK HILLS: -Occupy nearly 2.6 per cent area of the state and cover sizeable area of Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, S.B.S. Nagar, Rupnagar and S.A.S Nagar districts of the state -Have dense to open scrub forest B. PIEDMONT PLAIN: -Forms a transitional zone between the Shiwalik hills and alluvial terraces -About 10 to 15 km wide and comprises of Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, S.B.S. Nagar, Rupnagar and S.A.S Nagar districts -Gently sloping to undulating and dissected by number of seasonal rivulets (choes) which transport storm water with sediments from their catchment C. ALLUVIAL PLAIN: -Are the old flood plains of the rivers, the remnants of which lie above the level of the present river beds -Occupies nearly 76.9 percent of the total geographical area of the state -Covering an area between Beas and Satluj rivers and Malwa plain area south of river Satluj
13. 13. D. SAND DUNES: -The sand dunes are low ridges along the present and old courses of rivers -At present only 0.56% area of the state under sand dunes E. FLOOD PLAIN: -Of Ravi, Beas, Satluj and Ghaggar rivers and many seasonal rivulets cover nearly 10.0 per cent area of the state F. PALEOCHANNELS: -Believed to be the remanants of the old active channels -Occupy a low-lying topographic position on the landscape
14. 14. Administrative divisions Total no. of assembly constituencies: 117 No. of Parliamentary constituencies: 13 Each Parliamentary constituency has about 9 Assembly constituencies Elections take place in Phase III and Phase IV
15. 15. Punjab- Forests Recorded forest area: 3084 sq.km Major forest types: tropical dry deciduous, sub-tropical dry evergreen, tropical thorn forests 10 wildlife sanctuaries An increase of 13 sq.km of forest cover has been assessed in the latest assessment as compared to the previous assessment
16. 16. Punjab- Drainage Drainage system plays an important role in shaping the landscape of an area due to its erosional and depositional nature The Satluj, Beas and Ravi rivers- main drainage system in the state of Punjab Other main drainage channels in Punjab- Ghahhar river, White Bein, Black Bein, Kiran nala, Chakki River and Sakki Nalathese are numerous choes (seasonal rivulets), originating in the Siwalik hills and drain the Kandi area
17. 17. Punjab- Rivers and wetlands The word Punjab is a xenonym/exonym from the Persian words panj and b, thus Panjb means "Five Rivers", which roughly means "Land of Five Rivers About 30 wetlands Harike, Kanji, Ropar, Nangal, Ranjit sagar The five rivers are the Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jehlum
18. 18. Punjab- Depth to water table Severe problem of declining water tables by as much as 10 15m in most parts Water table in the central regions of Majha, Doaba and Malwa- declined alarmingly since 1980 As the area under rice cultivation increased- decline in ground water recharge
19. 19. Transport- Rail Almost all major and smaller cities are linked by railways Amritsar - largest railway station Shatabdi express connects Amritsar to Delhi Bhatinda railway junction - largest in Asia Samjhauta express - Joint venture between India and Pakistan : Runs from Amritsar in India to Lahore in Pakistan
20. 20. Transport- RoadAll cities and towns of Punjab connected by four-lane national highways Grand Trunk road (NH-I) connects Calcutta to Peshawar passing through Jalandhar and Amritsar Another major national highway connects Punjab to Jammu passing through Hoashiarpur and Pathankot Amritsar BRTS: A bus rapid transit system in Amritsar city
21. 21. Transport- Air Punjab has 5 civil airports Largest airport: Amritsar Other airports: Bhatinda airport, Pathankot airport, Patiala airport, Sahnewal airport
22. 22. Punjab- Tourism Punjabs tourism resources cover an extreme range: Religious Heritage/Cultural , natural Medical and commercial
23. 23. Punjab- Agriculture Food bowl of the country Among Indias most widely irrigated states Crops: wheat, sugarcane, maize, rice, chilli, cotton, potato, groundnut, oil seeds, tobacco Two-fifths of Punjabs population is engaged in the agricultural sector Rapid increase in the commercial production of fruit, especially citrus, mangoes, and guavas
24. 24. Industries Punjab- key hub for textile- based industries including yarn, readymade garments and hosiery Well-developed social and industrial infrastructure Resources, policy incentives, infrastructure and climate in the state support investments in sectors such as auto-motives, chemicals, afro-based industries, food products, light engineering goods, metal and alloy products, sports goods, textiles, pharmaceuticals, paper and paper products
25. 25. Punjab State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd (PSIDC) and Punjab Small Industry and Export Corporation (PSIEC)- Development of industrial infrastructure Punjab Agro Industries Corporation (PAIC) - development of afro-based units Udyog Sahayak : state level nodal agency and District Industry Centres (DIC): district level committee for single window clearance of industrial projects Govt. of Punjab- development of Special Economic zones (SEZs) across Punjab for pharmaceuticals, textiles, electronic hardware and IT/ITeS
26. 26. Punjab- Minerals Minerals found: limestone, quartzite, potash, glass sand & foundry sand
