Puc iu
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MIT Nguyễn Hữu PhátKent International College
80 hours
ADP1 - Advanced Diploma of Information Technology
In this chapter, you will learn about:
What electronic commerce is and how it is poised for a second wave of growth and profitability
Why business models have given way to revenue models and the analysis of business processes as key elements of electronic commerce initiatives
How economic forces have created a business environment that is fostering a rebirth of electronic commerce How businesses use value chains to identify electronic commerce opportunities
How businesses use SWOT analysis to analyze and evaluate business opportunities
Why electronic commerce is international by its very nature and what challenges arise in doing global electronic commerce
Electronic commerce (e-commerce)
› Businesses trading with other businesses and internal processes
Electronic business (e-business)
› Term used interchangeably with e-commerce
› The transformation of key business processes through the use of Internet technologies
Five general e-commerce categories› Business-to-Consumer (B2C)› Business-to-Business (B2B)› Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)› Business-to-Government (B2G)› Consumer-to-Government (C2G)
Supply management or procurement› Departments devoted to negotiating purchase
transactions with suppliers
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Model B2B estore : Alibaba/ www.golmart.vn Model B2B Sàn giao dịch : Vinametal.com Model B2B đấu giá: chodientu.vn Model B2B Sale : saleoff.com.vn Model B2C & C2C auction : Ebay/ Chodientu Model so sánh giá : Aha.vn, Vatgia.com Model b2C & C2C estore : Vatgia.com Model C2C rao vặt : 5giay/ Rong bay/ Muare/
Enbac, muabannhadat.com Model B2C sale ; Amazon, Ban , 25h.vn,
Megabuy.vn, Thegioididong.vn
Transaction › An exchange of value
Business processes› The group of logical, related, and sequential
activities and transactions in which businesses engage
Telecommuting or telework› Employee logs in to company computer through
Internet instead of traveling to office
M-Commerce vs E-Commerce
“Any time, any where” vs “All time”Mobile Commerce, also known as M-Commerce or mCommerce, is the ability to conduct commerce using a mobile device, such as a mobile phone, a Personal digital assistantPDA, a smartphone, or other emerging mobile equipment such as dashtop mobile devices
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E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 14
Electronic funds (money) transfers (EFTs)› Also called wire transfers› Electronic transmissions of
account exchange information over private communications networks
Electronic data interchange (EDI) › Transmitting computer-
readable data in a standard format to another business
Trading partners
› Businesses that engage in EDI with each other
Value-added network (VAN)
› Independent firm
› Offers connection and transaction-forwarding services to buyers and sellers engaged in EDI
1970s Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)
Tiền được gửi đi theo 1 lộ trình điện tử từcông ty này sang công ty khác.
Kỹ thuật dùng để chuyển các loại tài liệuđiện tử theo 1 lộ trình nhất định. Sau nàydùng để chuyển các giao dịch tài chính vàcác loại giao dịch khác.
Hệ thống đặt chỗ (du lịch)
Hệ thống mua bán
chứng khoánInternet
Electronic Commerce (EC)
1990s
B2C
B2B
B2E c-commerce e-government
e-learningm-mobile
1995
1999
2001
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Defining characteristics of first wave
› Dominant influence of U.S. businesses
› Extensive use of the English language
› Low bandwidth data transmission technologies
› Unstructured use of e-mail
› Overreliance on advertising as a revenue source
E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 19
As second wave begins
› Future of electronic commerce will be international in scope
› Language translation and handling currency conversion problem will need to be solved
› E-mail will be used as an integral part of marketing and customer contact strategies
Business model› A set of processes that
combine to yield a profit
Revenue model› Used to Identify customers Market to those customers Generate sales to those
customers
Merchandising› Combination of store design, layout, and product display
knowledge Commodity item
› Hard to distinguish from the same products or services provided by other sellers
› Features have become standardized and well known
Shipping profile
› Collection of attributes that affect how easily a product can be packaged and delivered
High value-to-weight ratio
› Can make overall shipping cost a small fraction of the selling price
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Can increase sales and decrease costs
If advertising done well on the Web› Can get a firm’s promotional
message out to potential customers in every country
Using e-commerce sales support and order-taking processes, a business can› Reduce costs of handling
sales inquiries› Provide price quotes
Increases purchasing opportunities for buyer
Negotiating price and delivery terms is easier
The following cost less to issue and arrive securely and quickly› Electronic payments of tax
refunds
› Public retirement
› Welfare support
Perishable grocery products are much harder to sell online
Difficult to› Calculate return-on-
investment
› Integrate existing databases and transaction-processing software into software that enables e-commerce
Cultural and legal obstacles also exist
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E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 27
Các ứng dụng kinh doanh trên Internet được chia là 4 mức độkhác nhau:› Brochureware: Quảng cáo trên
Internet. Đưa thông tin lên mạng dưới một website giới thiệu công ty, sản phẩm... Hầu hết các ứng dụng trên Internet ở Việt Nam đều ở dạng này.
› eCommerce: Thương mại điện tử. Là các ứng dụng cho phép trao đổi giữa người mua và người bán, hỗ trợ khách hàng và quản lý cơ sở dữ liệu khách hàng hoàn toàn trên mạng. Đây là hình thức giao dịch giữa người bán và người mua (Business To Customer hay viết tắt là B2C).
