i\. r!, l.Ji\. N r!, I cc IJi\.ltJ)Ii\.NTH E OF 4. EWFOUNDLAND

IN THIS ISSUE :

- T E TROUT ARE JUMPING!!- PHOTOS FROM THE FILMING

OF "NE FOUNDLAND SCENE"

VOL. I X, :'lo. 5. ~( AY, 1952 T WEXT Y CEXTS

HALLS BAY FIRE 1951(JUNE 24)

IV

f,

THIS FIRE TRAVE L L E D 5 MILES IN 5 HOURS

DEVASTATION THROUGH CARELESSNESSATLANTIC GUARDIAN

lEWART YOU NGEdiror & Pub lishe r THE MAGAZINE OF NEWFOUNDLAND\DELAIn E LE IT CH}Ianaging Edi to r

BRIAN CAHI LL, \ssociate Editor

~IAY, 1952 VOL. IX , :'\0 . 5.

Uncle H enr-y's Ghoster _. 43By J oh n Puddester

\RT SCAMMELLRO:"\ POLLETTContrihuting Ed ito rs

JOHN ~IAU:'\ nER

A.O.C. A.\ tt Director

Hili SAUNDER SBusiness Man ager

mVERT ISING\ ational: Hib Sau ndersl500 Sr. Catherine 51. ' V.Montreal, P .Q.

jlocal: Doug Wheeler% Water St'I. John's, Nfld.

~\lantic Guardian is pub•.:c.l!<l. by Guardian As ·5t Iates Ltd.. 96 W ater

I\~:h~~ iz~~ J:~n's'Se~~ndd~ll Mail, Post Offi ceS~Part~ent. 0 t ta w a .t ubscnpl ion r a t es , $2.00

Year anywhere in th e;~d. Single copies 2Oc.P ted b Y GuardianS;ess, limit ed, 96 W ate rC:ne:~St . John's, Nfld .•

~~tr~al Offic e: 1500 St.enne Street W est .

----- - - -I

• PICTORIAL FEAT RES

Women Without Wings (US:-;EC- PaTl )\') .By Adelaide Leitch

"Xe wfou n d la nd Scen e"

• GE:'\ERAL ARTICLES

The Trout Ar e Jumping ..By M ichael Harrington

Newfoundland Animals Are DifferentBy Cecil Hotson

Xcwfoundland Night in Toronto .By Melba Lent

John Anderson 'T'ime ..By M ark R on ayne

• MAN OF THE , IONTH

One Man Dynast y

• FICTION

• DEPARTMENTS

The Editor's Pag eGuard ian An gles-II)' Brian Cahill:'\ewfoundland Book shelf .Baby of The ~Ionth

9

28

18

33

39

.... 41

3

274R

Picture Cred its : Page 2-~fap . courtesy orXcwfoundland Forest Protection Associa t ion ;Pages 9-1i-Adelaide Leitch; Page 18­R.C.A .F: Page 19-US. Dep t. of Defence:Page 22-C. F. Ruggles: Pages 2R-31-CourlesvCrawlev Films of Ottawa: Page 33-IIluslra­tion b)' John ~Iaunder; PaRe 48-CourteS\" of~rr. and .\fr s. Dan Cummings. '

Cover Pi cture : Ern ~rau nder.

HALLS BAY FIRE 1951(,JUNE 24)

i ,

TH IS F IRE TRAVELLED 5 MILES IN 5 HOURS

-DEVASTATION THROUGH CARELESSNESS

ATLANTIC GUA RDIA!'

GUEST EDITORIAL

•by F. R. HAYWARD

Honorary Secretary Newfoundland Fores t Prot ection Association.

•~'O UR timber is not inexhaustible." So states Albert Martin. Chair­

man of the Newfoundland Forest Protection Associarion in hi,report to the annual meeting in 1951.

He goes on to say. "Punitive measures, although perhaps necessary.are not good enough. No group of people. no matter how devoted tothe task, can be responsible for protecting such a vast piece of propertyas the timber lands of a country. An educated public that will co-operateand government legislation that provides for action beforehand at gun ­shot speed ; these things together with well organized. well equippedforest protective agencies. are the only means by which continued pros­perity in our forest industries can march along with progress.'

Our Association continues to do its part to ensure that forest pro­tective agencies are well equipped for their work. In 195 I. our cxpendi­rure far exceeded that of any previous year. chiefly bCCJI!sl' additionalequipment was purchased to cover the expanding public highway system.

The members of our Association include the Department of NaturalResources. the Anglo-Newfoundland Development Company. Limited.Bowarer's Newfoundland Pulp and Paper Mills. Limited, and the Can­adian National Railways, All of our members have a personal interestin protecting Newfoundland 's forests . As a result , our Association hasthe benefit of expert help and advice in providing adequate and efficientservice. •

Perhaps the ideal of no forest fires is not attainable. Public care­lessness caused our largest fire in 19; I. The map opposite shows wherethis fire occurred near Hall's Bay. and the residents of Springdale hadmany anxious hours during which their village was threatened withdestruction. \Ve are hoping for increased co-operation from the publicso that fires, such as this one, resu lting from carelessness. will become(ewer and fewer:

MA Y , It5Z

"ARROW" & "FORSYTH"

SHIRTSCorrectly styled for

all occasions. See

our complete stocks.

FROM

SPORTSTO

FORMALSand everything

in between.

ATLANTIC GUARDIAN

BRIA.· CAHILL

• well . the next time a bishop ofthe Prote..rant Epi .,wpal Chu r-.h ofthe United Stales asks us to lend hima fin until next Candlemas we shallknow the proper Iouu of address to

lISC in informing him that the curatehas just cleaned us out in a fast gameof naughts and eros..cs.

\\'c think.Remember a litt le lillie ago we

casua lly as ked in this space if a nyoneknew the correct form of address [ora Protestant Episcopa l Bishop?

Replies h ave been numerous andauthor-itative.

Says Eliza F. Edgecomh of Cam­ln-idgc, ~fass.. and vrnssacnuscns is avcr-irahlc hotbed , we understand. ofEpiscopa fiani ..m :

", h I am an ardent reader of Atlan­tic Guardian and a staunch Episco­palian .. . I thought I would infonnyou that we neve r refer to Protestant

Episcopal Bishops as 'His Lordship '."The Hixhop or ~Iass:tchuseus hap­

pcm to he thc Rt. Rev. Xonnan Xashand he is always referred to as 'BishopNn..h ' .

"T he same rule applies to Roman

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window Frames. Sashes .Doors. Flu e Liner s. Earthen-

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Cat ho lic Bish op " ill the Un tted Stat es.It is o n ly th e 'Archb i ..ho ps' who areGil let! ' Your Exccflcucv'.

" There i-; 110 Pr ot estant Archbish op

111 the l 7.S..-\. T he ' P resid ing Bish op 'of the P rotes tan t Episcopal Church in

America is the highest o ffrce.

" Ho ping rhis information will hel p

\011 . I am , etc..... .s . cnjoy your co lumn \ 'C f Y

IIIl1ch.'·

\\'c had scarcelv filed the informa­

lio n for further usc a nd set about

maki ng photostats of the " .5. for ge n­cral distribution. wh en the XC\\ found­

land Rep resen ta t ive of the Dep a rt ­n.cnt o f Trade and Commerce was III

our mid..r wit h further clarification.

we h op e.Said the Xe wfou nd land Represcn ­

ra t ivc who is, of course. Bobbi e R o b­crtsou, in a note dirccted at u s

through Ad elai de Le it ch :

" Re Br ian Ca hi ll's a ll id e

Bish op , Episcopalia n Church in Am er­ira . in conve rsa tio n th e form al style isSIR ; info rm al, Bi sh op Smit h . In writ­

ing, th e foll o win g: Ri ght R everend

Sir; ~ I y Dear Bishop : \I v Dear Bish op

Sm i th.

"T ha t sho u ld ta ke a load o ff Bri an's

mi nd."Oh sure. it took a I-{ reil t 10;HI off our

mind .Pa rt icul arly wh en we received t hc

fo llowing com m u nicatiou s i g 11 c dsimply X . r. Brewste r. Qu een 's Col­lege . Sl. J ohn 's :

"D ear \I r. Ca hi ll:" Fo r your information . . . all ';\.ngl i.

GHI Bishop' a nd an ' Episcopalia n

Bishop' (o f the Protestant Ep iscop a l

Church of Am er ica} arc OIlC a nd thesame lhing - the P ro testan t EpiscopalChurch is part of the \ ng lican COIll­

munion.

A.TLANTIC GUARDIAN

"For y 0 1l1' furth e r info rmation , lest

you ge t im olved in similar difficul­t ics aguiu. 1 append a part ial list of

ronstituent Churches of th e AnglicanCommun ion :

"The Church of England ,

"T he Chun-h of Ireland ,

" T he Epi scopal Church 10 Scotland,

"T he Church in " 'a les,

"T h e Protestant Ep iscopa l Church

in the t:.S. \ .,,. lhc Church of India , Burma a nd

Cellon,

"T h e Church o f En gl and in Canada ,

"T he Church of England in Au stra ­lia <lIH I Tasmania,

"T IlL' Church of the Province of:\ew Zealand ,

"T h e Church of th e Province of the

west Indies,

"The lI o ly Catholic Church in China

(Ch u ng 1111 01 Sheng Kung Hui),

"J apa n 1101) Catholic Church (Nip­pOll Sci Ko Kwai ) .'

• Yo u wi ll excuse us 1I0W if we tip­toe (luicl ly away .

