PUFF EXPERT SYSTEMPUFF EXPERT SYSTEM

Junaid Khan

Department of Computer Science University of Peshawar Pakistan

Junaid_upesh@yahoo.com

Presented by

EXPERT SYSTEMEXPERT SYSTEM Expert system is a software which Expert system is a software which attempt to provide answer to a problem.attempt to provide answer to a problem.

MAIN COMPONENTS:MAIN COMPONENTS: Knowledge baseKnowledge base Inference engineInference engine User interfaceUser interface

Knowledge base

Inferenceengine

Userinterface

User

Types of expert system:Types of expert system: DendralDendral MycinMycin ProspectorProspector EmycinEmycin PuffPuff

“ “PUFF EXPERT SYSTEM”PUFF EXPERT SYSTEM”

HISTORY OF PUFF EXPERT HISTORY OF PUFF EXPERT SYSTEMSYSTEM

PUFF developed from work done on PUFF developed from work done on the MYCIN system.the MYCIN system.

It was developed by Janice Akins, It was developed by Janice Akins, John kunz, Ted Shortliffee, Robert John kunz, Ted Shortliffee, Robert Fallat.Fallat.

It was developed at Stanford It was developed at Stanford university and Pacific Presbyterian university and Pacific Presbyterian medical centre.medical centre.

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PUFF was initially built using a PUFF was initially built using a generalization of the MYCIN system generalization of the MYCIN system called EMYCIN.called EMYCIN.

That program used a knowledge That program used a knowledge base of production rules to perform base of production rules to perform infectious disease consultations. infectious disease consultations.

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EMYCIN, or lBEssentiai MYCIN EMYCIN, or lBEssentiai MYCIN consists of the domain-independent consists of the domain-independent features of MYCIN which arefeatures of MYCIN which are

1.1. The rule interpreterThe rule interpreter

2.2. ExplanationExplanation

3.3. Knowledge acquisition modulesKnowledge acquisition modules

Continued………..Continued………..

PUFF was probably the first AI system PUFF was probably the first AI system to have been used in clinical practice. to have been used in clinical practice.

PUFF was initially developed on the PUFF was initially developed on the SUMEX computer, a large research SUMEX computer, a large research machine at Stanford University.machine at Stanford University.

This version of puff expert system is This version of puff expert system is calledcalled

SUMEX version.SUMEX version.

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It was later rewritten in a production It was later rewritten in a production version to run on the hospital own version to run on the hospital own mini-computer. mini-computer.

This version is called production This version is called production version of puff expert system.version of puff expert system.

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EMYCIN (and hence the EMYCIN version EMYCIN (and hence the EMYCIN version of PUFF) is written in INTERLISP 173 and of PUFF) is written in INTERLISP 173 and runs on a DEC Ki-10 at the Stanford runs on a DEC Ki-10 at the Stanford SUMEX-AIM computer facility.SUMEX-AIM computer facility.

In order to run PUFF on a POP-1 1 at In order to run PUFF on a POP-1 1 at Pacific Medical Center, a second version Pacific Medical Center, a second version of the program was created after the of the program was created after the EMYCIN version had been refined. EMYCIN version had been refined.

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   The POP-1 1 version is now routinely The POP-1 1 version is now routinely used in the pulmonary function used in the pulmonary function laboratory and provides lung test laboratory and provides lung test interpretations for about ten patients interpretations for about ten patients daily. daily.

Approximately 85% of the reports Approximately 85% of the reports generated are accepted without generated are accepted without modifications. modifications.

WHAT IS LUNGWHAT IS LUNG

Respiratory organRespiratory organ Consists of two box shapes connected Consists of two box shapes connected

through a single opening called through a single opening called tracheae.tracheae.

Lungs are elastic and spongy due to Lungs are elastic and spongy due to the presence of alvolie.the presence of alvolie.

Lungs of an ordinary man can Lungs of an ordinary man can accommodate air up to 500 ml.accommodate air up to 500 ml.

FUNCTION OF LUNGSFUNCTION OF LUNGS

DiaphrameDiaphrame

A membrane present in chest A membrane present in chest cavity cavity

which cover the lungs externally.which cover the lungs externally. Exchange of gases in blood.Exchange of gases in blood.

SOME LUNG DISEASESSOME LUNG DISEASES

LUNG CANCERLUNG CANCER TB (Tuberculosis)TB (Tuberculosis) ASTHMAASTHMA

WHAT IS PUFF WHAT IS PUFF

PUFF can diagnose the presence and PUFF can diagnose the presence and severity of lung disease and produce severity of lung disease and produce reports for the patient's file. reports for the patient's file.

