Public Health Jason Drenning Ashley Eckes Jessica Eliazar Jessica Elliott.

Public Health

Jason DrenningAshley Eckes

Jessica EliazarJessica Elliott

What is Public Health?

Public health is concerned with threats to the overall health of a community based on population health analysis

"Health care matters to all of us some of the time, public health matters to all of us all of the time“ - C. Everett Koop

Public Health Objectives

The focus of a public health intervention is to prevent rather than treat a disease through surveillance of cases and the promotion of healthy behaviors

Modern public health is concerned with addressing determinants of health across a population, rather than advocating for individual behavior change. Our health is affected by many factors including where we

live, genetics, our income, our educational status and our social relationships - "social determinants of health"

Facets of Public Health

Epidemiology Environmental Health Social & Behavioral Sciences Biostatistics Occupational Health

Important Public Health Issues

Smoking Obesity Stress Management Physical Fitness Nutrition HIV/AIDS

Substance Abuse Depression Mental Health Heart Disease Maternal/Infant Health Diabetes

Early Interventions

The Romans understood that the proper disposal of human waste was a necessary to the health of communities in urban areas.

The Chinese developed the practice of variolation following a smallpox outbreak around 1000 BC. An individual without the disease could become

immune by inhaling the dried crusts that formed around lesions of infected individuals.

10 Great Public Health Achievements

Vaccinations Motor Vehicle Safety Workplace Safety Control of Infectious

Diseases Decline in deaths from

stroke and heart disease

Safer and healthier foods

Healthier mothers and babies

Family planning Fluoridation of drinking

water Recognition of tobacco

use as a health hazard

Public Health Today

The developing world remains plagued by largely preventable infectious diseases, exacerbated by malnutrition and poverty. Infectious diseases such as SARS, have made their way

from China to Canada and the United States; Public health challenges also include the

ongoing social, economic and health disasters related to the 2005 Tsunami and Hurricane Katrina in 2006

Health People 2010

Provides a framework of national health objectives designed to identify the most significant preventable threats to health and to establish national goals to reduce these threats

Goal 1: Increase Quality and Years of Healthy Life

Goal 2: Eliminate Health Disparitieshttp://www.healthypeople.gov/

Impact of Public Health

The dramatic achievements of Public Health in the 20th century have improved our quality of life: an increase in life expectancy, world wide reduction in infant and child mortality, and the elimination or reduction of many communicable diseases.

Since 1900, the average life expectancy for Americans has increased by about 30 years. Over twenty-five of the 30 years can be accredited to public health initiatives, while medical advances account for less than 4 years.

Public Health Bills

Large Scope Broad American Public Health Association Priorities

Rebuilding the Public Health Infrastructure Ensuring Access to Health Care Eliminating Health Disparities

Prevention Reducing Health Care Costs

Obesity

National Health Problem Contributes to diabetes, cardio-vascular

disease, and cancer Disproportionately affects poor, blacks, and

American Indians Increasing the fastest in children

Importance of Prevention

Impact on Public Health

Health Care Costs and Expenditures Directly associated

According to a recent study, obesity-related medical expenditures in Florida total over $3.9 billion (FDOH, 2005) Over half of the costs being financed by Medicare and

Medicaid (FDOH, 2005).

Indirectly associated Management of diabetes and secondary diseases Costs of disability on economy

Previous Bills Healthy Lifestyles and Prevention American Act or

HeLP America Act (2004) The purpose is to improve the health of Americans and minimize

health care costs by restructuring the Nation's health care system towards prevention, wellness, and self care.

Urban and Rural Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Act of 2003 To provide assistance for the development of indoor disease

prevention and health promotion centers in urban and rural areas throughout the United States.

Right Start Act of 2003 To improve early learning opportunities and promote

preparedness by increasing the availability of Head Start programs, to increase the availability and affordability of quality child care, to reduce child hunger and encourage healthy eating habits, to facilitate parental involvement, and for other purposes.