Oh . yes , j ust one 1II01:l(,l1t , please.

' fh c re is one short communica tion

which is (Illite su i tab le . It is from

Rev. \\' . E. Brown of Trinity Epis­

copal Church . S;KO. Maine. I l l' renewshis subsctiption and sa ys :

" .\ s a Xcwfoundlander I am proudof th e Atlanri c Guardian .. , .

..It lIlay int erest you to know I am

llT101' o f the o ld est church in NewEng-land : started in 1636, thirtv vear s

a fter IItC landing o f th e i)il~rimFathers."

Pit ' vohi -cum .

M AY, 1952

Humber Motors Ltd.)(ount Berna rd R oa d

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Announcing ourSpring List of

NEWFOlJNIJLANDBOOKS

On Sale June 1st

• PETER THE GRATE, by Ron Pollett. A rollickingcharacter study of an outport Newfoundlander.You'll enjoy eve ry word of this latest work by yourfavorite author. . SOc.

• STRANGE FACTS ABOUT NEWFOUNDLAND, byRon Pumphrey and L. E. F. English, M.B .E. Anamazing collection of unusual stories and odditiesbrightly written and illustrated SOc.

• ALBUM OF AVALON. A handsomely printed two­color pictorial souvenir of people and places onNewfoundland's colorful Avalon Peninsula ... $1.00

• ST. JO HN 'S - Capital of the Tenth Province, SecondEdition. First issued in 1949, this popular picturebook of our capital city was a complete sellout.New printing $1.00

Also in stock in limited quantities

• CORNER BROOK-Hub of the West.64 pages, completely illustrated 7Sc.

• GRAND FALLS-Paper Town of theInterior. Pictorial and Historical $1.00

• MONARCH OF THE GRUMP-A . C. Wornell's delightful homespunpoetry SOc.

Order Early (add 5c. per book for mailing)

96 Water St., 51. John's, Nfld.

ATLANTIC GUARDIAN

CO· W 0 R K E R S WIT H THE USNEC TEA MAR E

The Women

Without W ing§STORY AND PHOTOS BY ADelAIDE LEITCH

T /S~ 1. Alh.'n S. \Vhilt'hl':.ul of Franklin, va. , drnps inln the I'X at C;oO'.,e en

Inuit' to Gn'l'lIland, ;111.1 debates whether or not to huy this " so u ve n b" from

elerk Ann Barton ef St . John's, one of the Command's ""'0111(·11 \\'ilh.IlIl \\'in~s. "

MAY, ltSZ

(lI11rilllll"d IIIl P;l'~l" I),

in o rde r ev en th ou gh Ar ctic windshowl o utside and tbc ice cap sq uatsj ust dow n th e fjo rd .

The g irl s' dorm itories o n th em aj or ba ses of th e C ommand ar eco unte rpa rts of the men 's ~ withth e addition o f a few more lrillson th e curtains and kn ick-knack se n the dressers, On the northernbases, they do so me 0 1 th eir shop ­ping lon g -range in 51. John 's OrHalifax - th e airm en are goodabo u t runnin g errands for th emwhen fl yin g o u t o n a " m ilk run."

There ar e N ewfoundland womenin most branches of the Command-c--excep t ing , of course, rh e manualjobs such as airplane maintenanceend tinsmith jobs. There are girl slike Newfoundlander Rose English .working with Civilian Personn elat Goosl.' -Diane N +e.1fY of BellIsland and Mal y Connoll y ofBri gus in Base A ccount able Suppl y '( BASO I. Muriel Pin man is an ­o ther BASO girl- b ut In G reen ­land .

In the shopp ing wo nde rla nd 01the " PX" at GOOSl:', you wili findp retty A nn Barton of Sr. Joh n swho is also the bases lrdv how lei .Nu rse l\ \ary Ken nedy of St. .Iohn<is a staff n urse in the big. whiteU.S. Air Force hosp ital at PepperI ell A f-B. and ~lrs. Susan Dow nton\\ ho is boss ladv of the big. ex­pcnsivclv equipped lau ndrv on lhlbase. litcrallv turned the key in the

711(~'J A,I,I II ~(~lIli"i"l! 7fu.cl,'If1 711(~ AIIII!,·icII', IIII.'JI!s

(Part IV of a Series)

A PR ETTY you ng Ne wfou nd­lander at G O D S'! Air Base

k icked o ff h er sl ip pe rs an d sco wled ."Men : . . she sna pped in repl y to

th e all -t oo -familia r sUR\?:cst io n th atthe lassies mu st ha ve a sim ply\', u-u -u -u -underfu! tim e w ith .111those handsome airm en o utn um­beri ng them .

"l\1e n :" sh e rep eat ed wccfull v( but not too conv in cingl y I " l' rnsick of them-I never want to seea no the r man as long as I liv e : ..

Few girl s on th e American bas esc f th e Unit ed States NortheastC.ommand in N ewfoundland . La ­t-rader and Greenland la ck for dar es--- by th e quintal. if tbcv wantt:. cm-and each new plane -load ofsecr etaries. clerks and office assist,iTHs is cagerly watched from t hemoment the big plane '\1.1fI5 circlin g

And there are distinct advan ­t.igcs to bein g a girl on an AmericanBase-as th e Ncwt ou ndlanders ar cq uick to di sco ver . W h ile a civ iliar .Pla n go cs to th e C iv il ia n Clu b. an.i.r rn.m to the A irrnens C lub an d.in officer to the O fficer-,' C lub, tillzi rls arc as we lco me as th e flowe rsir, :Vby w herever they happen tobe inv ited . They can play dart s in.bc Car ibou Club at M eAndrew'I-B -but thcv can also dine a nu

dance in the f.in tasticallv swishRavcns Roost at Narsarssu.rk-B in Greenland. where steaks an:

sorneumcs two feet across. wheremere IS a sunken dance floor. andwhere 1.'\' crung gO\\ n s arc pcrf cct lv

10 ATLANTIC GU AR DI A:'Ii

\\ Olllt'lI of Xewfouudtaud COi n he Iound in Illn .o.:1 departmen .... 01 t ln- , \ lI lt..'r i G III

Ba .....o.: . bUI p erhap.. the .. ..\l1I1I3n \ touch" i .. 1110..1 evideut ill Ih t· Iw"p;1<II .. of rh e

Conunuud. ,\ ho \l: . It'll . :\url\C \I u r~ Ke.·mlt·d~ of SI. Juhn '... du·d.... pulse and

lunpc:r.lIlire o f .\ 11"... Thum.... l\"all. wife of .111 Erue..1 Harmon .\ n \ -c rgca u e,

in Pepperrel! Umpilal fur tr eatment. Ri~hl••)a rrtcia .\ h hn ll of POri a u Port

f~IH.·" out repor ..........ecret•.lr~ to the Ha..e.' Sur~t'ol1 a t Harmon ,\ FH. 'The Hltk

purtahle truck... of the "c; rc.' ~ Ladies" are familiar ..i!-thl.. in Ihe.' ho-phal cor­ridor... Itelow , PI c \ I .u r i nn J. Pe ....nhini uf R o..Hndale, \101...... h ruu~ht 10 ItU.

I:S .\F hospital at Pcpp erretl for treatment , reache.. for a boo'" ;111(1 ..omc home

hal..ill~ . The "(;n' ~ Ladles" a rc .\11".., \larie Summel..... It'll . ;.IIHI :\11'''' Shirlt-,

(~ t'lhill~, borh St. John -, gill .. m a rr ivd to Amt·..iran Ainnc.·Il.

\\'nrkill~ ill the la r~l' , quiet

uU iu', 01 l 'S:\ 1:(; Headquarters

at Pepperrvlt, Bud, Ihn l' ~'

(a bo ve) '('tn'l"r~ ' lei ' Iajnr G en ­

lT~,1 .\1)lT', fi lub m udl ul' the

conl'SpCHI(1t' nu' of Iup level atl ­

mhrisrratlon pa,..illl-:: o ver her

desk . Anor hvr :'\l'wrolllHllancll'r

who is a Command 'l'nl'tar~' l'

.\ lrs, (;I;,l(I~, O h i, (righ t ) check­

ilJ~ all iU'1II with Sgt, Josephine

RO"l'lli 01 ' l lIJhl'rr~ , Kansas,

!'>('nl'I;'II"~ ' In Cui . H , ,I. \ "'t,..I ,

Jr., th e Ueplll ), Commander 101'.\ d m in i..rrurion. .\ Iew women

in Air Force him' au' also as ­

..igllt'd In IItt' finallte office,

l 'nilt'd Siall'!> :\Hrlht'a vt Com-

mand-evuch ;h S~I. UH..elfi , and

S~1. Sall~' T , Osmond, P epper'

rell's dishUl,iug derk in the

finance orrin', ahm e, ri~lt1. .\ ..

wi rh the Xewfoundtand men ,

ci vifian g:irl workt '.... anti air­

"o111('11 work ..iclt- h\ ..ide,

'Vf".I(~".. . lit 'Vflrh

.\ kinl-;o~ilA~d fireplace, a pOI of coffee anti ". 111 the uuuforh, nf honre't-c-aud

rhe l-;irls' dortnitorv at ~ar~ansuak Air Ra ..e i~ a happ~' place in uri dUI~ hour»,

as lo:irls from Xova Scotia, N ewfoundland, Montreal and Scotland forget work

for the lime bt 'ing, ''''hile the girls working on the Auretican Bases have agood deal of per..onal Iibertv, each I\a'".· has it.. own " hm ...l · mother," who la~ ..

down ruk!'l as 10 li~hts out and ,-isiting hours, and sees that eu'rllhing runs..mno(hl~ in ;.1 hCHI't('h.1 of women. CsuaU" there i .. a hand, hut plate for aln-driuu- ..nad..• hut tju- girb eat in the Civifiau -'It·.... Hal! .. or ..lip off for a

snack in tbe Snack Bar.

