Public PhD Defense Vivian Motti
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Vivian Genaro Mo,
École Polytechnique de Louvain Université catholique de Louvain
Louvain-‐la-‐Neuve, Belgium vivian.genaromo>@uclouvain.be
TriPlet: A Conceptual Framework for Mul<dimensional Adapta<on of User
Interfaces to the Context of Use
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Place des Doyens, 1 – B-‐1348 Louvain-‐la-‐Neuve, Belgium hPp://www.lilab.be, hPp://www.lilab.eu, hPp://www.lilab.info
Louvain Interac<on Laboratory (LILab)
Louvain-la-Neuve, December 10th, 2013
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§ IntroducBon § ContextualizaBon § MoBvaBon § DefiniBons
§ TriPlet § Goals § Methodology § Outcomes
§ ValidaBon § Case Studies
§ Final Remarks
PresentaBon Outline
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ContextualizaBon § InteracBve systems tend to consider convenBonal
contexts of use § Able-‐bodied user § Stable environment § Desktop PC
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ContextualizaBon § The interacBon currently occurs in non-‐convenBonal
contexts
§ Heterogeneity of § Users § PlaUorms § Environments
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Contexts
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Contexts
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ContextualizaBon
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§ Users § Heterogeneous group § PlasBc user interfaces
§ Technology § Fragmented device market
§ Environment § Variety of contexts
§ Stakeholders § Only limited support
MoBvaBons
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§ Stakeholders § Limited coverage of context
MoBvaBons
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§ Context § Any informaBon that is relevant for adapBng the
system to the scenario of the user [Abo99], [Dey00]
§ Adapta<on § Modifying applicaBon aspects [Bro86], [Thi94],
[Bru96], [Lor00] § Goal
§ higher usability and accessibility levels § be^er user experiences
§ Context-‐aware Adapta<on
DefiniBons
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Scope § Target Audience
§ UI designers and developers
§ Focus § InteracBve InformaBon Systems § ValidaBon mainly on web apps and GUI’s
§ SDLC coverage
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13
Methodology
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Methodology
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Methodology
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Methodology
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Methodology
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State-‐of-‐the-‐Art
Applied Perspective • Application Domains • System Aspects • Context Information
Support Perspective • Meta-models • Frameworks • Design Spaces
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State-‐of-‐the-‐Art
Applied Perspective • Application Domains • System Aspects • Context Information
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§ Applica<on Domains § Any interacBve
system § E-‐health
[Rev00], [Bar05],
§ idTV [Yha12] § Safety CriBcal
[Aca04]
§ System Aspects [Bru01] § PresentaBon
[Lum02] § NavigaBon
[Bru94], [Jan07]
§ Content
§ Context Informa<on § User § PlaUorm § Environment
Applied PerspecBve
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§ E-‐health, e-‐commerce, e-‐government, safety criBcal
ApplicaBon Domain
[Smi02]
[Bru02]
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§ Naviga<on, Presenta<on, Content
System Aspects
Adaptive hypermedia technologies
Adaptive presentation
Adaptive multimedia presentation
Adaptive text presentation
Natural language
adaptation
Canned text adaptation
Inserting/removing fragments
Altering fragments
Stretchtext
Sorting fragments
Dimming fragments
Adaptation of modality
Adaptive navigation support
Direct guidance
Adaptive link sorting
Adaptive link hiding
Hiding
Disabling
Removal Adaptive link annotation
Adaptive link generation
Map adaptation
[Bru01]
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§ User
Context InformaBon
[Dir09]
[Gue11]
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§ Pla[orm
Context InformaBon
[Sch12]
[Neb11]
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§ Pla[orm
Context InformaBon
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§ Environment
Context InformaBon
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§ Environment
Context InformaBon
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Dimension Category Properties Classes Scenario
User Profile Age Children Teenager Adult Elderly
If the users are elderly, the targets must be larger, and drag and pinch gestures must be preferred [Kob11]
Attention Level
Distracted Regular Concentrated
If the user is distracted, then motion gestures may be preferred as the input modality [Neg12]
Interaction History
Often Regular Rare
If the menu items have a often access, they must be easily accessed [Gaj06]
Disabilities Cognitive Dyslexia Autism
If the user is dyslexic, the font size must be adapted [Dir09]
Visual Blind Color-blind
If user is blind, then haptic feedback must guide touch-based interactions [Gon11]
Domain Expertize Level
Numeracy Poor Medium High
If the user has poor numeracy, simplify the numerical information [Bau11]
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Dimension Category Properties Classes Scenario
Platform Device Network Bandwidth
Bits per second
If there are rate constraints in the network bandwidth, then remove channels or quality layers of the audio [Fei05]
Type Mobile Phone If mobile phones, then the UI must support multiple interaction methods (focus-based, pointer-based and touch-based) [W3C10]
Screen Large Screen Wall Display Vertically Curved
If large screen, then optimize the use of screen space and reduce the scrolling [Neb11]
