Public Meeting:Discuss ARB Guidelines for

Rail Yard Health Risk Assessments

August 30, 2006August 30, 2006(Commerce, CA)(Commerce, CA)

Overview of Presentations

• Statewide Locomotive and Railyard Strategies• Statewide Railyard Agreement• Railyard Health Risk Assessments (HRAs)• Guidelines for Railyard HRAs:

– Emission Inventories (guidelines)– Air Dispersion Modelling – Health Risk Assessments (guidelines)

• Air District Participation• Summary and Next Steps

Statewide Locomotive and Railyard Strategies

• South Coast Locomotive Agreement (1998)• ARB Diesel Regulation - Intrastate Locomotives (2004 )• Statewide Railyard Agreement (2005)• ARB Cargo Handling Equipment Regulation (2005) • Element of California’s Goods Movement Plan (2006)• National rulemaking for Tier 3 locomotives (2007)• Greater than 90% reduction in diesel PM and NOx by

2020 and localized risk reduction

Statewide Railyard Agreement

• Limit non-essential idling to 60 minutes.• Install anti-idling devices. • Use ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel .• Identify and repair smoking

locomotives.• Reduce locomotive diesel PM by 20%

in and around rail yards.

• 16 new railyard risk assessments by 2008.

• Additional mitigation measures in the future.

Statewide Railyard Agreement (cont’d)

RailyardRailyard HRA ResponsibilitiesHRA Responsibilities

•• The Railroads (with their consultants)The Railroads (with their consultants)–– 80% work within yards 80% work within yards –– RailyardRailyard emission Inventoryemission Inventory–– RailyardRailyard air dispersion modelingair dispersion modeling

•• ARBARB–– Review of emissions and modelingReview of emissions and modeling–– Emissions/Modeling outside of the yardsEmissions/Modeling outside of the yards–– Risk assessmentsRisk assessments–– Draft HRA reportsDraft HRA reports

RAILYARD EMISSION INVENTORY GUIDELINES

Railyard Emission Sources

Locomotives(line-hauls, switchers,

& passenger)

Locomotives(line-hauls, switchers,

& passenger)

Cargo handling

equipment (e.g. forklifts)

Cargo handling

equipment (e.g. forklifts)

Off-road equipment

(e.g. transport refrigeration

units)

Off-road equipment

(e.g. transport refrigeration

units)

On-road trucks & vehicles

(e.g. container delivery trucks)

On-road trucks & vehicles

(e.g. container delivery trucks)

Stationary Sources

(point & area)

Stationary Sources

(point & area)

RailyardEmission Inventory

• Fleet/Equipment population• Operation activities

– Operation hours– Vehicle mileage traveled– Daily activity hours

• Emission factors• Fuel characteristics

– Fuel usage– Sulfur content

Methodology of Emission Inventory

Locomotive Emissions

• Population of locomotives by classes or groups

• Notch or power settings & idling• Emission factors• Hours of operation• Fuel consumption

Cargo Handling and Off-Road Equipment Emissions

• Population of equipment• Emission factors by size and model

year• Activity hours

On-Road Truck/Vehicle Emissions

• Number of trucks and vehicles• Emission factor per mileage traveled• Vehicle mileage• Idling emission and hours

Stationary Source Emissions

• Number of sources (point and area)• Emission factors• Fuel consumption

Spatial Distribution of Emissions

UP J.R. Davis Yard, Roseville

N

Off-Site Emission Assessment

• Off-site emissions• Off-site modeling• Part of health risk assessment

ARB Guidelines for Rail Yard ARB Guidelines for Rail Yard Health Risk AssessmentHealth Risk Assessment

August 30, 2006August 30, 2006

IntroductionIntroduction

��Rail Yard Health Risk Assessment Rail Yard Health Risk Assessment (HRA) Guidelines (HRA) Guidelines

�� Identify the risks associated with toxic Identify the risks associated with toxic air contaminants (air contaminants ( TACsTACs ), especially ), especially diesel particulate matterdiesel particulate matter (DPM)(DPM)

IntroductionIntroduction

�� Air Dispersion Modeling Air Dispersion Modeling –– Emission inventory inputsEmission inventory inputs–– Meteorological inputs Meteorological inputs –– Computer model Computer model →→ TAC concentration distributionsTAC concentration distributions

�� Health Risk AssessmentHealth Risk Assessment–– Concentration distributions Concentration distributions →→ health impactshealth impacts–– 7070--yearyear --exposure for residentsexposure for residents–– 4040--yearyear --exposure for workersexposure for workers

Flow Chart of Flow Chart of RailyardRailyard HRAHRA

RailyardEmission Inventory

Air Dispersion Modeling

Meteorological Inputs

Risk Assessment

Off-siteEmission Inventory

Draft HRA Report

Meteorological InputsMeteorological Inputs

Air Dispersion ModelingAir Dispersion Modeling

��Recommended model: AERMOD Recommended model: AERMOD

��Other acceptable models: ISCST3, Other acceptable models: ISCST3, CALPUFF, etc., on a case by case CALPUFF, etc., on a case by case basis. basis.

Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment

�Consistent with OEHHA HRA Guidelines and ARB Roseville RailyardStudy .

�Estimate cancer risk, non-cancer chronic and acute health impacts.

Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment

8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000

Easting (m)

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000N

orthin

g (m

)

0 1 2mile

Similarities with SCAQMD Rule 3503Similarities with SCAQMD Rule 3503

��RailyardRailyard Emission InventoriesEmission Inventories

��RailyardRailyard Health Risk AssessmentsHealth Risk Assessments

Not consideredRisk associated with significant offsite emissions will be estimated (including emission inventory, air dispersion modeling, and risk assessment)

Emissions from other sources surrounding railyard

70 years for residents, 40 years for workers

70 years for residents, 40 years for workers, in addition, 9 years particular for school children

Exposure duration

Not requiredUS census data in a GIS mapDemographic data

100X100m or less50X50m within 1 km, 500X500m outside, 250X250m in between

Receptor grids

Surface data required by ISCST3 and suggested by SCAQMD

Surface + Upper air sounding data required by AERMOD

Meteorological data

ISCST3AERMOD, (ISCST3, CALPUFF on a case by case basis)

Air dispersion model selection

OEHHA guideline: degree of accuracy

ARB approval on case by case basis

Di Minimis levels

AOM is allowed if operation is in a pattern that is predictable and repetitive

Actual activity data is preferred, AOM is allowed only if no actual activity data is available

Actual activity data vs. average operating mode (AOM)

Extrapolation of a period of three months could be used to develop an annual emissions estimate

Annual operations and equipment activity data for the most current complete calendar year on an hourly basis

Completion of activity data sets

Includes class I and two class III railroads

Only class I railroads (UP and BNSF)

Applicable railroads

SCAQMD Rule 3503ARB Railyard HRA GuidelinesComponents

Differences between ARB/SCAQMD HRA GuidelinesDifferences between ARB/SCAQMD HRA Guidelines

RailyardRailyard Health Risk AssessmentHealth Risk AssessmentSchedulesSchedules

UP UP OaklandOakland

UPUPStocktonStockton

UPUPMira LomaMira Loma

UPUPLATCLATC

UPUPIndustryIndustryUPUPCommerceCommerce

UPUPDolores/ICTFDolores/ICTFBNSFBNSFWatsonWatson

UPUPColton Colton BNSFBNSFStockton Stockton

BNSFBNSFSan Diego San Diego BNSFBNSFRichmond Richmond

BNSFBNSFSan Bernardino San Bernardino BNSFBNSFHobart Hobart

BNSFBNSFBarstow Barstow BNSFBNSFCommerce/EasternCommerce/Eastern

CompanyCompanyRailyardRailyardCompanyCompanyRailyardRailyard

Draft Health Risk Assessments to Draft Health Risk Assessments to be Completed bybe Completed byDecember 31, 2007December 31, 2007

Draft Health Risk Assessments to Draft Health Risk Assessments to be Completed by be Completed by December 31, 2006December 31, 2006

Community InvolvementCommunity Involvement

�� Public workshops on Draft ARB Public workshops on Draft ARB RailyardRailyard Health Risk Health Risk Assessment Guidelines:Assessment Guidelines:–– Northern California: 8/28/2006 (Sacramento)Northern California: 8/28/2006 (Sacramento)–– Southern California: 8/30/2006 (Commerce)Southern California: 8/30/2006 (Commerce)

�� Community meetings to discuss draft findings at Community meetings to discuss draft findings at each designated each designated railyardrailyard ::

–– Early 2007 (first set of Early 2007 (first set of railyardrailyard HRAsHRAs ))

–– Early 2008 (second set of Early 2008 (second set of railyardrailyard HRAsHRAs ))

�� Additional discussions on mitigation measures for Additional discussions on mitigation measures for each designated each designated railyardrailyard

ARB ARB RailyardRailyard HRA ContactsHRA Contacts

�� Harold Holmes, Harold Holmes, Manager, Engineering Evaluation SectionManager, Engineering Evaluation Section–– (916) 324(916) 324--8029; 8029; hholmes@arb.ca.govhholmes@arb.ca.gov

�� Eugene Yang, Eugene Yang, Ph.D.Ph.D.–– HRA Emission InventoriesHRA Emission Inventories–– (916) 327(916) 327--1510; 1510; eyang@arb.ca.goveyang@arb.ca.gov

�� Jing Yuan, Jing Yuan, Ph.D.Ph.D.–– Air Dispersion Modeling and Health Risk AssessmentsAir Dispersion Modeling and Health Risk Assessments–– (916) 322(916) 322--8875; 8875; jyuan@arb.ca.govjyuan@arb.ca.gov

�� ARB ARB RailyardRailyard HRA Website:HRA Website:–– http://http:// www.arb.ca.gov/railyard/hra/hra.htmwww.arb.ca.gov/railyard/hra/hra.htm