MAY, ttSZ 13

'VallIe"

Are

Ilolne.

A h it o f !'lun ·halh ill ~ on an afternoon orr rill s the hill fur "~\l i ss

.\ h :And n ·w" - L.ill ia n Harv e y of SI. John's East. S:H'- -alnn~ with

other g irls on th e Xewfouudtaud ha sl's-li H' ill dnn ll itori t·s

..imi la r tn the.' H a rm on ~i r1s' ha rr ar! ..s, b el ow.

" ATLANTIC GUARDIAN

· \ 1 houu- em th e Ha,t." . th e :\('wf oUlHI·

I;HIeI ~irl, dn pll·tt~ unu h what 1l11'~

wo u ld be finin g ;lIt ~ where with a ni ghtn rc , , , \I 'H ·) I)n~ le o f .\\ o n d .. If.' , g"f.'h

a lillie help wif h her hair-do from

~f.'1lif.' SamlN)Il of Fresh wat er (r ig"h l)

be-fo re i' hi g" date. Hnlh g" ir ls work

a t \l c\lHln'w .\ f ll - .\ Ia n in trans­

po r tarion , .xcntc in HASO, There a re

o t he r pe rsonal chores 1iI..t. prcs'iing a

pa rt )' bl ouse and, below, Jo~ ('c Ford .

South Riv er , Eve lv u Lahey. nell Island

a nd Loretta Power, Chap el Arm ,

wie ld th e iron,.

. . . 0.. 71,e B#lses

WOMEN WITHOUT WINGS(Colltilliled fWIII p;lg:e 10)

lock the day the laundry opened.Girls from nearby Dunnville JnO

Freshwater-girls like Gertie andDelia Smith. Mary Patterson andNellie Sampson-c--call the women'sbarracks at McAndrew "horne. 'Over at Ernest Harmon on the\Vest Coast. St. Georges -born E\,J

White is supervisor of the Require­ments Section. and Patricia Abbottof Port au Port holds a key job assrcrctary [0 till" hospital 's BaseSurgeon.

Typical of the "tiSNEC Iibr arrc sis the base library at Ernest Har­mon-under the direcr ion of Mrs.Carmen Martin of Scarston. Cod­roy Valley. who set lip the sectioneight vea ts ago. 'Today. she ridcsherd on some 10.000 volumes­and an undisclosed number of bor ­rowers from six years on up. BOlIJNewfoundlanders .lnd Americanairmen love to read. she finds­and choices range all the way fromWesterns to heavy treatises onatomic energy.

Major General Char!" T. Myersown secretary is personable ~e\\'­

Ioundlandcr Doris L. Harvey. Andwhen the Inspector General's teamof the United States NortheastCommand makes its reg uar toursof the Base. dark-haired .le.in Law­renee packs up her secretary's note ­books and goes along with till'team which is bossed by ColonelR. D. Butler. Newfoundland'smost traveled sccretarv .lcan is onpersonal speaking terms with theGreenland icebergs and Labradornorthern lights. as well as with herown home base of Pcpperrell.

Romance Flourishes in the North-

cast Command - I '\ 7 marriageslast year between ;\e\\' foundlandgirls and American :\ rrmen, anabase chaplains termed them highlysuccessful ones.

Almost any day. you may findAir Force wives tiki.' Mrs. i\t1Jn~

Summers and Mrs. Shu ley Gcrhingwheeling a cart of c.indv. horn ebaking and cig arets around thewards of the Hospu.il at Pepper­rell, as a part of the "Grey Ladies 'contingent on duty. Both are S1.John's girls.

But. on the high. isolated pla­teau .It Goose Air Base. Miss LucvBird Cox. British-born nurse Jndpsychologist. takes no chances withtoo much romance in the lives of"her" girls. As matron in chargeof the dormitories and their 108girls, she CJn back up her rulingsany time with a large baseball bat-donated by the boys and suitablvinscribed " L ucy Bird Cox"-sym­bolizing the propriety under whichthe girls of Goose Base live andwork.

'" have to be mother. matron,confidant and playmate - evet y­thing :" she sighs. The U.S. Air­men . she thinks. arc inclined to putthe girls on a pedestal. And . whileit is an altogether delightful a r .ra ngement from a girl's standpointas long as she remains in the north.someday she has to return to St.John's or Corner Brook or PouchCove and become just J mortalworna n again

But in spite of the baseball bat.marriages are frequent - -and charm ­ing in the pretty. white chapel setamong the pointed evergreens ofthe Base. Last year. there were 17of them-a bumper crop ,

ATLANT IC GUARDJA~

" "orkiu/: on the Ametican bases of the Command in a somewhat different

c.tp'l( il~ an' the wives and mothers of Xewfoundfanders, cluied)' keeping house

a n d hringillJ.' III) the children. ',"'hile Newfoundland families do nOI ~o

lIfu'"lh In Labrador :'IOd Greenland, they pia" an im po rt a n t role at .\lcAndR'wa n d E.-lit·... If,UIIIOIi. .\frs. John Pevten, wife of \tcAndnw\; fire chi d ,ha.. a H'n real role in lJS:"EC Iife as she re ads a ..tor~ I"HH)k 10 ..un" SrirHn~

:'tJ:t"«1 7. and John, a~l'd 6, in the picture above.

.\ 'EXT .\fO .\' T H: Off DUly with USSEC.

MAY. 1'52 17

\Ilhl (ro u te r ... find IWlhillg tll equa l th e lu g of a trout tba t I",,, ... wallowed a fl~,

hili ..,Olllt-' \\'alluni,lIh get 3 kick out o f rlu- f1i<'k (If a Ii ... h ' ... ta il in t hc fryi ng p all .

--llu! 'J"·Ollt JI,.(! .III"'I~i..gby M ICHAEL HARRINGTON

1:-.: :-':e\\'foundland, the "twenty-fourth" means only one thing

-and that's not Christmas Eve. InNewfoundland "the rwcmy-fourth"is specif icallv the 24th of Ma y. aday full of magic and adventurelor men. women and children,

"The 24th of May is the Queen'sBirthday,

If we don't get a holiday. we'll,II run away, ' , "

To school-children , "the 24th"means a break from classes. becauseit is Empire Day, which was, inother times, the birthday of QueenVictoria. hence the rhyme, To

"

many people "the 24th" meansrna n y thing", but its paramountmeaning is in tima tclv connectedwith fishing,

And this is one time. when 't ish'in Newfoundland parlance. docsnot mean 'cod: It means the ram­bow. and the mud-trout. and allthe fish that call [he ar-glers [0 thepond and the gully, For "the 24th 'marks the unofficial opening ofthe trouting season in Newfound­land. The official opening comesin January. and some hardy soulsalways try their luck through theice, But this is a hardship ana

A T LA N TI C GUARDI AN

V. Andrews, Chairman,

without the romance au ached tothe spring foray. Bevides. "the2~lh" is a holiday. and the onlypeople who can tish in Januarya te those who do so from necessity.

Then. too. there is the traditionof "the 24th" - a long. well­established tradition. I t goes backfarther than the old-timers can re­collect. back to the days when "the24th" began to be celebrated as"The Queen's Birthday and forall one knows. much farther. Inthe old days. presumably. "Shank'sMare". the horse and ouggy. andhorseback took the \Valtonians tothe pools until the trains cameinto the picture.

The "T'routers Train": \Vhatexcitement: \Vhat romance : Turnback the pages of histor y to 191.,.Read this advert isernent that ap­peared in the local press:

TROUTERS' TR.·\/.YFirst Holiday ..Hay 24lh.

The lVallonian Club will run aspeci«! train for points as far as12-mile Pos; on Placentia Line."Tichets ior Seal Cove. Holy­rood. A condole and Briqus Junc­tion. S1.40 each return fare.For Hodqeurater , Maher's \Fhit­bourne, Spread Eaq!«, Placentia.l unction, and 9 and 12 milePosts on Placentia line . S 1.80each return fare. Train unlileave Malian Fridau..Hat! nrd.at I I a.rn. Returning leaces 12mile I'OSI al 8 p.m. May 24th.T ichets to be had [rom mern­

bets oi the Club. Gmt! \'j Good­land. and Peter O'_\!ara's DrugStore.

./. L

MAY. 19iZ

.\ oonan. ,~t!cretary_

The \\' altonia n Club. as such.does not insert any marl' adver­tisernents to feature the "TrourersTrain", but the "T'routers Special"is still featured. anti will continueto playa leading role in marking"the 24th." The \V alronia n Clubof 191) cannot lay claim to anyoriginality with regard to the"Trourers' Special" as it is k nown

today. for this has been the prideof two generations of trouters or.in other words, since the New­foundland Railwav was built inthe 1880'5 around Conce pi ion Bav,

Again. the local press is our wit­ness. Take 1889. for instance. forseveral days. up to and includingthe nrd of May. the papers fea­tured large advert iscrnents like this:"Excursion by rail: Thursday andfriday. May 2) rd and Zf t h. forHarbor Grace. Stopping at Top­sail. Kclligrcws. Holyrood." On thesame pages Water Street firmsfirms special izi ng in the equipmentof troutcrs were offering discounts

"

of ten per cent on all outfi ts o ffishi ng tackle worth two dollarsand u p.