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Dimension Category Properties Classes Scenario
Environment Environmental Factors
Temperature Cold Warm Hot
If temperature is cold, then display advertisements appropriate for winter [Hea12]
Noise Level Loud Moderate Silent
If noise level is loud, then replace audio content per text [Fei05]
Period Date Day Month Year
If commemorative date, then replace logo image [Doo12]
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State-‐of-‐the-‐Art
Support Perspective • Meta-models • Frameworks • Design Spaces
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Meta-‐Models
UsiXML [Luy11]
[Gan07]
K-Model[Fah05]
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Meta-‐Models
[Lóp09] [Far07] [Mor12]
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Meta Models
Louvain-la-Neuve, September 23rd, 2013 Published in RCIS’2013 [Mot13]
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Frameworks
[W3C03]
[Fis12]
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Frameworks
[Pre09]
[Bar05]
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Frameworks
User
Platform Environment
CaFT, W3C, PersonisAD,
ACAMD, CAWE, MIMOSA,
CAAUIG, CF, FAME, LCAAF,
FMIA
CFAWS AEHS
PUC ROAM
LF
FAHD FAÇADE SUPPLE
XIF
Presentation
Navigation
Content
W3C, AEHS, FAÇADE, ACAMD, CAWE, MIMOSA,
CAAUIG, CF, LCAAF
PUC XIF LF
CFAWS
SUPPLE ROAM FAME
FAHD PersonisAD
CaFT JCAF
JCAF
FMIA
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Context Information Support Application Aspects
User Plat. Env. Type Pres. Nav. Content
W3C[W3C03] + ++ + Meta arch. ++ + +
ACAMD [Jan07] + +++ + IDE, Arch. ++ ++ +++
CAWE [Ard08] +++ ++ + Framework,
Arch, Logic ++ ++ +
MIMOSA [Mal10] ++ +++ + Arch.,
Framework ++ ++ +++
CAAUIG [Han04] ++ ++ ++ Framework,
Language + + +
CF [Fis12] +++ + ++ Framework +++ +++ +++
LCAAF [Pre09] ++ ++ + Design
Method + + ++
Frameworks
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Design Spaces 1990
Nig93
1995
Kar96
2005
Van05
Gaj06
Cou07
Cal07
Arh09
Van08
Rou08
Car09
2010
Boh10
Cal11
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Design Spaces
Modalities, Fusion, Abstraction
What, When, Why, How, To What, Who, How many, With what, For what
Costs, Benefits, Frequency, Predictability, Performance, Satisfaction
Technique, Quality, Function
Target, Means, Time
Presence, Content Suggestion, Actionables
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AdaptaBon Lifecycle
The ISATINE framework [Lóp08]
41
Goals
Meaning of an input expression
Meaning of an output expression
Action Specification
Shape of an input expression
Shape of an output expression
Execution
Interpretation
Intention Evaluation
System
Perception
User interface adaptation
Initiative
Proposal Decision
Execution
Goals
Meaning of an input expression
Meaning of an input expression
Meaning of an output expression
Meaning of an output expression
Action Specification
Shape of an input expression
Shape of an input expression
Shape of an output expression
Shape of an output expression
Execution
Interpretation
Intention Evaluation
System System
Perception
User interface adaptation
Initiative
Proposal Decision
Execution
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AdaptaBon Lifecycle
42
Published in RRIOC [Mot13]
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Shortcomings S1. Limited coverage of CAA dimensions S2. Focused impact on CAA S3. Specific applicaBon domain S4. ParBal support for guiding CAA S5. Moderate usability for CAA UI’s S6. Technology-‐dependency of the soluBons S7. Obsolescence of the support provided S8. Simple logic to address CAA S9. Lack of unificaBon of the vocabulary and approaches
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Thesis Statement § To propose, to define, to develop, and to instanBate a
mulBdimensional conceptual framework (TriPlet)
§ To provide stakeholders structured guidance for addressing context-‐aware adaptaBon of user interfaces
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Tri
Ple
t CAMM CARF
CADS
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Methodology
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Methodology
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47
Tri
Ple
t CAMM CARF CADS
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CAMM
48
Published in RCIS’2013 [Mot13] and RRIOC
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CAMM: Agents
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CAMM: Context
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CAMM: Rules
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CAMM: Models
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CAMM: EnumeraBons
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CAMM § 34 classes § 72 a^ributes § 37 methods § 39 relaBonships
§ 11 associaBons § 4 aggregaBons § 21 composiBons § 4 inheritances
§ 3 enumeraBons § Classifier (2) § Operator (8) § PresentaBon type (29)
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CARF § Mind map diagram § Provides alternaBve designs for
§ What § How § To what § Why § When § Where § Who
Quintilian
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CARF
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CARF
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Steps followed to Extract AT’s § Search on digital bases (ScienBfic and
Commercial) § Context-‐aware adaptaBon § And concepts closely related
§ SystemaBcally extract adaptaBon techniques § A funcBon to change a system aspect according to a
given criteria
§ Locate the concepts within a common template § Publish them in a wiki
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References [Cou07]; [Ser10]
Description Re-molding consists in the reconfiguration the UI according to the target context: elements can be re-located, re-sized, added and supplied. Pagination and scrolling may be used.