PUFF was the first system developed PUFF was the first system developed using EMYCIN . It included the using EMYCIN . It included the domain independent features of domain independent features of MYCIN which areMYCIN which are

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Rule interpreter Rule interpreter Explanation Explanation Knowledge acquisition Knowledge acquisition

EXAMPLE OF EXPLANATIONEXAMPLE OF EXPLANATION

The end-user usually sees an expert The end-user usually sees an expert system through an interactive system through an interactive dialogue, an example of which follows:dialogue, an example of which follows:– Q. Do you know which restaurant you Q. Do you know which restaurant you

want to go to? want to go to? – A. No A. No – Q. Is there any kind of food you would Q. Is there any kind of food you would

particularly like? particularly like? – A. No A. No

– Q. Do you like spicy food? Q. Do you like spicy food? – A. No A. No – Q. Do you usually drink wine with Q. Do you usually drink wine with

meals? meals? – A. Yes A. Yes – Q. When you drink wine, is it French Q. When you drink wine, is it French

wine? wine? – A. Yes A. Yes

As can be seen from this As can be seen from this dialogdialog, the , the system is leading the user through a system is leading the user through a set of set of questionsquestions, the purpose of , the purpose of which is to determine a suitable set which is to determine a suitable set of restaurants to recommend. of restaurants to recommend.

Another major distinction between Another major distinction between expert systems and traditional expert systems and traditional systems is illustrated by the following systems is illustrated by the following answer given by the system when answer given by the system when the user answers a question with the user answers a question with another question, "Why", as occurred another question, "Why", as occurred in the above example. The answer is:in the above example. The answer is:

– A. I am trying to determine the type of A. I am trying to determine the type of restaurant to suggest. So far Chinese is restaurant to suggest. So far Chinese is not a likely choice. It is possible that not a likely choice. It is possible that French is a likely choice. I know that if French is a likely choice. I know that if the diner is a wine drinker, and the the diner is a wine drinker, and the preferred wine is French, then there is preferred wine is French, then there is strong evidence that the restaurant strong evidence that the restaurant choice should include French.choice should include French.

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As we know that puff expert system As we know that puff expert system has developed by using EMYCIN.has developed by using EMYCIN.

Where EMYCIN is the sub system of Where EMYCIN is the sub system of MYCIN.MYCIN.

This expert system uses backward This expert system uses backward chaining.chaining.

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Puff expert system consists of Puff expert system consists of production rules.production rules.

Productions rules are if then rules.Productions rules are if then rules. Production rules:Production rules:

R1: if (ungrasping off (not window)) R1: if (ungrasping off (not window)) then push-right.then push-right.

R2: if (ungrasping on (not window)) R2: if (ungrasping on (not window)) then climb-down.then climb-down.

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R3: if (grasping * (not window)) then R3: if (grasping * (not window)) then ungrasp.ungrasp.

R4: if (ungrasping off window) then R4: if (ungrasping off window) then climb-up.climb-up.

R5: if (ungrasing on window) then R5: if (ungrasing on window) then grasp.grasp.

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R6: if (grasping off *) then ungrasp.R6: if (grasping off *) then ungrasp.

R7: if (grasping on window) then R7: if (grasping on window) then STOP.STOP.

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Initially puff expert system was used Initially puff expert system was used in lung function laboratory at Pacific in lung function laboratory at Pacific medical centre in San Francisco.medical centre in San Francisco.

This laboratory includes equipments This laboratory includes equipments designed to measure designed to measure

1.1. the volume of lungthe volume of lung

2.2. the ability of patient to move air into the ability of patient to move air into and out of the lungand out of the lung

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33. . The ability of lung to get oxygen into The ability of lung to get oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out.the blood and carbon dioxide out.

The pulmonary physiologist then The pulmonary physiologist then interprets these measurements in interprets these measurements in order to determine the presence of order to determine the presence of lung disease in the patient.lung disease in the patient.

FIGUREFIGURE

continued………continued………

Just as MYCIN consists of EMYCIN Just as MYCIN consists of EMYCIN plus a set of facts and rules about plus a set of facts and rules about the diagnosis and therapy of the diagnosis and therapy of infectious diseases.infectious diseases.

PUFF is consisted of the EMYCIN PUFF is consisted of the EMYCIN programs plus a lung disease programs plus a lung disease knowledge base.knowledge base.

THE ENDTHE END

REFERENCES:REFERENCES:These information's about puff expert system are taken from These information's about puff expert system are taken from

the following sites.the following sites. www.answer.comwww.answer.com w.computing.surrey.ac.uk/ai/PROFILE/mycin.htmlw.computing.surrey.ac.uk/ai/PROFILE/mycin.html www.cs.colostate.edu/~home/EMAI/ch3/node5.htmlwww.cs.colostate.edu/~home/EMAI/ch3/node5.html http://aaai.org/AITopics/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/AITopics/RuleBahttp://aaai.org/AITopics/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/AITopics/RuleBa

sedExpertSystemssedExpertSystems

MESSAGE MESSAGE

Shakespeare saidShakespeare said

““Laughing faces do not mean that Laughing faces do not mean that there is absence of sorrowthere is absence of sorrow

But it means they have the ability to But it means they have the ability to deal with it”.deal with it”.