O ldt imcrs recall wh en th ey usedcheerfully to go o ut o n f latcars w itha canvas coveri ng to pro tect themfrom the uncertainties of theweather. and w o uld look upon the"Special" of 1952 as travel deluxe.' "Uncertain" is the o nlyword th at can fit the vaga ries ofthe elemen ts that surround th e24th of May. It has varied fromsummer tempera tures under sun nysh ies. through Iog gv days withrain. to the below-freezing pointw ith a mantle of snow on the earth,But. despi te the w eather . theanglers" ho worsh ip " the 2 4th" goou t year afte r year. and, w hen thewo rst happens and wintry weatherco mes on them. the)' . with theirirrepressible enthusiasm . co nsolethemselves with a 10c.l1 saying tha t"May snow is good for the eyes ."

A h : Yes. how they prepare forthis day . Before the wi nter hasgi"en the last Flick of its tai l. " th etalk runs nor th . and the talk runssouth" and it 's all "bout "the24th" . And with the talk beginsthe preparation. Codfisherrne ngo ing to the Banks or to the Labra ­dor Coast could n't t ak e more painsw ith their prcpar.uio ns. than thetro ut-fishi ng wort hies co fo r theiran nual expedition,

With increasing facilities intravel . the cx tension of the rail ­road and construction of roads. theardo r of the fisher me n of "the24 th " was fa nned all th e mo re.Train s we nt farther. and the co rn­ing o f the mo tor-ca r and th e b us.ope ned up ot her areas-unto uchrd

"

areas. pools and streams not. tothat t ime, whipped by rhe angler scast.

Eac h year. too, in St. John's,and the o ther large centres. depar t­men t stores. and spo rts shops stagecompetitions. offering varied andvaluable prizes to rrouters makingrecord baskets . such.l"; 'the Lar­gest H alf -dozen" a nd " the LargestSing le" na tive trout and so on. Thecatches and the ow ners' names arcthe n promi nently displayed in thesto re- w indo w s. In recent years.successful lady troutcrs han: beenthe richer by several pairs of nvlons.~o Newfoundlander has escaped

the spell of " the 24th ." The folkwho h ave never t raveled o n the"T'ro uters ' Special" belong to theranks of the uni niria ted. strangersfo reve r to the camaraderie andhorsepla y. th e bonhomie and leg­ends. the endless pro cession ofstories about the 'o nes that gotaway' . Ever y br ook . a nd gullv,every pond and lake . has its storyand its meaning to some fisherman:most of them arc humorous. man yarc exciting : for. strangely enough,despite the numbers of people whogo fishin g o n " the 24th". theshape of traged y has lo omed vcrvsmall. when compared to otherdates. days ' and occasions through­out the year .

" T h e 24th" has not as vet pro­duced its Paul Bunyan . thoughthe 'tall tales' associated with theannual event are growi ng in sizea nd number as the years go by.;'\'ev('[ w ill they exceed in tall nessth e ta lc b ro ught bac k by o ne u n­pert ur bed a ngler th at th e fish w erebi ting so fiercely. 'h e had to h idebehi nd the trees to bail his hook':

ATLANTIC GUARDIAS

P roduced bv Joh Urn,\. a nd Co ..Lrd ., on e of th e o fde vt f ir ms in~e"foundland . Huha v quickIroeen fillet s ar e b ecom in g: m or ea nd III or e welt -known in North

\n1t'ri r.t . Xewfoundluud r i shca ug h t in th e crvstal-clea .. watersof th e :Sorth Atlantic, pa ck eda nd Frozen h~' th e qu ick-Freezeme th od i" in dee d Seafood lta rexrel fenre.

MAY, ltSZ

JOB BROTHERS.nd Company ltd.

St. John'sEst abl ish ed in 1780

Our staff 01 experiencedDesigners, Engravers andLithographers will gladlyrelieve you of all worry.

BEFORE you feel thenext headache coming ongive us a call . Our medi­cine chest of " k ne w-he w"contains many remediesand sur e cures.

II

.MaJl (ljtlte 01(lJltlt

77,t! Ol't! 1'##11'Dylul,f,ty

ONthe list of Mal' a m a n willpic k up h is h at a nd wa lk out

of a p ub lic bui lding in St. J o hn 'sfor th e last time . Th is m a y notseem particularly remarkable . Butwhen the man is John J. M ah on yand the bi uldi ng is City H all - itis almost an understatement to sayan era has ended . It 15 just a fewwee ks under 54 years since John J.Mahony as a youth of 15 beganhis life of service (0 the city ofSt. .lohns. II is not surprising that,in the mOTC than half-centurv dUT#ing which he has devoted himself(0 his n a t ive cit)' . he has been re­fer red to as J " o ne-m an dynasty",a "living h isto ry of the past 50yea rs of St. Joh n's ' . and th e "deanof city clerks of North A merica."

It is as City Clerk th at J. J.M ah on y 's name h J S b een familiarto J generation of St. John's peo ­ple: but in his long ca reer he hasheld CYCr)' important post in theCity H all leading up to that keyjo b . At one stage he held . not oneimportant post but three : and italmost ruined his health. It \\'.1 .,

in 1911. Mr. Joh n L. Slattery,then Secrcrary 'Treasurer. fell sick:he was followed short lv after bythe Accountant. M. K Greene. A:that time M r. Mahonv was CityTax Clerk. For six months "J.J. "was th ree m en ro lled into o ne, andby the tim e the weight was takenfro m h is shou lders . he was almost

2Z

John J. Mahoney

ready to collapse. II wa s that k indof selfless and con-ci cnt ious dcvo­t ion that caused the limitat ion ofhis annual vacation to some 20weeks in f ifr y-four vears: and 111

the past q u a r tcr -ccn tury he neverserned to ma nage J straight week'sholiday.

J ohn J. Ma ho ny was born onthe 19 1h of Apri l. 188'. in St.John 's West . son 01 the late \Vill­iam and Bridget (Sulhvan : Mahony. He was educated b y theChristian Brothers .11 St. Patr ick sHall. and went to work with theSt. John 's Municipal Council staffas stenographer -t ypist. July. 1898.

His promot ions were rapid. Hewe nt to Junior Clerk in 1900 . toActing Tax Clerk In 1YOI. to Fi rst(Tax I Clerk and Assistant Ae­co untant. 1912. In the interim.the Co uncil had 1110'-'CJ into thenew "City Hall ", [he unpretentiousbrick building on Duck worth St . ,

AT LA N T IC GUAR D IAN

opened in 191 1. and occupied eversince. In 1920. JI,!r. Mahonv be­carne Justice of the Peace and' Ac r­ing Secretary- Treasurer. md a yearlater was appointed City Clerk ofSt. .Iohn's. the first. and for manyyears. the only corpoi ate m u ni­palit y in Xewfounula nd. So muchthen for the vital sransucs of this"one-man dynasty that ends:vial' ,I.

"A living histo ry of the past 50years of St. John's" is no cxaggcr­at ion either.

When the young.tenographer­typist walked into the RenoufBuilding in 1898, the town wasstill reeling from the devastatingblow of the great fire of 1892.For many years after, the muni­cipal revenue was about S80.000.for the simple reason there were sofew premises and dwellings to as­scss for taxes. When he becameCity Clerk, that revenue was justover ha lf a million dollars. Todayit is close to a million and a halfdollars.

In 18 9 8 . St. John's could boastelectric lights and telephones butonly a privileged few enjoyed theseamenities of civilization. It \\'.15 atown of gravel streets, stony side­walks, and cobbled drains, where.

after J rainstorm, boys With broomsswept a passageway through themud at busy intersections. In 7\Ir,Mahonys opinion- -and he shouldknow-the growth ot SL John'sreally began with the institur ion ofthe City Council. and 10 all othercommunities this could he an ob­ject lesson. in the advantages oilocal sclf-govcr nm-rn . The townreceived a setback with the '92 fireand the '91 Bank Crash. but byI 900 building had been resumed.the street railway was in operationand the era of development hadarrived.

"J. J. Mahony. CIlY Clerk'recalls many anecdotes, humorousand otherwise. from his uniquelifetime in the service of the capi­tal city. At least 50 years ago.Han. George Shea was Ma yor. andMr. Bennett, afterwards Sir JohnBennett. headed the poll for coun­cillors and aurornaticaliv becameDeputy Mayor. Mr. Mahony wasthen Stenographer-Secretary to theCouncil. and at one of the meetingsin Mayor Shea's absence. the chairwas occupied by the DeputyMayor. In those far-off days.Councils were paid on the basis ofa certain sum per attendance at

(Continued on page 26 -.

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MAY, 1952

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(Continued from page 23 )

meetings. When the stenographer­secretary WJS makin g up the listfor payment . he missed Mr. Ben ­nct ts name , bee a usc it wasn 't inthe list o f Councrllors. and theamount o w ing him for that morn­in g was deduct ed from his monthlyremun erati on . Mr. Bennett en ­joyed th e situatio n immen sely .Y ca rs aft er when he had receivedth e accolade a nd had moved to th ehigh est co uncils o f stat e he oftenjoke d witb Mr. Mahon y about thet ime h e w as doc ked for occ up y ingthe M ayors seat.

The turbul ent years o f the earl y19 20's w ere ··J.J.·s· resting time .In th e wak e o f \V orld \Var One,unem p loy me nt and dissatisfactionwere cvcryw herc. with St. John'sno exceptio n. Ali lIElr situationWJS developing with almost 3000men out of work. The MayorWJS absent from the country andth e Squires govoxnmcn t had itshands full with tho island 's prob ­lems. The unemplo yed marched toCity Hall and there was a littlerumpus . But J. J. Mahony waso n the SP 0 1. H e k new all therin gl eaders by name or reputation .and he go t them into his office,mollified them and by determina ­tion and tact averted a crisis .

