Pumps Ennpi Course
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Transcript of Pumps Ennpi Course
Engineering for the Petroleum and Process Industries
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTMECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INTRODUCTION TOINTRODUCTION TO
WHAT ARE PUMPS?WHAT ARE PUMPS?
Pumps are machines that are used to increase the total energy level Pumps are machines that are used to increase the total energy level of liquid streamof liquid stream
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPSCENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
PUMPS ARE USED FORPUMPS ARE USED FOR
Moving large volumes of liquid from/to storage Moving large volumes of liquid from/to storage tanks or into pipelinetanks or into pipeline
Moving process fluid and circulating cooling waterMoving process fluid and circulating cooling water
Providing water for fire fighting…etc. Providing water for fire fighting…etc.
TYPES OF PUMPSTYPES OF PUMPS
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENTPOSITIVE DISPLACEMENT DYNAMICDYNAMIC
RECIPROCATINGRECIPROCATING ROTARYROTARY CENTRIFUGALCENTRIFUGAL MIXED FLOWMIXED FLOW AXIAL FLOWAXIAL FLOW
PLUNGERPLUNGER
PISTONPISTON
DIAPHRAGMDIAPHRAGM
VANEVANE
GEARGEAR
LOBELOBE
SCREWSCREW
PISTONPISTON
Products Storage AreaProducts Storage Area
Main Process AreaMain Process Area
CENTRIFUGALCENTRIFUGAL PUMPSPUMPS
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS OPERATING PRINCIPAL CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS OPERATING PRINCIPAL
The two main components of a The two main components of a centrifugal pump are the centrifugal pump are the impellerimpeller and and the the volutevolute. .
The impeller produces liquid velocity The impeller produces liquid velocity and the volute forces the liquid to and the volute forces the liquid to discharge from the pump converting discharge from the pump converting velocity to pressure. velocity to pressure.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS EXTERNAL COMPONENTS CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS EXTERNAL COMPONENTS
EXTERNAL COMPONENTS OF EXTERNAL COMPONENTS OF PUMP PUMP
FLIXABLE COUPLING FLIXABLE COUPLING
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS INTERNAL COMPONENTS CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS INTERNAL COMPONENTS
Discharge nozzle Discharge nozzle
Suction nozzle Suction nozzle
Impeller Impeller
Bearing Bearing
Shaft Shaft
Volute Volute
Seal Seal
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS INTERNAL COMPONENTSCENTRIFUGAL PUMPS INTERNAL COMPONENTSCONT’D CONT’D
Different Types Of ImpellersDifferent Types Of Impellers
OPEN IMPELLEROPEN IMPELLER
SEMI-OPEN IMPELLERSEMI-OPEN IMPELLER
CLOSED IMPELLERCLOSED IMPELLER
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS INTERNAL COMPONENTSCENTRIFUGAL PUMPS INTERNAL COMPONENTSCONT’D CONT’D
Leakage along pump shaft cane be Leakage along pump shaft cane be minimized by minimized by PackingPacking and and Mechanical SealMechanical Seal. .
PackingPacking is used to minimize leakage along is used to minimize leakage along the shaft by filling the stuffing box but it the shaft by filling the stuffing box but it can’t prevent leakage by 100%.can’t prevent leakage by 100%.
Packing on shaft sleevePacking on shaft sleeve
Lantern ringLantern ring
Mechanical SealMechanical Seal is used when NO is used when NO leakage is required specially in hazard leakage is required specially in hazard cases mechanical seal shall be used.cases mechanical seal shall be used.
