Public Opinion and Development in Africa · 9/23/2015 · September 23, 2015 2 Pew Research Center...
Transcript of Public Opinion and Development in Africa · 9/23/2015 · September 23, 2015 2 Pew Research Center...
Public Opinion and Development in Africa
Richard Wike Director, Global Attitudes Research
September 23, 2015 2 www.pewresearch.org
Pew Research Center
• Established 1996
• Funded by the Pew Charitable Trusts
• Non-profit, non-partisan think tank in Washington
• Since 2002, we have surveyed in 85 countries
• www.pewresearch.org
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2015 Pew Global Attitudes Survey
• Nationally representative survey in 40 countries from March 25 to May 27 totaling 45,435 respondents. In Africa, the survey was conducted across nine African countries (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda) totaling 9,062 respondents.
• Survey in South Africa conducted April 8 to 29, 2015 among 1,000 respondents. All interviews conducted face-to-face.
• This study was made possible by The Pew Charitable Trusts, which received support for the survey from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
ECONOMIC OPTIMISM
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Africans More Positive on Economy Compared with Other Regions
Current economic situation is good Economy will improve over next year Children will be better off
Note: Africa median includes Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda. Russia & Ukraine not included in Europe median.
51%
48
40
36
31
28
59
Asia
Africa
U.S.
Latin America
Middle East
Europe
South Africa
60%
44
39
30
29
24
45
Africa
Latin America
Asia
Middle East
U.S.
Europe
58%
56
51
32
28
27
47
Latin America
Africa
Asia
Middle East
Europe
U.S.
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Average GDP Growth Since 2005 & Optimism for Next Generation
Note: Data for GDP growth from IMF World Economic Outlook Database, April 2015, accessed June 1, 2015. Data not available for Palestinian territories.
Vietnam China
Ethiopia Nigeria
India Burkina Faso
Chile Peru Senegal Brazil
Ghana Argentina
Uganda Indonesia
Israel Pakistan
Philippines Russia
Ukraine South Africa
Kenya
S.Korea
Mexico Turkey Venezuela Germany
Poland Tanzania Jordan U.S. Spain
Malaysia Canada Australia UK Lebanon
Japan Italy France
0
20
40
60
80
100
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Average % GDP growth (2005-2014)
%
Percent who think that when children today grow up they will be better off financially than their parents
Correlation = 0.75
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Short and Long Term Economic Optimism
92%
85
84
75
60
55
53
45
43
60
84
71
84
64
56
52
43
47
33
56
Nigeria
Burkina Faso
Ethiopia
Senegal
Ghana
Uganda
Kenya
South Africa
Tanzania
MEDIAN
Economic situation will improve over next year Children today will be better off financially than their parents
TOP CHALLENGES
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Top Problems Facing the Country ___ is a very big problem
*Median across eight countries; data not reported for Ethiopia. For all other categories, medians of nine countries shown, including South Africa.
Africa median South Africa 88%
82
81
80
80
76
71
65
63
57
55
39
Energy shortages
Lack of jobs
Poor health care
Poor quality schools
Government corruption*
Crime
Lack of clean water
Poor infrastructure
Food shortages
Lack of clean toilets
Pollution
Low participation in politics
79%
57
61
78
79
55
72
57
56
54
55
50
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More Concern about Crime in Urban Areas Crime is a very big problem in our country
Note: Only statistically significant differences shown.
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Urban Areas More Concerned about Corruption Government corruption is a very big problem in our country
Note: Only statistically significant differences shown.
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Health Care Top Priority for Improvement in Sub-Saharan Africa What do you think should be the most important priority for our country?
VIEWS ABOUT GOVERNMENT
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Confidence in Institutions and Organizations
39%
32
26
24
National government*
Foreign aid organizations
Domestic companies
Foreign companies
Very confident Somewhat confident
66
78%
70
60
Very/somewhat confident that __ will help solve the major problems in our country
Africa median South Africa
*Median across eight countries; data not reported for Ethiopia. For all other categories, medians of nine countries shown, including South Africa.
36%
21
26
23
68%
59
69
58
Very confident Somewhat confident
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Most Say Government is Run for Benefit of a Few Groups Would you say the government is run for the benefit of all the people in __ or is it run for the benefit of only a
few groups of people?
31%
53
58
58
60
61
67
59
59
65%
46
42
39
38
36
32
30
39
Burkina Faso
Kenya
Uganda
Senegal
Tanzania
Nigeria
Ghana
South Africa
MEDIAN
Benefit all Benefit few groups
Note: Data not reported for Ethiopia.
VIEWS ABOUT FOREIGN AID
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Perception of Foreign Aid Received What is your impression about how much foreign aid __ receives?
41%
41
40
39
37
36
36
32
22
37
32%
28
30
27
29
36
26
37
32
30
17%
16
20
15
25
9
28
24
17
17
Tanzania
Senegal
Ghana
Nigeria
Burkina Faso
Ethiopia
Uganda
Kenya
South Africa
MEDIAN
A lot Some Very little
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Most Say More Foreign Aid Needed When it comes to foreign aid, do you think our country needs ___ than/as it gets now?
Note: Data for volunteer category “none” not shown.
89%
85
85
73
68
67
59
49
26
68
2%
6
6
8
7
8
10
16
18
8
3%
5
6
16
18
17
15
17
26
16
Senegal
Burkina Faso
Uganda
Kenya
Ghana
Tanzania
Nigeria
Ethiopia
South Africa
MEDIAN
More About the same Less
58%
49
40
41
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Views about Foreign Aid Programs ___ describes programs in our country funded by foreign aid organizations well
68%
60
53
45
Effective
Benefit people in need
Corrupt
Inefficient
Africa median South Africa
Note: South Africa included in Africa median.