• eBusiness: Kinh doanh điện tử. Là ứng dụng cho phép thực hiện giao dịch giữa doanh nghiệp này với doanh nghiệp khác và khách hàng của doanh nghiệp đó (Business To Business hay viết tắt là B2B). B2B bao gồm các ứng dụng như thị trường ảo, quản lý quan hệ khách hàng...
• eEnterprise: Doanh nghiệp điện tử. Một số doanh nghiệp ứng dụng cả B2C và B2B. Các doanh nghiệp nay được gọi là eEnterprise.
Economics
› Study of how people allocate scarce resources
Two conditions of a market
› Potential sellers of a good come into contact with potential buyers
› A medium of exchange is available
Total costs that a buyer and seller incur
Significant components of transaction costs
› Cost of information search and acquisition
› Investment of seller in equipment or in the hiring of skilled employees to supply product or service to buyer
Businesses and individuals
› Can use electronic commerce to reduce transaction costs by
Improving flow of information
Increasing coordination of actions
Network economic structure
› Companies coordinate their strategies, resources, and skill sets
Strategic alliances (strategic partnerships)
› Relationships created within the network economic structure
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Virtual companies
› Strategic alliances that occur between or among companies operating on the Internet
Strategic partners
› Come together as a team for a specific project or activity
Law of diminishing returns
› Most activities yield less value as the amount of consumption increases
Network effect
› As more people or organizations participate in a network
Value of network to each participant increases
Strategic business unit› One particular combination of
product, distribution channel, and customer type
Firm› Multiple business units owned
by a common set of shareholders
Industry› Multiple firms that sell similar
products to similar customers
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Value chain› A way of organizing the
activities that each strategic business unit undertakes
Primary activities› Design, produce, promote,
market, deliver, and support the products or services it sells
Supporting activities› Human resource
management and purchasing
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E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 42
Value system
› Larger stream of activities into which a particular business unit’s value chain is embedded
› Also referred to as industry value chain
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E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 44
SWOT analysis
› Analyst first looks into the business unit to identify its strengths and weaknesses
› Analyst then reviews operating environment and identifies opportunities and threats
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E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 46
E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 47
Companies with established reputations › Often create trust by ensuring that customers
know who they are› Can rely on their established brand names to
create trust on the Web
Customers’ inherent lack of trust in “strangers” on the Web› Logical and to be expected
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E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 49
To do business effectively in other cultures› Must adapt to culture
Researchers have found that › Customers are more likely to buy products and
services from Web sites in their own language
Localization› Translation that considers multiple elements of local
environment
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E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 51
Important element of business trust
› Anticipate how the other party to a transaction will act in specific circumstances
Culture
› Combination of language and customs
› Varies across national boundaries
› Varies across regions within nations
Internet infrastructure includes › Computers and software
connected to Internet › Communications networks over
which message packets travel Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development’s (OECD)› Statements on Information and
Communications Policy Deal with telecommunications
infrastructure development issues
Flat-rate access system
› Consumer or business pays one monthly fee for unlimited telephone line usage
› Contributed to rapid rise of U.S. electronic commerce
Targets for technological solutions
› Paperwork and processes that accompany international transactions
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› Năm 2007: Tổng doanh thu: Gần 15 tỷ USD Lợi nhuận trước thuế: 476 triệu USD
› Năm 2008: Tổng doanh thu: Hơn 19 tỷ USD Lợi nhuận trước thuế: 645 triệu USD
› Năm 2007: Tổng doanh thu: Khoảng 7,6 tỷ USD Lợi nhuận trước thuế: 384 triệu USD
› Năm 2008: Tổng doanh thu: Hơn 8,54 tỷ USD Lợi nhuận trước thuế: Gần 1,78 tỷ USD
› Năm 2007: Tổng doanh thu: Gần 2,2 tỷ Nhân dân tệ Lợi nhuận trước thuế: 1,15 tỷ Nhân dân tệ
› Năm 2008: Tổng doanh thu: Hơn 3 tỷ Nhân dân tệ Lợi nhuận trước thuế: 1,4 tỷ Nhân dân tệ
› Năm 2007 : Giao dịch cả thị trường : 12.5 triệu USD (~200 tỷ VND) › Năm 2008 : Giao dịch cả thị trường : 37.5 triệu USD (~600 tỷ VND)
123mua.com.vn : 9.3 triệu USD (~150 tỷ VND) chodientu.com.vn : 9.3 triệu USD (~150 tỷ VND)
› 25% dân số truy cập Internet › Thị trường bán lẻ 65% tìm thông tin trước khi mua sắm 27% mua sắm có ảnh hưởng của Internet
› Báo cáo TMĐT Việt Nam 2008 (Bộ Công Thương) 88% DN cho phép nhận đơn hàng bằng phương tiện
điện tử 45% DN có website 35% DN có doanh thu trên 15% nhờ TMĐT
Commerce› Negotiated exchange of goods or services
Electronic commerce› Application of new technologies to conduct
business more effectively First wave of electronic commerce
› Ended in 2000 Second wave of electronic commerce
› New approaches to integrating Internet technologies into business processes
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Using electronic commerce, businesses have› Created new products and services› Improved promotion, marketing, and delivery of
existing offerings Global nature of electronic commerce
› Leads to many opportunities and few challenges To conduct electronic commerce across
international borders› You must understand the trust, cultural, and
language legal issues
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