Cross section view of mechanical seal Cross section view of mechanical seal
Seat Seat Rotating Rotating face face
O ring O ring Grub Grub
screw screw
Peg Peg
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS INTERNAL CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS INTERNAL COMPONENTS CONT’DCOMPONENTS CONT’D
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS BEARING LUBRICATION CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS BEARING LUBRICATION
Proper Proper Bearing lubricationBearing lubrication is is important to prevent overheat, rust and important to prevent overheat, rust and corrosioncorrosion
OIL RING LUBRICATION OIL RING LUBRICATION
CONSTANT LEVEL OILER CONSTANT LEVEL OILER
Heat generation is a problem in Heat generation is a problem in centrifugal pump particularly in centrifugal pump particularly in pumps moving high temperature pumps moving high temperature fluids, excessive heat is most fluids, excessive heat is most damaging at bearing locations, damaging at bearing locations, water jackets are used here.water jackets are used here.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS STUFFING BOX & BEARING HOUSING CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS STUFFING BOX & BEARING HOUSING COOLINGCOOLING
Heat exchangerHeat exchanger
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS PERFORMANCE CURVESCENTRIFUGAL PUMPS PERFORMANCE CURVES
Vapor Pressure Vapor Pressure
Pressure Pressure
Vapor pressureVapor pressure is the pressure required to keep is the pressure required to keep a liquid in the liquid state.a liquid in the liquid state.
VAPOR PRESSURE, CAPITATION & NPSHVAPOR PRESSURE, CAPITATION & NPSH
CavitationCavitation occurs when a fluid's operational occurs when a fluid's operational pressure drops below it's vapor pressure pressure drops below it's vapor pressure causing gas pockets and bubbles to form and causing gas pockets and bubbles to form and collapse. collapse.
NPSHNPSH stands for stands for NNet et PPositive ositive SSuction uction HHead, and reflects the energy ead, and reflects the energy left in a fluid when the fluid is captured by the impeller and flung out to left in a fluid when the fluid is captured by the impeller and flung out to the casing. There are two expressions for NPSH: NPSHthe casing. There are two expressions for NPSH: NPSHAvailableAvailable and and
NPSHNPSHRequiredRequired
NPSHNPSHAvailableAvailable is a function of the system in which the pump operates. is a function of the system in which the pump operates.
NPSHNPSHRequiredRequired is a function of the pump design. is a function of the pump design.
NPSHNPSHavailavail = hs - h = hs - hvpavpa + h + hstst - h - hfsfs
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS CLASSIFICATIONCENTRIFUGAL PUMPS CLASSIFICATION
Centrifugal pumps can be classified according to:-Centrifugal pumps can be classified according to:-
Shaft PositionShaft PositionShaft PositionShaft Position
Bearing Bearing PositionPositionBearing Bearing PositionPosition
Type of Type of ImpellerImpellerType of Type of ImpellerImpeller
Number of Number of ImpellersImpellers
Number of Number of ImpellersImpellers
Volute Volute DesignDesignVolute Volute DesignDesign
Fluid Fluid FlowFlowFluid Fluid FlowFlow
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS CLASSIFICATIONCENTRIFUGAL PUMPS CLASSIFICATIONCONT’DCONT’D
Vertical pumpsVertical pumps
Horizontal pump Horizontal pump Vertical in-line pump Vertical in-line pump Vertical turbine pump Vertical turbine pump Sump pump Sump pump
Shaft PositionShaft Position
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS CLASSIFICATIONCENTRIFUGAL PUMPS CLASSIFICATIONCONT’DCONT’D
Between bearing pump Between bearing pump
Overhung pump Overhung pump
Bearing PositionBearing Position
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS CLASSIFICATIONCENTRIFUGAL PUMPS CLASSIFICATIONCONT’DCONT’D
Type Of ImpellerType Of Impeller
Multi stage pump Multi stage pump Single stage pump Single stage pump
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS CLASSIFICATIONCENTRIFUGAL PUMPS CLASSIFICATIONCONT’DCONT’D
Number Of ImpellersNumber Of Impellers
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS CLASSIFICATIONCENTRIFUGAL PUMPS CLASSIFICATIONCONT’DCONT’D
Volute DesignVolute Design
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS CLASSIFICATIONCENTRIFUGAL PUMPS CLASSIFICATIONCONT’DCONT’D
Fluid FlowFluid Flow
Axial Flow PumpAxial Flow Pump
Radial Flow Radial Flow
UNITED GAS DERIVATIVESUGD
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPSPOSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
Positive displacement pumpsPositive displacement pumps are used for:- are used for:-
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPSPOSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
Low volume applications.Low volume applications.
