Public perception of Biotechnology in South Africa€¦ · Public perception of Biotechnology in...
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Public perception of
Biotechnology in
South Africa
Ben Durham
IFPRI May 2009
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SA Biotechnology
2001 – SA National Biotechnology Strategy
2003 – Creation of 6 institutions as main agents of strategy
4 Innovation support centres
1 Bioinformatics Platform/Network
1 Public Understanding of Biotech programme
2004 - Public Understanding of Biotechnology Survey
2007/8 - Approx 16 technology platforms created
- Approx 100 projects
- 38 companies created through innovation centres
- Survey
2009/10 - Technology Innovation Agency (TIA)
- Centres of Competence
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SA Biotechnology
Public Understanding of Biotechnology Programme
Why PUB?
Government strategy developing SA Biotechnology.
Recognize controversy regarding GM; Stem cells; cloning
Set up a Communication institution to promote factual, science-based
evidence regarding biotechnology.
• Not pro-biotech
• Develop credibility and trust
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Biotech Survey 2007
2007 Survey based on revised list-based OECD Biotech definition.
•78 biotechnology active companies, including 38 core biotech
companies
•1542 biotech products/services
•Revenues >R767 million
•Jobs 2 051 (biotech specific); 72 800 (all)
•90% of companies <50 employees
•Geographical distribution
•Demographics
80.8%
Response
rate
DNA/RNA 41%
Protein 24%
Cell & Tissue 37%
Process 36%
Sub-cellular 10%
Bio-informatics 23%
Nano-biotechnology 8%
Environmental 18%
Other 6%
Proportion of
companies involved
in various
technologies
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PUB Survey 2004
• High response rate (82% completed survey)
• Baseline to measure impact – not to substantiate specific
views;
• Knowledge, attitudes & judgments, trust;
• Mostly quantitative;
• Census enumerator areas/GIS – repeatable;
• Face to face interviews; &
• Language of choice.• Race: 76% black
• 12% white
• 9% coloured
• 3% asian
• Age: 29% 16-20
• 24% 21-25
• 26% 26-60
• 20% 60+
• 7000 people aged 16+ in 500 enumerator areas;
• Representative of total SA adult population of 29
million;
• Gender: 46% male & 54% female
• 53% formal urban; 35% tribal; 9% informal urban;
4% rural;
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PUB Survey 2004
Attitude
45
23
31
Negative Positive Indifferent
Knowledge25
75
Informed Uninformed
What do you think about biotech…
“Fake goods that come with Nigerians &
Chinese”
“something to do with brains”
“Weapons of mass destruction”
“something to do with cars”
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PUB Survey 2004
34
27
14
11
9
4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Negative,
Uninformed
Indifferent,
Uninformed
Positive,
Uninformed
Negative,
Informed
Positive, Informed Indifferent,
Informed
Po
pu
lati
on
an
d S
eg
men
tati
on
%
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PUB Survey 2004Employment Status - Uninformed
2122
23
16
22
18 19
24
0
5
10
15
20
25
Total Indifferent,
Uninformed
Negative,
Uninformed
Positive,
Uninformed
Unemployed Permanent
Employment Status - Informed
2119
21
16
22
20
25
41
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Total Indifferent,
Informed
Negative,
Informed
Positive,
Informed
Unemployed Permanent
25% informed75% uninformed
Survey sampleEmployment
Average Houseshold Income -
Uninformed
R 4,244.46
R 1,966.73R 2,768.98
R 7,423.16
-1002
9000
Total Indifferent,
Uninformed
Negative,
Uninformed
Positive,
Uninformed
Average HH income
Average Housheold Income - Informed
R 4,244.46 R 4,454.19
R 6,436.43
R 9,898.96
-2
10000
Total Indifferent,
Informed
Negative,
Informed
Positive,
Informed
Average HH income
Household
income
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PUB Survey 2004
Ethnicity- Uninformed
73
82 80
67
9 11 9 73 1 2 3
11
2 6
15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Total Indifferent,
Uninformed
Negative,
Uninformed
Positive,
Uninformed
Black Coloured Asian/Indian White
Ethnicity - Informed
73 77
65
40
9 7 612
3 5 6 511 9
20
42
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Total Indifferent,
Informed
Negative,
Informed
Positive,
Informed
Black Coloured Asian/Indian White
25% informed75% uninformed
Survey sample
Ethnicity
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PUB Survey 2004Source of information - Uninformed
22
14
21
26
20
16
23
30
15
20
16
1111
5
12 1210
24
64
109
13
9
4 3 421 1 2 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Total Indifferent,
Uninformed
Negative, Uninformed Positive, Uninformed
Universities
Media
SA Government
Environmental groups
Dont know
Consumer organisations
Religious organisations
Industry (Private sector)
Knowledge - Like to get information - Informed
22
31 3134
20
13
22
12
1518
15
7
11
4
9
23
10 9
5
2
10
4
10 10
4
10
4 313
03
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Total Indifferent, Informed Negative, Informed Positive, Informed
Universities
Media
SA Government
Environmental groups
Dont know
Consumer organisations
Religious organisations
Industry (Private sector)
UNINFORMED
INFORMED
Where would like to get info
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PUB Survey 2004
=>Vote for continuation
Which biotechnology practices should stop or continue?
17
2221
13
62
49
55
61
22
30
2425
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Food (Bread & cheese) GM crops - pest
resistent
Medicines Biodegradable plastics
Perc
en
tag
e o
f R
esp
on
ses
Stop
Continue
Don't Know
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PUB Survey 2004
3
1
9.5
21
1
3
1
1
21
15.6
22
0 5 10 15 20 25
Percentage of respondents
Pesticide content
GMO content
Fat content
Health benefits
Grown locally
Country of origin
Certified organic
Irradiation
Ingredients
Other
Don't know
Desired information on food labels 51% don’t read
food labels
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PUB Survey 2004
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
All media
TV
Radio
Magazines & newspapers
Internet
Other sources
Not interested
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
res
po
nd
en
ts
Sources of biotechnology information
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Principles
• Biotech is more than GMO’s (& be inclusive)
• GMO’s =>Polarized debate
• +ve attitude links with higher lsm; income;
education.
• Important to focus on positive features:
– Health benefits
– Environmental benefits
– Job creation
– Sustainable livelihoods
• SA strategy for public awareness
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Conclusions
• Engagement, not information
• Biotech – creating jobs
– Exploiting South African ideas
• Case studies - moving from a purely abstract approach (cloning/GM/stem cell) to more relevant SA examples.
• Key message:– Responsible biotechnology
– But fine to provoke discussion with controversy
• Government biosafety – promoting transparency; public access; decision justifications
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PUB Approach
Public Understanding of Biotechnology (PUB) Programme
Media
Responding to media (accuracy & balance); coordinating media; monitoring media
Developing biotech material – tv; thought pieces; posters; cartoons; articles
Training journalists – media round tables on SA relevant topics
Training researchers – workshops and one-on-one’s
Drama – audience participation plays
Exhibitions – Science Festival; Bio2Biz; INSITE
Conferences/seminars/workshops
Website
Curriculum development
Survey
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BIC Approach
Biotechnology Innovation Centres (funding innovation projects & platforms)
Promote their biotech activities
Marketing managers
Launches of companies/platforms/products (often with Ministerial support)
Bio2Biz
Regional Fora (quarterly events)
Promotional material
Press