ATTITUDES TOWARD BUSINESS & GLOBALIZATION
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Positive Views of Foreign Companies in Extractive Industries
20%
13
23
11
32
22
36
33
29
23
77%
74
71
66
63
62
59
58
53
63
Kenya
Nigeria
Uganda
Ethiopia
Burkina Faso
Senegal
Ghana
Tanzania
South Africa
MEDIAN
Positive Negative Foreign companies in the [mining/oil and petrol] industry have a __ impact on our country
Note: Respondents in Nigeria were asked about the oil and petrol industry; in all other countries respondents were asked about the mining industry.
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Foreign Extractives Companies Seen as Benefitting Economy, But Also Ruining Environment
__ describes foreign companies in the [mining/oil and petrol industry] well
Africa median South Africa
67%
61
59
51
45
Provide jobs for local workers
Ruin the environment
Contribute to country's economic growth
Mines/oil rigs unsafe for workers
Don't pay their share of taxes
59%
58
57
48
45
Note: Respondents in Nigeria were asked about the oil and petrol industry; in all other countries respondents were asked about the mining industry. South African included in Africa median.
Mixed Views on Trade
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Note: Africa median includes Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda. Source: Spring 2014 Global Attitudes survey.
Africa median South Africa
87%
62
51
25
Trade is good
Trade creates jobs
Trade raises wages
Trade decreases prices
73%
47
46
17
Most Support Foreign Companies Building Local Factories
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Median percent saying foreign companies building factories in our country has a good impact
88%
75
75
72
70
70
65
Africa
Europe
U.S.
Asia
Latin America
Middle East
South Africa
Note: Africa median includes Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda. Russia & Ukraine not included in Europe median. Source: Spring 2014 Global Attitudes survey.
57%
55
43
42
32
28
57
Africa
Latin America
Asia
Middle East
Europe
U.S.
South Africa
Views on Foreign Companies Buying Local Companies
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Note: Africa median includes Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda. Russia & Ukraine not included in Europe median. Source: Spring 2014 Global Attitudes survey.
Median percent saying foreign companies buying domestic companies has a good impact on our country
OTHER CONCERNS: CLIMATE CHANGE & INEQUALITY
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Africa among Most Concerned Regions on Global Climate Change
61%
59
42
42
41
35
47
Latin America
Africa
U.S.
Europe
Asia/Pacific
Middle East
South Africa
Median percent saying very concerned about global climate change
Note: South Africa included in Africa median. Russia and Ukraine not included in Europe median.
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Inequality Seen as Bigger Problem in Africa Than in Other Regions
74%
60
60
57
46
43
72
Africa
Latin America
Europe
Middle East
U.S.
Asia
South Africa
Median percent saying the gap between the rich and poor is a very big problem
Note: Africa median includes Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda. Russia & Ukraine not included in Europe median. Source: Spring 2014 Global Attitudes survey.
THE U.S. AND CHINA
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Highest Ratings for Both U.S. and China in Africa Favorability of U.S. and China by country
Note: China not included in Asia regional median rating for China. Russia and Ukraine not included in Europe median.
80%
70
75
70
75
74
70
65
52
70
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Favorable Views of the U.S. & China across African Nations
Favorable Views of the U.S.
89%
84
81
80
79
78
76
76
74
79
Ghana
Kenya
Ethiopia
Senegal
Burkina Faso
Tanzania
Nigeria
Uganda
South Africa
MEDIAN
Favorable Views of China
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Mostly Positive Views of American Soft Power Do you have a positive or negative view of American …
83%
73 73
58 56
10% 15 16
33 34
Scientific & tech. advances
Ways of doing business
Ideas about democracy
Music, movies & television
Ideas & customs spreading
Postive Negative
Note: Median of Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa and Uganda. Source: Spring 2013 Global Attitudes survey.
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American vs. Chinese Ways of Doing Business
81%
75
75
70
69
65
Kenya
Senegal
Ghana
Nigeria
South Africa
Uganda
68%
65
52
76
43
53
Like American ways of doing business Like Chinese ways of doing business
Source: Spring 2013 Global Attitudes survey.
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In Africa, U.S. Seen as World’s Leading Economic Power
U.S. China Japan EU
Other/ None/DK (VOL)
% % % % %
Senegal 68 19 2 3 8
Kenya 64 20 6 4 6
Tanzania 63 16 3 6 13
Uganda 62 16 5 2 14
Ghana 61 23 3 2 10
Ethiopia 60 15 3 4 17
Nigeria 54 26 3 2 16
South Africa 53 21 4 6 18
Burkina Faso 50 30 3 2 16
MEDIAN 61 20 3 3 14
Today, which one of the following do you think is the world’s leading economic power?
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Which comes closest to your view?
35%
39
35
33
48
38
33
59%
50
49
47
46
41
40
Europe
Middle East
Latin America
Africa
U.S.
Asia/Pacific
South Africa
China will/has replaced U.S. China will never replace U.S.
Note: South Africa included in Africa median. Russia & Ukraine not included in Europe median.
But Many Say China Will Become Top Superpower
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Many in Africa See China Eclipsing U.S. as Leading Superpower
23%
36
32
44
29
28
34
33
46
33
51%
49
48
48
47
46
45
40
34
47
Burkina Faso
Senegal
Tanzania
Kenya
Nigeria
Ethiopia
Ghana
South Africa
Uganda
MEDIAN
China will/has replaced U.S. China will never replace U.S.
Which comes closest to your view?
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It Is More Important to Have Strong Ties with …
52%
40
38
37
30
17
19%
34
29
28
29
33
15%
17
23
32
20
37
Uganda
Senegal
Ghana
Kenya
South Africa
Nigeria
U.S. (Vol) Both China
Source: Spring 2013 Global Attitudes survey.
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