Pumpkin
-
Upload
dulminie-nanayakkara -
Category
Food
-
view
151 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Pumpkin
Introduction
• Pumpkin is a nutritious vegetable vine plant • Economically important part - Fruit• Largest fruit in the plant kingdom• warm-weather crop• Origin- Central America• Districts
AmparaAnuradhapuraMoneragala
Scientific Classification
• Kingdom Plantae• Division Magnoliophyta• Class Magnoliopsida• Order Cucurbitales• Family Cucurbitaceae• Genus Cucurbita• Species Cucurbita maxima(L)
Morphology
• Stem – Vine– Cylindrical– Green colour
• Roots – tap root system
• Leaves – lobed with 3 or 5 lobes
Cont’d• Flowers
– Monoecious – Bright yellow color– 5 petals– female flower has a little pumpkin at the bottom
• Fruit – spherical shape– thick peel– orange & green colour, containing pulp & seeds
Nutritional value (per 100 g)Energy 109kJ
Carbohydrate 6.5g
Sugar 2.76g
Dietary fiber 0.5g
Fat 0.1g
Protein 1g
Vitamin A ( beta-carotene) 3100ϻg
Vitamin C 9mg
Riboflavin (vit.B2) 0.11mg
Thiamine (vit.B1) 0.05mg
Niacin (vit.B3) 0.6mg
Vitamin E 0.44mg
Potassium 340mg
Phosphorus 44mg
Magnesium 12mg
Medicinal Value• anti-diabetic• antioxidant • anti-carcinogenic• Pain killer• Solution for bladder problems
Climatic Requirements
• Cultivated up to 500m AMSL• Temperature - 27˚C• ARF - 600-1000mm• Long day plant
Land Preparation
• Turn over the soil up to 20-30 cm depth • Moderately rough texture is important• Apply 5kg of decayed organic materials per pit and mixed with top soil
• Fill the pits with this texture up to 10 cm height• Seed Requirements - Seed 1kg/ha
Fertilizer Recommendation
• Fertilizer application (Kg/ha)
WAP- Weeks After Planting
Urea TSP MOP
Basal dressing 75 195 60
Top dressing 1 (4WAP)
75 - 60
Top dressing 2 (8WAP)
75 - 60
Irrigation
• Regular watering is important up to seed germination• After germination water should be applied once in 5-7 days
Weed Management
• Weeding should be done at three weeks after germination
• Hand weeding is most suitable• A mulch of straw can be used to prevent weed growth
Disease Management
1. Downey Mildew– Yellow colour, triangular shape spots appear on the leaves
– Leaves turn in to brown colour and get wrinkled– Ash colour spores are visible on lower parts of the leaves
Cont’d
2. Powdery Mildew– Fungal disease– Leaves become yellow in colour– White colour spores are visible on both sides of
the leavesControlDiscard host plants and weeds belongs to family cucurbitaceae
3. Soft rot (Phythium spp)– fungal disease– Rotting is visible on lower portion of the stem
and on the surface of the fruits
Control Avoid high moisture and relative humidity improve soil aeration use recommended fungicides
4. Mosaic Virus– Green and yellow colour spots are visible on
leaves– Leaves become curly and wrinkled– Also patches appear on the leaves
control Destroy infected plants Control vectors like white flies by insecticide
application
Pest management
• Cucumber beetles– Seedlings– Vine– Mature plant
• Gall fly– Female gall fly lay eggs on small pods
and the larvae feed on flesh of the fruit– Due to this damage the flower and pod
drop– Sometimes rotting of pods also occur
Harvesting
• Powdery appearance on the fruit is the best stage for harvesting
Ruhunu 40 days after floweringLocal Varieties 60 days after flowering