PUMP LAYOUT & PIPING

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PUMP LAYOUT & PIPING


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What is a pump?

Why is it required in Process unit?

Where is it located?

How is it connected with piping?


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What is a pump?

A pump is a physical device that is used to

deliver fluids from one location to another

through conduits / to increase the pressure

energy of a fluids.


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Major Classification of Pumps:

Positive Displacement Pumps: Reciporating Pumps

Rotary Pumps ( positive displacement with Circular

motion)

Rotodynamic / dynamic pressure

pumps: Centrifugal pumps ( Radial type)

Axial pumps


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Why is it required in Process unit?

The basic requirements to define the

application are suction and delivery

pressures, pressure loss in transmission,

and the flow rate.


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Pump designs have largely been

standardized. Based on application

experience, numerous standards have

come into existence and are updated andrevised as per new requirements.

Common pump standards are:


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American Petroleum Institute (API)

Standard 610, Centrifugal Pumps for

Refinery Service

American Waterworks Association

(AWWA) E101, Deep Well Vertical Turbine

Pumps

National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA)

NFPA-20 Centrifugal Fire Pumps


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API 610

The standard covers the minimum requirements

for Centrifugal pumps for petroleum , Heavy duty

Chemical, and Gas industry services. The pump types covered by this standard can be

broadly classified as

Overhung Between bearings

And vertical suspended


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Basic Design :

The equipment including auxiliaries covered bythis standard shall be designed and constructed

for a minimum service life of 20 years and atleast 3 years of uninterrupted operation.

Pumps shall be designed for satisfactoryperformance when subject to the forces and

moments. Two effects of nozzle loads areconsidered, distortion of the pump casing andmisalignment of the pump and driver shafts


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The suction and discharge nozzles are part of thecasings itself. They commonly have the followingconfigurations.

1. End suction/Top discharge- The suction nozzle is

located at the end of, and concentric to, the shaft whilethe discharge nozzle is located at the top of the caseperpendicular to the shaft. This pump is always of anoverhung type.

2. Top suction Top discharge nozzle -The suction and

discharge nozzles are located at the top of the caseperpendicular to the shaft. This pump can either be anoverhung type or between-bearing type.


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END SUCTION TOP DISCHARGE


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TOP SUCTION TOP DISCHARGE


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3. Side suction Side discharge nozzles -

The suction and discharge nozzles are

located at the sides of the case

perpendicular to the shaft.

4. Side suction Top discharge nozzles -

The suction nozzle is located at the side &

discharge nozzle at the top of the caseperpendicular to the shaft.


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SIDE SUCTION TOP DISCHARGE


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END SUCTION TOP DISCHARGE


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Performance:

Centrifugal pump performance is

controlled primarily by two variables:

suction conditions and total system

pressure or head requirements


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Typical system and pump

performance curves


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NPSH

When discussing centrifugal pumps, the two most important headterms are NPSHr and NPSHa.

Net Positive Suction Head Required, NPSHr

NPSH is one of the most widely used and least understood termsassociated with pumps. Understanding the significance of NPSH isvery much essential during installation as well as operation of thepumps.

Pumps c an pump only l iqu ids, not vapors

The satisfactory operation of a pump requires that vaporization of theliquid being pumped does not occur at any condition of operation.This is so desired because when a liquid vaporizes its volumeincreases very much. For example, 1 CuM. of water at roomtemperature becomes 60034 CuM. of vapor at the sametemperature. This makes it clear that if we are to pump a fluid

effectively, it must be kept always in the liquid form.


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Rise in temperature and fal l in pressu re induces

vaporizat ion

The vaporization begins when the vapor pressure of the

liquid at the operating temperature equals the externalsystem pressure, which, in an open system is alwaysequal to atmospheric pressure. Any decrease inexternal pressure or rise in operating temperature caninduce vaporization and the pump stops pumping. Thus,

the pump always needs to have a sufficient amount ofsuction head present to prevent this vaporization at thelowest pressure point in the pump


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NPSH as a measu re to p revent l iqu id

vaporizat ion

The manufacturer usually tests the pump withwater at different capacities, created by throttlingthe suction side. When the first signs ofvaporization induced cavitation occur. This

pressure is converted into the head. This headnumber is published on the pump curve and isreferred as the "net positive suction headrequired (NPSHr) or sometimes in short as the

NPSH. Thus the Net Positive Suction Head(NPSH) is the total head at the suction flangeof the pump less the vapor pressure.


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NPSHr is a funct ion o f pum p design

NPSH required is a function of the pump designand is determined based on actual pump test bythe vendor. As the liquid passes from the pumpsuction to the eye of the impeller, the velocityincreases and the pressure decreases. Thereare also pressure losses due to shock and

turbulence as the liquid strikes the impeller. Thecentrifugal force of the impeller vanes furtherincreases the velocity and decreases thepressure of the liquid. The NPSH required is thepositive head in feet absolute required at the

pump suction to overcome these pressure dropsin the pump and maintain the majority of theliquid above its vapor pressure.


