Pump-Up

• Think about the inventions that America has in the late 1800s. What inventions do you think will be created next? What changes do you think this will have on society?

Invention, Immigration, and Urbanization

Today’s Vocabulary • Melting Pot

– Different nationalities blending together to create a single culture.

• Gospel of Wealth– Belief that wealthy Americans should use their

fortunes to help others.

• Social Darwinism – Belief that those people and businesses that were

the “fittest” would survive.

Advances in Transportation

• Electric Trolleys

• Subways

• Automobiles

• Airplanes

• Elevator

Communication Revolution

• Telephone– Alexander Bell Graham

• Typewriter– Hired women to work as

secretaries.

Thomas Edison

• Menlo Park, New Jersey– Research lab– “Genius is 1% inspiration and

99% perspiration.”– Developed more than 1,000

patents.

• Phonograph

• Light Bulb

• Motion Picture

Old vs New ImmigrantsOld Immigrants

• Arrived before 1880– 10 million

• Came from Northern & Western Europe

• Were mainly Protestant

• Were culturally similar to the original American settlers

• Settled both in cities and in rural areas

New Immigrants• Arrived 1880-1910

– 18 million

• Came from Southern & Eastern Europe

• Were mainly Catholics, Jews, or Orthodox Christians

• Were often culturally different from the original American settlers

• Generally settled in cities

Ellis Island• Harsh traveling

conditions.

• Had to pass an inspection that could last up to 5 hours:– $30– Health examinations– Identification papers– Indicate whether they had

ever been in a prison or mental institution.

Angel Island• San Francisco Bay.

• Chinese immigrants could be detained for months.

• Faced prison-like conditions.

Immigrants• Melting Pot.

• Settled in crowded cities around others from their homeland.

• Could find only low-paying jobs.

• Nativists saw immigrants as a threat to the economy.

Chinese Exclusion Act

• Banned Chinese immigration for 10 years.

• No Chinese could become a citizen.

Gentlemen’s Agreement

• Japan agreed to prevent unskilled workers from immigrating to the U.S.

• In exchange, San Francisco stopped the practice of segregating Japanese schoolchildren.

Cities Change

• Skyscrapers allowed cities to build up instead of out.

• Frederick Law Olmsted– Built parks

The Wealthy• Made a point of

displaying their wealth.– Amusement parks– Spectator sports

• Women– Read instructive literature

that outlined proper behaviors.

The Middle Class

• Need for educated workers.– Doctors– Lawyers

• Women hired as secretaries, and typists.– Had time to participate in

reform movements.

The Working Class• As more people moved to

the cities in search of work, the growing population kept wages low.

• Dumbbell tenements – Within walking distance of

work.– No indoor plumbing.

• Sweatshops

• High crime.

Settlement Houses• Settlement houses

– Provided basic needs.– Taught skills and English.

• Jane Addams

How should wealth be used?

• Social Gospel of Wealth– Use wealth to promote good

works.

• Social Darwinism – Survival of the fittest.

• Didn’t see a need to help others.

Classwork• Today you will read an excerpt from How the

Other Half Lives to learn more about immigrant life in the tenement buildings. While reading, you will answer questions.

• Once you have completed the reading, you will write a diary entry about your life in the tenement buildings.

• Finally, you will create a poster to advocate for change within living conditions in the tenement buildings.

Reflection

• Describe living conditions in the cities during the early 20th century and how these conditions change.