Then. too. in ea rlv 1921 a tem ­porar y Com m issio n was appointedto run the city. Lat er in th e sea ­so n, am id th e hectic atm osphere o tN cwfoundtand national politics,rhe mer e fact that the Commission 'sterm had ex p ired escape d o ff icialno t ice. No prov ision was madefor th e Com m issions appoint me n tor for the electio n of J new coun­ci l. For th ree m onths "J .J ." h eld

"

the Iorr as Mayor. Councillors andC ity Hall personified . till th eHouse of A ssembly passed th e ne­cessary legislation and the comm is­sion wa s reappoint ed o n their termextended pending a Decemberelec tio n .

On th e w alls o f his o ffi ce In

C ity H all . is a fram ed ceruficar et itl ed " Ve te ra n' s R eward" w ith th efo llo w ing words: "S tateme nt : Thisis to certify that J . J. Mahon v h asbeen g ran ted th e V eteran 's R ew ardby th e Am eri can Publ ic W orksA sso ciation o n th is dat e in r ccog ­ni tion of h is long -md faithful scr­" ice in th e em ploy of the C it y ofSt. J ohn ' s. Ne wfou ndl and. Canada ,durin g th e peri od o f f ift y yea rsbeginning in e igh teen hundred andninety -eight and is sti ll serv ing th ecommunit y at the lime of mak in gthi s award . In Testimon y Where­o f: this cert if icate has been issu edthis nineteenth dav of Oct ob er,1949 . Attest. J. \\T. Morgan ,Prcs.. Donald F. Herrick , etc ..Director .':

The man spoken of in tha ttestimonial came into the Counc il' so ff ices with the f ir s r appointedCo m m issio n, ten vears aft er the f ir stof three co uncils l partiall y electedunder th e W ard S ystem . par ti allyappoint ed by th e G overnrn en t. tooko ffice.

T o chat wi th J. J Mah o n y isto be o n fam iliar term s with m o sto f th e may or s and ci ty fatherssince, th eir personaliti es an d th eirac h ieveme n ts over a sp an o f almost'; 5 yea rs. It is to be to ld first hz ndo f th e p erp lex it ies of a C ity Clerkfo r m or e tha n a ge ne ra tion. Trulyhe is the "dean of c ity clerks in:"onh Am er ica .'

ATLANT'C GUARDIAN

SI'ORTSMLV'S GUIDE TO.\'E\I'FOUSDLAND, Newfound­land T ourist Decelopment Office ,

A g rea t deal of W OfK , researchand fishing 'k no w- ho w' went intothis little , 2- pag e publicationwhich contains the first co rnp reh en­sive surv ey o f sporting conditionso n the island . Miss Margaret God ­den . Assistant Director . who com­pil ed th e booklet from authenticfishing experiences in Newfound ­land. deserv es a special orchid for J

job well done. H od th e materialbeen placed between mot e colorful(0\'('f5, it could have risen abovethe purely informational category .and qualified as a slick publicationbut. in spite of rather unfortunatepresentation, this little booklet isa ' m ust" for the sportsman afield.

The information ranges from de ­tails on individual fishing spots.with records of catches. to detailso n transportation . bag limits. h ­ccnccs. a nd other data of interestto th e vi siting spo rt sm a n.

•PHOTOGRAPH Y AFIELD byOrmal f. Sprungman. ( T he Stack­pole Com pan y. Harr i...burg . Penn­sylcania. s7. 50 .)

An y ~ewfoundlanci er warnin g am or e permanent tr opb y than th etr out o n his plate o r th e dust ­gatheri ng antl ers o n hi s w all woulddo w ell to h.1H' a look at th is new

MAY. l!5Z

472 -page edition from south of theborder. I t is chock full of mf or ­marion to delig ht not only the pro ­fessional photographer but also theser io us amateur 'sh ut ter -b ug' - fo rt hat matter, anyone who ev er tookto the open spac es.

The first book of its kind slantedat the cam era- o w ning o u tdoo rrna n.it is writt en by .J man who icspo rtsma n. writer and photographerin hi s o w n right . a nd is illustratedwith 4 0 0 top -grade black a ndwhit e phot os and ten f ull -col o rsho ts. It is a slick. readable. andhi ghly del ightful book .

Because 1 'e w fo und land is j ustab out t hc 'fi sh ing-est spot inAmerica . the ch ap te r o n f ilmin gth e catch wil l have particular in ­tcr est . but subjects ran ge all thewa y fr om shooting t w.th a cam ­era. of course ) the f lick in the fish 'stail to catchin g big game at nightwith the aid of flash photography.For the photographer-sportsmanwho wants to go all -out on the trip,there is information on lJO\V to de­velop film en route. using a nearbyrunning stream as source of waterand a red -hooded flashlight as asafelight. There is also CJt.l on thetype and ma ke of ca mera to choose .h ow to care for it a rtd how tocompose your photos for the bestrcsults-c--witb aucnrion to bothst ill and movi e work .

\Vhil e it is not writt en with ano verpowe r ing quantity o f technicaldetail. as arc man y photographvbooks. it pr ovides I n o m niboo k ofju st about ever yth ing th e o u tdoo rphotogr apher would want l O know- w he th er he ha s J box camera or

27

NEWFOUNDLAND ALBUM

F()lImdll~ i .... wor ld p remiere in St. Jllhn\ i;t'l Ldl , 11IlIK·ri;.tI (Jil'~

color film . "Xewfouudtand Scene" he~an ito. cro....-Canada ..how­

ill~". and 011 ,\ p r il 27. at the Canadian Film Award.. in 'Toronto,i' ,",',h named "Film of the year"-rCltrc!'o('nling the highe..t achieve;

meut in Canadian film production in 1951. In the following pages,Attauric (;uanliall proudlv presents scenes from the p,rilc-""inningpicrure, 1,,1...('11 by Crawley Films of Onawa. nuder ('Ollllllh.. iou 01

ltnperial Oil.

Om' of the I1ICl~1 vivid 'Iot"iluenu's of the 111mit , dealt wit h the

whale hUIIl, a~ sound men wen I alon~ wirh camera crews on an

aurhenric hunt, our or \\'illiamspoTI. III rhe picture above, 3

member or a whaling ship\ r rew is "slrt·amliniu1-::" a dead levia­than h~ oluill!o:' ito; fins and fluke -.() that il can be towed taf,iI~·.

The other photo ~hows a hig Atlanric whale, harpooned several

eta~ .. before, lowt'd to \\'illiamspo~1 10 he· 011 up fur CU:IIlIlt'f( ial U'( s.

MAY. tf52

·\ rlfl l lu.·r unforgcttahlc ..L'(lu eIlU' was the !'I('al hu n t, ·., l l h n ll ~h some

"p l.'lo l .lI n r !'I "(llIinlll'd .1 lillie at the ..ighl of rhc hdplt-.... .1IId appeal ­

ing' lillie ..whitcroa ...", like (hi, ouv. fadug' theh- c xecuf io n er ...

• :\'l'\\ Inuudlaud Slo'l'lIC ," ..che-duted to 1'1111 :~u 1II ;IIUI('s. ended ti p

with (' 11f)1I~'1 uuucr ial for a seven-hour ruu. Ediling' wa .. the hig­

p ruh ll'l ll . hUI rh e Iju i ..hed joh had juvt 0\('1' I, ·UHl Icet or film.a u l 1'.111 abou t :~~ minute... complete wit h IIIlhi( ' .II H I rouuuentarv .

{Lef t } 'The lIIighq whale, IO\H'd a ..hore .11 \\' ill ia llh IHln , i .. about 10

he processed in the busy whaltng plant ..hown in the background.

" Xvw fo u n d fa nd S(t'n e" wa .. chosen fur " (' XU'lI l'IIU' nl phntograpll\ ,

dramatic cnutent and a high ..taudarr! ul p-oductfou. " SOllie i nIilm.. \\l'n' l'ClIHpeliuJ.: at Toronto.

M A Y, I'5Z 31

TO AMBITIOUS

YOUNG

NEWFOUNDLANDERS

A BUSINESS COURSE

is a valuable Ir awinl' and Budto • person no matter what pre­fHaion or occupation they ma)'decide to make their life work.

Our Standard of Training has beenmaintained durillK the war yearsand is continuing fin that high IC'\-dwith improve.meuts and ad­ditions whereand when poe­sihle.

I II / o rmat io niree onreques t

NEWFOUNDLJlND BOOKSHELF(Cont in ued from pa ge 2 7

severa l th ou sand dollars w or th oreq uip me nt. H ere is a 'rr.ust" fora nyone w ho spe nds h is m ost en­jo vab le hou rs o ut-of-doors. and ag uide to further enjoy me nt of rhos,hours. -A.L.

m agazinI' m.:J.incoln -.\l crcury T im es. Dt-or­

born. J\f lchifJun.- l n case you hap­pcncd (0 miss it. (he July-August.19'5 I. issue of this magazr ncspl urged with J five-page storv."Newfou ndland F ishi ng V illage"by H arr iett e \Vil burr P orter. com­pl ete w it h some exce lle nt colorwork by arti st Ca mp bell T' inn inc .The best o f th e lo t. a ch armingstudy of P ou ch Cove. is used asth e cove r ill us trat io n .