High pressures are required to move fluids.High pressures are required to move fluids.
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS OPERATING PRINCIPAL POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS OPERATING PRINCIPAL
A positive displacement pump has an A positive displacement pump has an expanding cavity on the suction side of the expanding cavity on the suction side of the pump and a decreasing cavity on the pump and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side. discharge side.
Liquid is allowed to flow into the pump as the Liquid is allowed to flow into the pump as the cavity on the suction side expands and the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid is forced out of the discharge as the liquid is forced out of the discharge as the cavity collapses. cavity collapses.
RECIPROCATING PUMPSRECIPROCATING PUMPS
Reciprocating pumpsReciprocating pumps types are :- types are :-
Piston PumpsPiston Pumps
Plunger PumpsPlunger Pumps
Diaphragm PumpsDiaphragm Pumps
Diaphragm pumpDiaphragm pump Piston pumpPiston pump
Plunger pumpPlunger pump
Safety relief valve Safety relief valve
Pulsation dampener Pulsation dampener
Chemical injection pumpsChemical injection pumps
Internal gear pumpsInternal gear pumps
External gear pumpExternal gear pump
External gear pumpExternal gear pump - - Fluid is carried Fluid is carried between gear teeth and is expelled by the between gear teeth and is expelled by the meshing of the gears which cooperate to meshing of the gears which cooperate to provide continuous sealing between the pump provide continuous sealing between the pump inlet and outlet.inlet and outlet.
Internal gear pumpInternal gear pump - - The outer gear The outer gear (rotor) drives the inner or idler gear on a (rotor) drives the inner or idler gear on a stationary pin. The gears create voids as they stationary pin. The gears create voids as they come out of mesh and liquid flows into the come out of mesh and liquid flows into the cavities. As the gears come back into mesh, cavities. As the gears come back into mesh, the volume is reduced and the liquid is forced. the volume is reduced and the liquid is forced.
Rotary PumpsRotary Pumps
Screw pumpScrew pump
Archimedes Screw Archimedes Screw
Progressive cavity pumpProgressive cavity pump
Screw pumpsScrew pumps
Screw pumps carry fluid in the spaces Screw pumps carry fluid in the spaces between the screw threads. The fluid is between the screw threads. The fluid is displaced axially as the screws mesh. displaced axially as the screws mesh.
Single screw pumps - are commonly called Single screw pumps - are commonly called progressive cavity pumps. They have a rotor progressive cavity pumps. They have a rotor with external threads and a stator with with external threads and a stator with internal threads. The rotor threads are internal threads. The rotor threads are eccentric to the axis of rotation. eccentric to the axis of rotation.
Multiple screw pumps - have multiple Multiple screw pumps - have multiple external screw threads. These pumps may external screw threads. These pumps may be timed or un-timed be timed or un-timed
Axial piston pumpAxial piston pump
Lobe pumpLobe pump
Radial piston pumpRadial piston pump
Lobe pumpsLobe pumps
Fluid is carried between rotor lobes which Fluid is carried between rotor lobes which cooperate to provide continuous sealing cooperate to provide continuous sealing between the pump inlet and outlet. between the pump inlet and outlet.
Piston pumpsPiston pumpsAxial piston pump - depends on Axial piston pump - depends on beveled “wobble” plate or equivalent beveled “wobble” plate or equivalent off-center linkage system to off-center linkage system to reciprocating pistons.reciprocating pistons.
Radial piston pump – depends on Radial piston pump – depends on eccentric stator (or rotor) to give eccentric stator (or rotor) to give reciprocating action.reciprocating action.