27. 27. Punjab- Population Total population: 27,704,236 Males: 14,634,819 & Females: 13,069,417 Population density: 550/sq.km. Literacy rate: 75% (male literacy: 80.23%, female literacy: 68.36%) Sex ratio: 895 females per 1000 males (2011 census),second lowest sex ratio 66% of the people live in rural areas while the rest of the 34% are urban residents Highest dalit population in India
28. 28. Geographical distribution pattern of urban population Some districts with low level of urbanisation- higher growth rate than that of more urbanised districts Top 4 urbanised districts continue to keep up with higher urbanisation pace and base
29. 29. Punjab- Floods Floods are the most frequent and devastating Caused mainly by the river Ravi, Satluj and Ghaggar, which have a common delta where floodwaters intermingle Silt deposited constantly by these rivers in the delta area raises the bed levels and the rivers often overflow their banks or break through new channels causing heavy damages
30. 30. Punjab- Earthquakes In the seismic zoning map, most of the area of Punjab State lies in Zone III and IV Northern boundary of Punjab State with Himachal Pradesh is in close proximity to Zone V About 50 percent of the area of the state in the north, consisting of Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Ludhiana, Patiala and Rup Nagar districts is liable to MSK Intensity VIII and about 45 percent could have Intensity VII
31. 31. AMRITSAR (District level)
32. 32. Amritsar district- Base mapAmritsar district has guradaspur,taran and kapurtala as neighbour districts in north-east,south and south-east directions respectively It shares boundary with pakistan Pakistan is in west direction Headquarters: Amritsar city Area: 2,683 sq.km Location: 31.63N 74.87E with an average elevation of 234 metres (768 ft)
33. 33. Administrative map 4 administrative divisions Elections are held under phase IV Main administrative towns are Attari, Ajnala, Beas, Budha Theh, Majitha, Rajasansi, Jandiala Guru, Ramdas, Rayya, etc. The total no of counsellors in the administration are 74 members including municipal corporation The main administrative headquarters of the district is Amritsar city
34. 34. Transport- Rail Amritsar railway station is at an elevation of 233 metres (764 ft) 78 km (48 mi) long Amritsar Khem Karan railway line runs through Tarn Taran and Patti 54 km (34 mi) long line links Amritsar to Dera Baba Nanak on the bank of the Ravi 107 km (66 mi) Amritsar Pathankot route: through Batala and Gurdaspur 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) wide broad gauge Amritsar-Pathankot line, opened in 1884
35. 35. Transport- Road Road network of LPA, Amritsar & MC is primarily Ring Radial- an intense network of eleven radial roads leading to core city 2 National Highways, 3 State Highways, 6 M.D.Rs and 24 ODRs 14 entry points/ gates of the walled city leading to the various residential areas Outside the walled city i.e. north side of the Amritsar Jalandhar rail line-divides the city into two halves.- characterized by wide roads
36. 36. Amritsar district- Tourism Bustling, busy city with a distinct frontier' atmosphere One of the most important pilgrimage centers especially for the Sikhs in the country Characterized by some of the must visit religious, historical as well as contemporary sites of importance
37. 37. AMRITSAR (City level)
38. 38. Amritsar city- Base map Administrative headquarters of Amritsar district Area: 114 sq.km Prime attractions of the city are Golden temple, Jallianwala bagh, Mata mandir temple, Ram tirath temple, Tarn taran and Wagah border
39. 39. Amritsar city- Land use map Since 1971, the area of the city has increased almost 3 times now. The north part of walled city is commercial in nature and the south is generally residential. The central core around the Golden Temple is mixed with both commercial and residential.
40. 40. Residential: 11333.45 ha Commercial: 658.58 ha Industrial: 949.65 ha Public, semi-public: 1090 ha Government land: 2965.95 ha Utilities: 98.27 ha Traffic and transportation: 4570.55 ha Recreational: 186.8 ha Special areas: 22.67 ha Agricultural: 117476.62 ha Water bodies: 2098.6 ha Vacant land: 714.16 ha
41. 41. Amritsar city- Wards
42. 42. Wards on the outskirts have much lower densities compared to wards in the intermediate or the walled area Pattern of density- reduces from centre to periphery in all directions of the city Population of Amritsar city is accommodated in 65 wards Sizes of wards- 22.26 hectares to 1201.13 hectares Density of population in a ward- high variation- as low as 14 and as high as 721 persons per hectare
43. 43. Amritsar city- Tourism Mainly includes visits to temples and gurudwaras Most important site of this district is Golden Temple- attracts people from all parts of the country and abroad Pilgrimage tourism includes Golden Temple, Durgiana Temple, Jama Masjid Khairuddin, Gurudwaras etc. Historical Tourism includes Jalianwala Bagh, Samadhi of Guru Angad Dev Ji, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Museum etc.
44. 44. Amritsar city- Population density Population density: 932 inhabitants per square kilometer The city has a high concentrated central core with sparsely populated peripheral areas Population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 : 15.48%
45. 45. Sex ratio : 884 females for every 1000 males literacy rate: 85.25% 0. 2.5 5. 7.5 10. 12.5 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 population (in lakhs) Total population
46. 46. Thank you ^_^