The .\ n imab .-\ rr in- in Newfoundland

lV" ,vi fl ll ." I I ,..,,1 il . , ; ." " I ..,A ."" IJiJ·f(~.""., t !

by CECIL HOTSON

CB IOLOGISTS. who sp end the irtim e unra veling th e mysteries

of lif e. ar e tacklin g o ne o f rhcmo st elusive probl ems they ha veeve r had 10 fa«·-a proble m whichco ncerns the animals of Newfou nd ­land .

Tbey want 10 discover (I ) whyNe w fo und la nd animals are d iffer-

MAY, 19';2

co t from those on the mainland :( 2 I wh y so few species ar e o n theIsland: n) how long these speci eshave been Newfoundlanders.

Until three years ago . few scicn ­tific studies of the lsla nd ani malpopu la t ions and their ch.irnctcris­tics h ad been made. M an y theorieshad been advanced hut the "V as

33

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"

GUARDIANof the Rome

ATLANTIC GUARD IAN

you dcrc . Charfics r" t ypc o f q ues­tio n stopped the biologists in th eirtracks. T h ey had few facts tosubsta n t ia te th eir th eor ies. T'here .fo re. the N at io na l Museum of Ca n ­ada sen t a field party to New ­found la nd . headed by Austi n \V.Ca meron. for th ree successive sum­.n ers to ga ther animal specimensa nd descr ipt ive data.

Mammal ogist Ca me ro n fo u ndplenty . H e di scov ered that only 14m ammal sp ecies live on th e Island .w he reas. o n th e mainland . the reare more th an thirty. And th echa rac teris t ics of th ese ani m als. sud:as foo d habits. liv in g ha bits, col ora nd size. vary in a suf fic ien t num ­ber of cases that New fo und landanimals can be clas sed as sub ­species.

Eve n st range r than th at is th ea nswe r to pr oblem three. New­fo u nd la nd ani ma ls have not alw ayslived o n th e Islan d : originally theymig ra ted fr om Labrad or . But noo ne k nows co ncl usively h o w o rw he n th ey managed to reach thecoast o f C a na da 's te nth provi nce-c-­although it is o nly ] I m iles acrossth e Strait of Belle Isle '

I n their attempts to reconstructrh e story. th e geo log ists have com eto the conclusion that Newfou nd ­la nd was completely covered withice at so me per iod of time follow ­ing separation from the mainland .Their theory is that all animal lif ­w as wiped out during this Ice A CJ.eand th e present population C'rigi~ ­atcd from mammals that managedto reach the island at a later period.possib ly by crossing tbc ice durin gwinter. by swimming or on float­Ing debris .

"Once rb cv wer e rh crc ' say s

~1AY . 1'52

Cameron . " The)' underw ent a pro ­cess o f evo lu t io n different fr om thatof the mainland because they werebroken off from the ir species. and.in some cases. had to adapt theirfeedi ng and living habits to J com ­pletely different environment ."

Captain H . W . Walters, chiefGame \Varden for the Xcwfound ­la nd Departme nt of Nat ural Re ­so urces, had this to say , " I t wou ldappe ar th at m ost o f the indige no usm amm al s o f th e Island ha ve beenth ere fo r an eno rmously lo ng spaceof t im e a nd. d uring this period.ha ve developed ma rked cha racter­istics. cra nia l an d o therwise. w hichdis ting uis h th em fro m sim ila r ani ­mal s o n th e mainland and givethem th e cla ssifi cation of sub ­specres,

F irs t am ong Ne wfou nd land a ni ­ma l groups ar e the so- called nativespecies. the largest gro up . made upof the Newfoundla nd caribou ,Newfou nd la nd bea ve r. Newfo und­la nd mu skr at , Newfou nd la nd m ea ­do w m ou se, Ne w fo und land redfox. Newfou nd la nd lynx. New -found land otter. Newfou ndlandmarten ( rare). Newfoundlandhare (so rare that many peoplehave never even seen one J . blackbear. little br own bat. long -earedbat . short - tailed weasel and tb »now extinct Newfoundland wolf.These are the o nly " fo ur- foo tedanimals." as biologists insist or.calling them. which ha ve alwa vsbeen on the Island. .

Those which w ere introducedfrom o th er pans of '-=:a nadJ andhave since multiplied successfull ytorm the second grou pin g : theN o va Scotia snowshoe hare . trn ­r~of( ('d in 1864 : th e castcr n moos e

JS

For All Your FruitRequirements

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int rod uced fr o m New Bru nswickin 190 5 ; th e ho use mouse an dJ'\orway fat. bro ug h t in inadvert ­entlv o n ships : a nd m ink. the mostrecen t newco me rs, mostly escapesfrom fu r far ms .

T he int rod uction of the moosehas p roved of great benefit becauseit has re lieved h u n t ing p ress ure onthe native caribou which. in thepast. had been slaughtered in greatnumbers.

The IJS( category is the "i nfrc ­quent visitor " the polar bear annArctic fox . so named beca use tb evdo no t ordinarily breed there butarc so meti mcs earned to th e COJ~t

or. ice floes in the late summer andea rly fa ll.

T be fact that tbcrc an' no tr uehibe rna to rs bears o ut the theorytha t a nima ls first reac hed :"!ew ­fcu nd la nd by crossi ng from themai n la nd on th e ice in winter. A ni ­ma ls d eep in wi nrer-s lecp. such asch ip m u n ks, grou ndhogs, j ump in gm ice, a nd. to a lesser ex te n t. thesku nk a nd raccoon, co uld not beexpec ted to mi gr at e fr om La brado rat tha t t im e of the year since th eyate in a sla te closely rese rnb fingdeat h. Of the co m mon. n ati vesem i- hiber n.n o r. a nd his p rese ncethere may be accounted fo r by hi-,habit of prow li ng around (li ke abear w ith a sore head ) after beingdist ur bed fro m winter-sleep duringthe war mer days.

"The abse nce of squi rre ls. chip­mu nks. mo les. shrews. wood­ch ucks. lem mings a nd porcupi nespossibly explains why there are soIcw o ther lar ge predator y ma mmalson the Isla nd ." Camero n declared" It cou ld be that some of the m a r-

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IMPORTERS OF

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.rIll

Residing on the Island haschanged the livi ng hab its of scv­cra l species. T ha t they d idn t dieo ut after mi gra tin g is attri bu ted totheir abi lity to make do wi th whatthey can get. A case in point isthe beaver. wh o . incidentally. doesa lot more th an ride aro und on theback of the Canadian nickel. Thislitt le eng ineer ta kes great delight inconstructing his inge nious damsand lodges from soft. green logsand sticks. especially poplar andbirch. But. on the Island, blackspruce is more plentiful and lodgeshaw been found to be built of 80per cent spruce, with the remainder20 per cent mapl e, birch and alder.

T'here must be alwavs an excep­tion to break any rule . and in thiscase it is the Island caribou . Oithe woodland species (as distinctfrom the barren type I it. strange

MAY, ItSZ

This shortage of small animalswhich comprise the basic food formany of the larger predators hascreated a tough life for those ani­mals which are present. In somecases. their instinctive habi ts havehad to change. For instance. it isnot yet know n what the New­foundland marten cats since its fa­verite food , red squirrel. is absent.The Newfoundland lynx did no tbegin to increase u ntil the snow­shoe hare was introduced. Beforethat time . the lynx probably livedon Arctic ha re. which IS no w dim­inishing in n umbers,

r ivcd th ere but have since died outBut. until we han' proved that..111 we can say is that they arc notknown to have occurred there inhistoric rime."

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DIAL 3115-7333

III \1 .-1171 :? line )

to SJ)'. is much fig hter in col O f • .1

sa ndy-brown with white o n face.h ead and legs . l nterior caribou h .1\'Cprac t ical ly no white on face or legs.A nother different characteristic isthe antler which is much better de ­vc loped than that of interior wood ­land species. probably for prorec ­rive reasons during fiercer ruttingseason battles in the presence oflarge herds.

What other animals does New ­foundland lack ' Deer. for one . butbiologists arc on their toes witban answer to that one. They saythat. .H the time the animals arcsupposed to have migrated (0 th eIsland . there were no deer as farcast in Canada as the M ar it imes.

Dee r mice a re also lacking. al ­though they reac hed Anticosti an"the M agdalen Islan ds in the G uli of51. Law re nce, Newfou nd landerscan rejo ice, however. in the knowl ­edge tha t they ha ve the meadowmouse wh ich never got toA nticosti:

Frogs have bee n in t ro d uced intothe Avalon Penins ula bu t there areno snakes, toads, newts. sa larna n ­ders. fireflies. cr ick ets or pota tobeetles.

A s Captain Walters has sa id ,"Newfoundland is more rema rkable for the sp ecies it lacks du nfor (h e hi ghl v -di f fcr eru ia rcd o nesth a t It co n t .n ns.

SNOW'S IRON AND elECT RICAL WORKS, LI MITEDt .i- . n . Til/d· H /' I/ I / d i l i t

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ATLANTIC GUARDIA . '

--J.Vf!,vi"o"."II,••,,1'Il,e Q •.,,(,.,

by MELBA LENT

THEmagic word "Newf o u nd­land " is eno ug h to dra w a

cro w d in an y auditorium in "For­onto- includ ing church.

Four years ago. \\ hen New ­fo u nd lan d became part of Canada .Rev. Ernest Marshall Howse.S. T.M .. PhD.. D.O .. set aside aspec ia l church service to ( 0 111­

mc rno ra te th e occasio n. The even ­ing was su ch a succ ess. that th e lastSu ndav in March is now se t asideautom a t ica lly a:f " N ewfoundland~ i ght" in Bloor SI. United Church.