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NPSHa is a funct ion o f sys tem design

Net Positive Suction Head Available is afunction of the system in which the pump

operates. It is the excess pressure of theliquid in feet absolute over its vaporpressure as it arrives at the pump suction,to be sure that the pump selected does notcavitate. It is calculated based on systemor process conditions.

NPSHa calcu lation


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NPSHa calcu lation

The formula for calculating the

NPSHa :


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TYPICAL PUMP LAYOUT


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PL 003 GUIDELINES


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GE-GAP GUIDELINES


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INTRODUCTION TO PUMP PIPING LAYOUT PLANT LAYOUT AND PIPING TEAM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR

DEVELOPING COMPREHENSIVE,SAFE DESIGN OF PIPINGLAYOUT.

THIS INCLUDES MEETING DIFFERENT CODES,MANUFACTURER

AND/OR CLIENT REQUIREMENTS FOR ALLOWABLE PUMP

NOZZLE LOADS,STRESS ALLOWABLES FOR THE PIPING

SYSTEM ETC.

SUPPORT OF THE PIPING SYSTEM MUST BE GIVEN CAREFULCONSIDERATION DURING LAYOUT.THIS IS A JOINT EFFORT OF

PIPING DESIGNER AND PIPE STRESS ENGINEER.

CARE TO BE TAKEN TO PROVIDE PROPER ACCESS TO PUMPS

FOR OPERATION /MAINTANANCE REQUIREMENTS.

SAFETY ASPECTS TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE DECIDING PIPINGLAYOUT, LIKE LOCATION OF VALVES,AUXILIARY PIPING ETC.


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DIFFERENT PIPING LAYOUTS BASED ON

DIFFERENT TYPES OF PUMPS.

A) END SUCTION / TOP DISCHARGE PUMPSPIPING

NO PLATFORM RQUIREMENT FOR SUCTION PIPING.

STRAINER LOCATED AT GRADE EASY FOR MAINTANANCE.

SUCTION VALVES ARE ACCESSIBLE.

DISCHARGE PIPING TAKEN TO GRADE FOR MAKING VALVES

ACCESSIBLE AND EASY SUPPORTING.

CARE TO BE TAKEN WHILE ROUTING DISCHARGE LINE NOT TOBLOCK ACCESS TO COUPLINGS.


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413-P07A/B/C


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413-P07A/B/C


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471-P02A/B


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471-P02A/B


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BENZENE COLUMN BOTOM PUMPS


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B) TOP SUCTION TOP DISCHARGE PUMPS.

SUCTION LINES AT HIGHER ELEVATION , SO PLATFORMS AREREQUIRED FOR VALVE ACCESS AND STRAINER MAINTANANCE.

PLATFORM STRUCTURE SHALL NOT INTERFERE WITH ACCESIBILITY

/ MAINTANABILITY OF PUMPS.

DISCHARGE LINE TAKEN TO GRADE FOR VALVE ACCESSIBILITY AND

EASY SUPPORTING.

INTERDISTANCE BETWEEN PUMPS WILL BE MORE TO

ACCOMMODATE THE PLATFORM STRUCTURE.


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413-P03A/B/C


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413-P04A/B/C


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XYLENE COLUMN BOTTOM PUMPS


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C) SIDE SUCTION - SIDE DISCHARGE PUMPS

OCCUPY MORE SPACE BETWEEN PUMPS.

EASY SUPPORTING ,ACCESSIBILITY AND MAINTANABILITY.

CARE TO BE TAKEN NOT TO BLOCK ACCESS TO COUPLING ETC.

ANY REQUIREMENT OF STRAIGHT RUN TO BE VARIFIED BEFORE

FINALISING THE LAYOUT.

414 P19A/B/C


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414-P19A/B/C

414 P19A/B/C


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414-P19A/B/C


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C12 PRODUCT FRACTIONATOR BOTTOM PUMP



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VERTICAL PUMPS


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413-P24A/B

413 P24A/B


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413-P24A/B


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RECIPROCATING PUMPS

414 P18A/B RECIPROCATING PUMP


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414-P18A/B RECIPROCATING PUMP

414 P18A/B


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414-P18A/B

TANK FARM PUMPS GENERAL LAYOUT


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TANK FARM PUMPS GENERAL LAYOUT

TANK FARM - VR PUMPS


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TANK FARM - VR PUMPS

TANK FARM RFG TRANSFER PUMPS


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TANK FARM RFG TRANSFER PUMPS


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413-P04 HCO CIRCULATION SUPPORTS

414 P19A/B/C SUPPORTS


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414-P19A/B/C SUPPORTS


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414-P13A/B/C SUPPORTS SUCTION SIDE


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PUMP LAYOUT & PIPING

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