Rationale Given a UI and a target context, the elements are re-arranged for the new context to assure usability
Example When the user changes the platform (e.g. from a Desktop PC to a Smartphone)
Context According to the platform, device, screen dimensions
Advantages The usability level will be improved
Disadvantages It is necessary to know before hand the best location for the elements, some of them may be suppressed
Source: http://www.alistapart.com/articles/switchymclayout
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Card
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CARF § 7 core dimensions
§ What: 10 aspects types § Why: 44 qualiBes § How: 152 adaptaBon techniques § To what: 480 context informaBon § Who: 4 agent roles § When: 3 stages § Where: 3 locaBons
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CADS
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CADS § 8 dimensions § 4 ranges § 26 adaptability levels
§ It supports up to 3 applicaBons compared simultaneously
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Methodology
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ValidaBon § Several approaches
§ InstanBaBon of the framework § By exploraBon on selected case studies
§ Variability of decisions
§ 2 illustraBve case studies § Car rental
§ A reference case study for FP7 Serenoa and W3C WG on MBUI
§ Touris<c applica<on § Weather, Weathaware, Walkaware § A reference case study for ITEA UsiXML
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CADS
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Case Study § 3 implementaBons each
§ TriPlet support
§ Costumers § Car Rental and TourisBc App
§ IT Team § UI Designers, Developer Team and Project Manager
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TriPlet support during the SDLC
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Planning
Design
Development
Analysis
CADS CARF
CAMM
customers designers
development team
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Car Rental Example
§ Task § Users rent a car
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Car Rental Example
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Car Rental Example
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Car Rental #1 – Context of Use A and B
B
A
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Car Rental #1 – Context of Use A and B
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Car Rental #1 – Context of Use A
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§ Credits: Aldemar Aramayo, Alexander Damnjanovich (LSINF2356 – HCI course)
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Car Rental #1 – Context of Use A
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Car Rental #1 – Context of Use B
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Car Rental #1 – Context of Use B
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Car Rental #1 – CoU A (Video)
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Car Rental #1 – CoU B (Video)
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Car Rental #1 – CADS
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Car Rental #2 – Context of Use A, B and C
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Car Rental #2 – Context of Use A, B, C
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A
B C
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Car Rental #2 -‐ Video
Credits: Thibault Goemans, Michael Lacroix, Grégory Nuy^ens, SébasBen Scoumanne (LINF2356 – HCI course)
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Car Rental #2 – CADS
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Car Rental #3 – Context of Use 1, 2 and 3
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Car Rental #3 – Context of Use 1 and 2
A B C D
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Car Rental #3 – Context of Use 3
E F
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§ Credits: Javier Escolar, CrisBna Cachón, and Ignacio Marín (reference case study and demos Serenoa project)
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Car Rental #3 – CADS
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Comparing CS1 – CADS
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Model Voyager
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TourisBc ApplicaBon
§ Task § Support users in planning their trip § Weather informaBon § Sightseeing
§ Credits: QuenBn Poncelet and François Debande mater thesis [Deb11]
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TourisBc ApplicaBon § Context
§ XML-‐based document
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TourisBc ApplicaBon § Decision Rules
§ Table
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Weather – CARF
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Weather – Smart phone
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Weather – Tablet PC
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Weather – Desktop PC
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Weather – CADS
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Walkaware -‐ CARF
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Walkaware – Smart phone
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Walkaware – Tablet PC