It WJS D r. How scs Ne w fo und­la nd training coming to the for e.So n o f Dr. C harles Howse. wh ouse d to be a mini st er Jt Tw illing.arc.an d brother of Claude Howse. I'\ew ­fo u nclla nd Gov ernm ent geo lo g is t.R.: \', Ernest How se received h ise.irl y tr.rining in N ewfoundlandand was J stud ent minister at Bur ­~ co.. Clark e's Bl'Jch .m d La 5C\cbefo re he we nt abr oad . Since th en.he h JS ha d ch urc bcs in Bev er leyHills. Ca l. . Edinb urgh. Wi n nipeg.a nd T or omo- but hi.' st ill reta ins J\\ arm spot in his be irt for his...n ivc isle.

For that first ,fC\ . fou ndlandn ~ h L Re v. HOW'h' pr epared a real' .'\vfollr.dIJ:1o program g uara n-•...d to make a nv Toronto New ­ou ndl.mder homesick. H ighlight

the eveni ng \\... as Rorna Butlercw fo u ndl .md -bo rn singer no w

\ .i rb l ing her \VJ\' (0 fame in theOucen Cit v. "TIus vcar till' speci.rl

feature o f th e even ing wa s a I :;minute film o n Newfoundlando u tpo rts.

El even hundred attended thespecial Newfoundland service ­most of whom were Newfound ­landers. The min istcr officiall ygrected his countr yrnen . observingtha t they wer e co rnme rno rat ing th edat e o n which " Newfoundlandtook Ca na da into C o nfederat io n":then th e a ud ito rium was thrownint o darkness. and th e fi lm, whichrequ ired tw o years to create. wasthrown on th e screen .

The co mme nta to r fou ght a 10"­ing batrl e. as Familiar scenes flash edo n th e screen , The do ries and th efishin g rais ed murmurs from evcrvportion of th e a ud ience, and nun )'typi cal outport scenes br ou ght loudg uffaw s of laught er that left th ein la nde rs su rprised and puzzled .

F ro m th e darkn ess. a broad Ne wfo u ndland accent murmu red. " S ure.it 's j ust like hom e : ..

"Ho w lo ng ha ve yo u been o ut?a femi n ine vo ice asked .

" N ine mo nt hs. ""Oh. vouH get used to it .

didn t like it here at first eitherbut lve been here I () vcars nowand it's taken me .111 that t ime toget used to it : .

" Lts taken me 20' rumbled abass voice from beyo nd.

Then bega n a running com mentary by a femini ne \ oice In dubIOUSn.u ivc -born Torontoni 111 "Sa

\lAY. 19:iZ "

them work ing in the garden ~

Everybody helps everybody elseI here . . . They" re a lot ha ppierthere . . . Everybody o w ns .1 boatthere. her e onl y the rich own boats.hut there it 's just like having .1 car

. In St. John 's t hev haw a 101 ­

tcr y on the seals ... It makes mehomesick just (0 watch ."

After th e film . several hundredhomesick Newfoundlanders. gath ­ered in th e club room to drinkcoffee and eat biscuits donated bythe church clubs whil e they renewedold acquaintances, In one cornerwas J gro up of Tw illin gate people

- M r. and Nits. Maxwell Gu y a ndJoan Guy. Mr. and Mrs. H .aro ldPelley and Lloyd Legg In a n­o th er corner wa s J gro up fromCorner Brook , and so it went." Ne wfo und land" was th e w or d o neveryo ne's lip s, and final word o fad vice to the newc om er to Torontow as-' 'Y o u com e herr (0 church .It's a friendly church :"

A nd com e they do. R,,·. Howsereports. They not only come tothe Sunday servi ce, but man y aNewfoundlander comes to R(-",'H owse to ge t married .

•ALL TYPES OF CASUALTY INSURANCE

AND BONDS

J. K . LACEY

RESiDENT MANAGER

CITY CH ....MBERS, 241 W ....TER STREET

ST. JOHN'S, NFLD.

•

FISHERMEN'S UNION TRADING COMPANY, LIMITEDHe-ad Office- and Distributinc De-pot at Port Union Nrwfoundland

Incorporate'! in 1911. - Branches alone iheXor rh . Ea st coast irom POrt Rexton to La Scie

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• Importt'ra of Dr)'Coo d s . HardwareProvisions . FidJrry;;alt. Coal. etc

• Exportrra of SaltedHard Dried and LabradorCure Codfish. Pickled Sal­'''(In l'I,n o Hrrrinr. Bt'rrie-s .

ATLANTIC CUARDIAN

by MARK RONAYNE

SJ M E folks call it "DaylightSavi ng Time" while ot hers

know it as "Newfoundland Time."More refer to it as "Fast Time".and-students of history will tellyo u-s-the re was o nce a time whereit was known as "Co lo nial Time.'

B ut in our hou se, w he n I w as a:kid, my Dad had eve n anot her and,it seems to me, m ore co lorful wayof desig na ting this yearly businessof p utti ng the clock ahead onehour o n a specified Sunday nighteach year.

To him, as far back as I can re­member. the special Time wroughtby a gentle sweep of his tight fo re­finger against the big hand of thestolid kitc hen clock, giving us kidsan extra. wonderful hour of sun­shi ne each da y, was "John Ander­so n's Time" and thus it rem ainedall h is lif e.

They say of th e Sco ts-and th eScots are the fi rst to quote it atany p ub lic gathering - that " aMe T av ish was e'er L av ish. " Butit is ex tre mely do ubtful if even thethriftiest Caledonian prror to orsince the time of the immortalRobert the Bruce ever conceivedsuch a sweeping project of frugalityas did the H a n. John Andersonw ho. ., 5 years ago. suggested savingno less a co m modity than T IM Eitself!

Fo r Joh n Anderso n was asthor rro ug h a Sco t as everr r becameprrrres ide nt of a bank, a trrrustco mpa ny, a rrrrailway 01 an ins urr­ranee co mpa ny.

MAY, 1952

Born and educated at Saltcoats.Scotland. he came out to New­foundla nd when h e was but 20}cars of age and just five yearslater was a partner in the drygoodsbusi ness of Anderson ~ L umsde n.

Coinc ide nt with a meteo ric risein th e co m merc ial life of the co u n ­n y. he also became p rom inent inpolitics (as a R ad ical Libera l) andtook a n ou tstanding part in help in gto improve the housi ng sit uationin St. John's.

But it is as the Father of th eDaylight Saving Bill, which over­rode strong opposition to becomethe law of the land, that he is bestremembered.

There were districrs-s-partic ular­Iy those devoted to far ming andfishi ng-whic h flatly ref used tohave anythi ng to do with th issenseless ( to th em ) idea of puttingthe clock o n one mo n th and pu sh ­ing it back a few m onths later .T he re are even some places todaywhere the people go by God's(and their own good) time.

These people couldn't see muc hpoint in having "daylight day andnight"; but the proposal caught o nin urba n areas among workerschained to desks, factories and shopswho welcomed th e extra hour atdayligh t a t the end of their day',wo rk.

A mo ng th e peop le whom th e re­vol utio na ry A nderso n Bill in th eHou se of Assemb ly set to th ink ingwas one Ja mes Murph y, who, afterdue co nsu lta tio n with h is Muse,

41

penned th e foll o win g lines to theEdi tor of the Eve ni ng Telegra m :

"Joh n Anderson, my jo , John,\Ve know you 've had yo ur shareOf this world's ups and downs'

John,Si nce you came here fro m Ayc;But at last you' re satisfied, John,Your features wear a glow,Since the passi ng of your Day-

light Bill ,John Anderson, my jo .."As prescribed in the Bill, which

passed its third reading in theHouse on June 6, 191 7, the Actcame into effect on the second Sun ­dav of Ju ne in that year,

'D escrib ing its deb ut , a reporterwas moved to write :

" A t nine o 'clock Ia'st nig h t, citi ­zens of SI. John 's were sta r tled tohear the so und of a cannon, A tfirst ma ny tho ugh t it was th e ar­rival of a Hom e Boat , bu t on mak ­ing inquiries learned it was the' noo n-day gu n ' o n Sig nal Hill an­nouncin g to the peo ple of New ­fo undland th e comi ng into effec tof the "Dayligh t Savi ng Bill."

As no p ublic anno uncement hadbeen made that the gun wo uld befi red. we presume it mu st have au­to ma tica lly d ischar ged itself in or­de r to get even with an error th atwas made some years ago w hen the'noo n-day g un' was no t fi red ,

If this be no t true, may we sug­gest to th e Minister of M arine andFisheries th at he let the public knowwho fired the 'Daylight SavingGun' ?

He knows. we s'pose.Some time later. the firs t Sunday

in May became the official open­ing date for the Davlight Savingperiod each year with the closing

.z

bei ng cha nged to the first Sundayin October,

Next, in the wake of Confeder­ation, and in order to facilitate rail­way. airline and rad io schedules.the dates wer e changed to the laseSunday in April and the last Sun­day in September. which are now'observed by the majority of mum­cipalities throughout the nation,

'M idst these changes, one sel­dom hears today any mention ofthe local founder of this custom.but in our home, anyway, his name.is not forgotten and John Ander­so n can rest ( as he has for quite2 wh ile) assured that his TIMEwill never be forgotten ,

COMING. JULY

Another Guardian

A.ssociates Book!