Democratic View

More funding for physical education in public schools

Strengthening Title IX Fighting against President Bush’s push to make

the title weaker Affordable Education and Accessible Health

Care Lowering obesity rates will in tern lower

insurance costs Expand funding

Republican View

Healthy America Initiative Joint effort with governors both Democratic and

Republican Huckabee, Sanford Napolitano, Scharzenegger, Vilsack, Bredsen

Raise Awareness of healthy behaviors and risks “Do it yourself” solution Put little money into regulation and education

The rest is up to the individual Cost effective programs

Implications

To fix the obesity problem in America it will cost more before it costs less Those that are already obese Treatment – or prevention measure

Implementation Is law the way to go with the obesity issue?

Governmental time frame is often to short Make sure we don’t “blame the victim” Encouraging good treatment

Requirements for surgery Results of expert opinions and recommendations

Fast food lawsuits

Childhood Obesity Prevention Act

Rationale for Proposed Legislation To encourage innovative state and community

based activities to help reduce and prevent obesity among children.

Target Group Elementary and Secondary School aged children.


Primary Mechanisms State and Local Wellness Projects Commission on Prevention of Obesity National Health and Physical Fitness Awards

State & Local Wellness Projects

State Wellness Project Grants Award Grants to State Educational Agencies to

fund projects related to the creation of nutrition and physical fitness programs targeting school aged children.


State Wellness Project Grants Basic Program Activities:

Collect preliminary data on the State’s obesity prevalence.

Develop and implement school programs that enhance nutritional education and physical fitness programs. Collaborate with Local Wellness Projects and public/private

community-based organizations Develop State Health Standards. Report the program results.


Local Wellness Project Grants Award Grants to Local Educational Agencies to

fund projects to promote healthier eating habits and increase physical fitness within the community.


Local Wellness Project Grants Basic Program Activities:

Provide a preliminary statement of the community’s needs and the project’s goals.

Promote local awareness of the impact of individual behaviors on health status.

Increase opportunities for physical fitness. After-school activities, intramural sports, etc.

Provide support to school nutrition and physical fitness services Training teachers and staff, providing educational materials,

etc. Report the program results.

Commission on Prevention of Obesity

Establishment and Purpose Provide guidance on research, policy formation,

and other activities of the Federal government relating to the prevention and treatment of obesity.

Oversight of State and Local Wellness Projects.


Commission Duties Collect & review information from Wellness

Projects Provide Feedback

Share information on successful projects. Create recommendations on a Federal response

to obesity prevention and treatment Develop standards for the receipt of the National

Health & Physical Fitness Awards


Consultation Representatives of State and local government

Educators

Community based organizations


Membership HHS Department of Agriculture Department of Education Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services CDC NIH Private sector representatives

Public Health Organizations, Food Industry, Fitness Industry, etc.


Report Every two years Describe & evaluate current programs State recommendations on a Federal response to

obesity prevention and treatment Address Healthy People 2010 objectives

National Health and Physical Fitness Awards

Program to recognize and award elementary & secondary schools with Outstanding physical fitness and nutritional

education programs Demonstrated improvements in student fitness,

nutritional awareness, and overall health

National Health and Physical Fitness Awards

Teacher Achievement Awards Awarded to teachers, coaches, & other personnel

for providing leadership within nutrition and physical fitness programs

Student Achievement Awards Awarded to students that demonstrate

improvements in nutrition awareness, levels of physical activity, and have shown overall health improvements


Estimated Costs State Wellness Project Grants

$500,000 per state grant; 20 state max: $10,000,000 Local Wellness Project Grants

$200,000 per local grant; 100 max: $20,000,000 Must award at least one to each state

Commission on Prevention of Obesity $200,000 per year


It's estimated that the obesity epidemic costs our nation $117 billion per year in direct health care costs and lost productivity (RWJF, 2007).

We must take action now to address this urgent national health threat.

Questions?

Public Health Jason Drenning Ashley Eckes Jessica Eliazar Jessica Elliott.

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