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Walkaware – Desktop PC
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Walkaware – CADS
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Weathaware – CARF
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Weathaware – Smart phone
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Weathaware – Tablet PC
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Weathaware – Desktop PC
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Weathaware – CADS
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Comparing CS2 – CADS
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§ A conceptual framework for MulBdimensional Context-‐aware AdaptaBon of User Interfaces
§ TriPlet § CARF
§ DescripBve Templates for AdaptaBon Techniques
§ CAMM § Formal definiBon of concepts, their properBes and relaBonships
§ CADS § A Design Space to analyze, evaluate and compare applicaBons
ContribuBons
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§ Designer and Developer § AlternaBves for design decisions § Standard Framework enabling instanBaBons § Unified terminology
§ End user § QualiBes § Completeness § More suitable and context-‐aware UI’s
Benefits
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§ Criteria vs. Discussion § Extensibility § Scalability § Flexibility § General purpose § UBlity
EvaluaBon
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§ Many trade-‐offs sBll exist § Privacy vs. Context § Context opBmizaBon vs. prioriBzaBon § User control vs. system control
§ Decisions vary according to each scenario
Discussion
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§ The framework supports stakeholders in the development of context-‐aware adaptaBon § Providing a catalog that aids the design decisions § Providing a meta-‐model that standardizes concepts § Providing means to analyze the applicaBon
§ No toolkit is provided though
Final Remarks
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§ One-‐size-‐does-‐not-‐fit-‐all § AdaptaBon is needed
§ So far, not enough support § Unified, integrated, complete
§ TriPlet § Extensible § Flexible § Generic Purpose § Technology-‐independent § Domain-‐independent
Conclusion
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§ AdaptaBon techniques as:
§ (Design) pa^erns § Library of algorithms
§ A portal to publish the knowledge and tools § Enabling search and retrieval of CAA Knowledge
§ A toolkit / Eclipse plugin to generate the computaBonal version of the framework
Future Works
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§ Serenoa project that is funded by the European Union through its Seventh Framework Programme as a STREP Project no. FP7-‐ICT-‐258030
§ ITEA2-‐Call 8 UsiXML (User Interface eXtensible Markup Language) project that is funded by DirecBon Générale DGO6 of Région Wallonne
§ QualIHM (Région Wallonne, DirecBon générale operaBonnelle de l’Economie, de l’Emploi et de la Recherche DGO6)
§ “The WIST -‐ Des<ne research project (Design & EvaluaBon Studio For Intent-‐ Based Ergonomic Web Sites), funded by «WIST» Wallonie InformaBon Science & Technology research program (Walloon Region, ConvenBon n°315577, h^p://www.info.fundp.ac.be/DESTINE
Acknowledgments
LILAB
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Publications § Vivian Genaro Motti, Javier Escolar, Cristina G. Cachón, Ignacio Marín and Jean
Vanderdonckt: Managing Adaptation Rules for Context-aware Graphical User Interfaces. In: UMUAI 2013 (Under review)
§ Vivian Genaro Motti and Jean Vanderdonckt: A Unified Model for Context-aware Adaptation of User Interfaces. In: RRIOC 2013 (To appear)
§ Vivian Genaro Motti, Dave Raggett, Sascha Van Cauwelaert, Jean Vanderdonckt: Simplifying the Development of Cross-Platform Web User Interfaces by Collaborative Model-Based Design. In: SIGDOC 2013
§ Vivian Genaro Motti, Dave Raggett, Jean Vanderdonckt: Current Practices on Model-based Context-aware Adaptation. In: CASFE 2013: 17-23
§ Vivian Genaro Motti, Jean Vanderdonckt. 2013. A Computational Framework for Context-aware Adaptation of User Interfaces. In: RCIS 2013.
§ Ugo Braga Sangiorgi, Vivian Genaro Motti, François Beuvens, and Jean Vanderdonckt. 2012. Assessing lag perception in electronic sketching. In: NordiCHI '12
§ Charles-Eric Dessart, Vivian Genaro Motti, and Jean Vanderdonckt. 2012. Animated transitions between user interface views. In: AVI '12
§ Charles-Eric Dessart, Vivian Genaro Motti, and Jean Vanderdonckt. 2011. Showing user interface adaptivity by animated transitions. In: EICS '11
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Courses § VANDERDONCKT, J.; MOTTI, V. G. . Multi-Dimensional Context-Aware
Adaptation of Web Applications. In: ICWE’2011. Paphos-Cyprus (Course Presented).
§ MOTTI, V. G.; VANDERDONCKT, J. . Context-Aware Adaptation of User
Interfaces. In: Interact’2011. Lisbon-Portugal (Course Presented).
§ 7 Deliverables (Serenoa) § 6 Working Papers (LSM)
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Q+A
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Weather – Smart phone
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CAMM
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CARF
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CADS