•T he Slu r)' of the Un i ted Sta tes

No rt heast Com m a nd

a nd its

~ew(olilld i alld C..-workers

at work. at play . . . and in

th e air.

•64 PAGES

OVER 1SO PHOTOGRAPHS

ATLAN TIC GUARDIAN

Vlle/e Hellry~s G/.osterby JOHN C, PUDDESTER

y ou G "Nipper" Kane waslounging in front of Harold

nick Martin's genera! store. Heand two other youths of RockHarbor were engrossed in somechoice ghost stories being told by"Uncle" Henry Long.

"Well, sir," Uncle Henry wassaying. "I k nowed right then thatthe 01' ghoster til' Nooker's P'intwuz after me, an' I made up memind that I wuzn't goin' ter bidean' argy wit'n : 00. 'e wuz a'orrible h'apperit ion ..."

"'E only 'ad one h'eye, an'that wuz dab in the rmddle uv 'is'ead !"

Nipper paled, and little JimmyCarter, who was onlv twelve. butallowed to smoke b~cause he hadbeen to the Labrador twice already,almost dropped his pipe.

" 'E 'ad two big, black 'oles fer'is nose," went on Uncle Henrygrimly, "an' 'e 'ad fangs as long asJ.n o~r ,pin: an' .. the y all slimy an'droolin .....

Uncle Henry paused and spat astream of tobacco juice into theGust. the last few droos landing inhis already rusted white beard. Hewiped these away with a gnarledhand. which. at the same time.served to hide his mischievous grin.

The boys were glancing behindthemselves nervously at every dog'sbark and at every creak of the boatstied to the stagehead, Unconscious­ly, they moved closer to the oldman, as if his presence and theirromradeship were thwarting thegloom of the descending night.

MAY, 1952

Finally, the question came in anawed whisper :

"What did you do, Uncle'Enryr"

"I runned!" said the old mansimply: "an ' I never stopped 'tillt wuz four mile away'"

This brought a laugh."You sure tells good stories,

Uncle 'Enry." spoke up Nipper,"but we knows you makes 'em upen' they not be really true a fall."

"Isn't they, now?" whispered:J ncle Henry, glaring. "Well now,I 'lows I could tell ye one 'bout af,hoster that bides in this very placetoday; up there," and he raised a'lui\'ering forefinger and pointedover their shoulders, "in the ceme­tery."

The boys slowly followed thecirccrion of his outstretched arm.T hey could see nothing for thedarkness, but each could imaginethe tilted white crosses and stones,and the shadows that flitted in thetall, rustling grass of Rock Har­bor s small cemetery.

"An' 'tis one ghoster youm bet­ter steer clear of. Young Kane. meL'y." went on the old man, "'cause'ell be after you fer doubtinn ."

Nipper laughed. forcedly. "Go'way. Uncle 'Enry. You makes upthem yarns be the barrel! [paysno 'tention to 'em." But his ex­pression belied his words.

"All right," sighed Uncle Henry.wagging his wise old head as if inresignation. "But don't say [ didn'twarnn ;"

As it was after ten. the other

43

boys expressed intentions of ret ir ­ing . Nipper glan ced towards theroad that led past th e cemeter y tohis hom e out on the point.

"Hey, Jimmy," he ventured, " Igot some cigarettes here. Let's godown under the stage an' smoke'em."

"Naw." refused yo ung Carter,"I don 't 'ave to 'ide when I wants.~ smoke. 'Sides, I'm ga in' 'ormnow.'

Nipper turn ed to Martin Stiles '" Let' s go down an ' raid Mark San­some' s turnip field ," he suggested"hoping this would appeal to th~

ot her's adventurous soul."No, b'y." replied Martin, " ' ris

fog com in ' in an ' t 'will be cold theonce, Anyway, [ wu z s' posed tobe 'o rne a hower ago ."

Nipper took an other look at theroad, H e was seriously thinking of,

borrowing a dor y from the stage­head and rowing across the CO\'eto his hom e. Nipper had a violentaversion to traversin g that road onth is particular night !

The others, who had started tomove off, had turned and werewatc hin g h im,

" Y er know, " said Jimmy Car­ter, slowl y, " [ b'Ii eves 'es feared tergo down that road, "

"I b 'Ii eves it ," agreed MartinStil es,

That wa s enough fo r Nipper,Bend ing o n them o ne witheringglare, he hitched up his trousers andstar ted jauntily down the road,

By the time the village was tenminutes behind him , and his homewas still twent y minutes ahead, he,was approaching th e graveyard,Now was the tim e to double backand get that dor y ! But the hardy

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ATLA N TIC GUARDIAN

young Newfoundlander would notquit now.

Nipper began to whistle "TheStar of Logy Bay ", but the plain­tive melody had such a weird toneto his own car that he hurriedlychanged it to a lively jig.

When he came abreast of thewhite fence of the cemetery. heaverted his head and quickened hisstep. He had gone about twentypaces when he could no longer reosist a sidelong glan ce to his right

He froze in his tracks.There was a light in the ceme­

tery !A small pinpoint of a pale. un ­

earthly light was moving slowly,some four or six inches from theground. on a course parallel withhis own.

Nipper vainly tried to swallow.\Vhat was it Uncle Henry haddone' He had runned. Nipperput his head down and he runned I

But his next glance. taken duringfull flight. chilled the blood in hisveins. The light now was movingJust as fast as he! It was bouncingalong in long leaps and keeping

stride with him, Nipper moaned,and put on a heart-straining surgeof speed ; but the light stayed withhim ,

Nipper stumbled and slid to hisknees, He clasped his bands beforehim and began to babble furiously:

".1 TowIlJrmedowl1tosl~epIpraythe

Lordmysoultokeepiflshoulddiebeforc1 wakelpraytheLord ..."He stopped on a yelp of terror.

The light had cleared the fence in agraceful arc and was now on theroad before him:

Nipper stared .Loping across the road was a

big , black cat. And in the eat 'smouth was a large. wet herring.From the scales of the herring wasreflected a pale, unearthly light.

Nipper looked at the cat. Helooked at the herring . He lookedup at the moon. He laughedshakily.

He clambered slowly to his feet,paused, then started smartly downthe road towards the 1ight, nowvisible, in the window of his home,far out on the point.

THE COLONIAL CORDAGE CO., LIMITEDSt. John's, Newfoundland

•Established 1882

•

"

Cordage, White andTarred Banking Cables,

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Cotton Seine Twine,Herring Nets and Netting,Wrapping Twines,Oakum, Cutch.Wholesale only.

ATLANTIC GUA RDIAN

SH your local General Electric Deefes- Prius subject to chana"e without noticeCANADIAN GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

LlMlTEDHEAD OFFICE : TORONT0-5a1es OHkes from Cout to Cout

MAY. 1952 47

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:""orth Riv er a n d Ir jrnd. He wa s

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was laJ...('1I last rail , a n d h e i.s ttuson of .\ 11'. a n d ,' '''''1.Dan CUlilming:s.

The white ou i.\ a Iavm-ite phI)"'mute o f Ih e lillie bov.

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48 ATLANTIC GUARDIAN

CANADIANPRINTERSAND ALLIED INDUSTRIES

IfEQUIPMENT II ::;:,::"o."m." Inksan,

I! SERVICE II Ten " ••lnces

II BRA~~I ~::::::;"re.'WInn""

[~9MPLETE II ;:::::':..~"'" saI~ an d

1

1 'I Complete service on new· PERS0 NNEL equipmen!. In-plant service

II and .~ ach,"e shop.

~==~' RepairS.

MANTONBROTHERS, LTD.TORONTO - MONTREAL - WINNIPEG - VANCOUVER

O.A. F'reekex-, .25 > e "'<:IlKl.St~ vohnts, Nf1u.

Nov .

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L OS G IIE FO R E Til E P RESS

l'flOT O <; RAPIi ER go t h ispict ure. Bouncy 's buck sawhad cut th e pulp woodwhich became th e pap er onwhi ch th e pictur e i sprint ed. For Harn e yH <1 110 r a n * i s a N C \1/ - th e journ ey to Co rner run s the foot rule overfound land logger. on the Brook by tru ck , train, every logger at th e startpayroll of the larg est in- sleigh or mo st usual of all, of th e season . Accordingreg rated pulp and paper floating down hy river. to the ca mp cook; hismill in the world . . • th ere to he pulp ed and app~ti rc ~ ~ b~ilt in pro­Bowatcr s at Co rne r Brook . pro cessed into newspr int . portion ! H e d eat a cowI l is job is to fell and cur H allor an stan ds five foot bet we en two Liscuits."th e t rees into four foot eleve n in his sock s. and Barn ey just gr ins . H eholts. using the length of we ighs INO poun ds. ac- know s that a logger with­his buck saw as a standard. co rding to th e record s of our an appe ti teis as uselessT hey arc then ready for th e .vlcdical O fficer who as an axc wirh ou r a handlc.

Thr "',.Jrhole 7.•ralth of Boiratrr CTJjtS/11JllShip. exprrirsu r and rrsrarch in the art of /1lJkill f{

paprr-r-thr "kno....:: I10i':.:' ill short r-- is f rrrly at yo u r srr .....-icr

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THE BOWATER PAPER CORPORATION LIMITEDLondon. and

10 AT 'S NEWFOUNDLAND PULP A PAP ILLS LI ITEDCorner Brook , Province ef X.:ufo undland

CANA DA . GREAT BRITAIN· AUSTRALIA· SOUTH Af RICA · U.S.A. NORWA Y · SWEDEN

·F"(/ j t jou ~ name/or a real charae'n'.