Public Health Informatics: Opportunity in an Era of...
Transcript of Public Health Informatics: Opportunity in an Era of...
© 2009 IBM Corporation0
Public Health Informatics: Opportunity in an Era of Change
Public Health Informatics ConferenceAtlanta, Georgia
April 29, 2014M-J. Sepúlveda, MD FACPIBM Fellow & Vice President
© 2009 IBM Corporation1
Business and Government Structure Modernization
Information Readiness and Analytics
Big DataCities Cognitive Computing
Transformation is accelerating in societies driven by economic, demographic, technological,
environmental and legislative forces.
© 2009 IBM CorporationPhoto: Luca Bruno / AP
2005
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2013
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2008
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2014
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1990
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2010
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Urban and rural populations by development group, 1950-2050
Less Developed Urban
Less Developed Rural
More Developed Rural
More Developed Urban
Less Developed Rural to Urban Transition
Global Rural toUrban Transition
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Cities are focal points of economic activity
Bangalore
New Delhi
Beijing
Guangzhou
Shanghai
Johannesburg
Cape Town
SydneyMexico
Paris
Lisbon
Brussels
Seoul
-10
0
10
20
30
-5 5 15 25 35 45 55
Top cities act as economic activity hubs
(Size of the bubble – ratio of city share of national GDP to its share of national population, 2009)
48% Global GDP in 2012 from top 300 cities with 19% worldwide population.
Talent Cities contain an increasingly large share of the world's highly skilled, educated, and entrepreneurial population
Innovation Cities support large-scale business networks that absorb and extend innovation
City
sha
re o
f cou
ntry
pop
ulat
ion,
%
City share of country GDP, %9
Source: UN Habitat 2010, and IBM Global Center for Economics Development analysis
%Pop”n = % GDP
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Current programs, agencies & transactions in health and social services are not sustainable
SOCIALENTERPRISES
CBO’s
GovernmentAgencies
Law Enforcement
HealthcareProviders
Courts
EducationProviders
AdvocacyGroups
Employers
EarlyIntervention
AdultProtection
WorkersComp.
UnemploymentInsurance
Employment
Management
JuvenileJustice
Child Care
ChildSupport
Income Assistance
Medical Assistance
Child ServicesNEEDS
Education
Safety
Health
Financial
Shelter
Food
FAMILY
Abuse
LIFE EVENTS
Neglect
Counseling
Loss of JobMarriage
Injury
Foster Care
Substance Abuse
FAMILY
Environmental
Transportation
Energy and Water
Government and Agency Administration
Urban Planning
Planning and Management
Public Safety
Social and Health
Human
Education
Infrastructure
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State and Local
Public Welfare and Health Costs
2012
$721B
States$541B
MunicipalGovernments
$180B
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Local governments debt ridden
DTR Debt to Revenue
Ratio
All Local Governments in 19 states
Revenue Debt
All Local Governments
DTR >1DTR = 1.1
US Census 2012 Annual Survey State Government
$1.67 Trillion $1.75 Trillion
$1.75 Trillion$0.6-$93.6 Billion
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Water & Industrial
Water and Wastewater Flood Management Utilities Grid Mgmt Oil Platform Mgmt Usage Analytics Leak Detection Contamination Mgmt Predictive Maintenance Asset Management Smart Metering
Public Safety & Fraud
Fusion Centers Fraud Analytics Video Analytics Crime Information Predictive Policing Border Security Emergency Response Terrorism Cyber Security
Planning & Operations
City Planning Airport Cockpit Smarter Retail Operation Integr Supply Chain Mgmt Investment Coordination Budget Management Business Licensing Social Programs Outcome Management
Stadiums & Events
Fan Experience Command Center Sales Optimization Physical Security Emergency Mgmt Sentiment Analysis Traffic and Crowd Flow Parking optimization Strategic Planning
AnalyzePredictive Systems
Modelling & Simulation
Archive
VisualizeDashboards
AlarmingReports / Analysis
Visualization
Data-IntegrationWeather / Citizens / Taxes / Healthcare /
…
Alarms KPI’s Guidelines
Service Bus
Standard-based Interfaces
Domain specific Interfaces
Gateway Gateway Gateway Gateway Gateway
Traffic Water Public Safety Energy Buildings/
Stadiums
Traffic & Transportation
Multi-modal Mobility Traffic Prediction Smarter Parking Bus Arrival Prediction Fleet Optimization Data Integration Planning and Simulation Road User Charging Connected Car Electric Vehicle Mgmt
Municipal IT systems to manage, monitor processes, Analyze, consolidate events and initiate responses!
1 2 3 4 5
Intelligent Operations Center
Event Rules WorkflowsSemantic Models
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Intelligent Operations
Water quality Conservation /leakage/flood Use and Waste Flood Management:
Water & Wastewater
Water Infrastructure
Weather & External data
Flood prediction & Emergency
Water
TODAY
Observe and
react
TOMORROWAnticipateand avoid
Road traffic
Bus / Coach
Electric vehicles
FretCar parkingTaxis Tram / train Bikes
INTEGRATION & DATA PROCESSING
Intelligent Transportation
++
PREDICTIVE
MULTIMODAL
REAL TIME
Smarter Mobility
Optimal way to destination Help citizens to avoid
incidents Awareness &
recognition of criticalsituations
Traffic and incident management
Predictive analytics Supervise traffic control Collaboration of
concerned agencies
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Rio de Janeiro IOC
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Big Dataand Internet of Things
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Data in Doubt
VeracityVolume Velocity Variety
Data in Motion Data in Many FormsData at Rest
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What can we do with big data for PH?
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SurveillanceResponse, Mobilization Social media/
Geospatial analysis Physical, Chemical, Biologic Climactic , Environmental Events, Incidents Risk Factors, Conditions Epidemic early warning system Video analysis Audio analysis
Smart Grid management Multimodal surveillance Real-time promotions Cyber security ICU monitoring Options trading Click-stream analysis CDR processing IT log analysis RFID tracking & analysis
Assessment , Prediction, Forecasting Transaction analysis to create insight-based
product/service offerings Fraud modeling & detection Risk modeling & management Social media/sentiment analysis Environmental analysis
Discovery & Experimentation Surveillance Modeling and Simulation Sentiment analysis Scientific research Ad-hoc analysis Model development Hypothesis testing Transaction analysis to create insight-
based product/service offeringsManage and Plan Operational analytics – BI reporting Planning and forecasting analysis Predictive analysis
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Capacity
Product
Services Payment
MeasurementTechnology
People
Culture
Process
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EthicsLaws
Liabilities
Work Organization Partnerships
Supply Chain, Capital/Equipt.
Operations and
Budgets
PerformanceAssessment
TrainingSkills
Communication
Leadership
PayRewards
StandardsInteroperability
Privacy, Security
LearningImprovementCollaborationTransparency
Modified after P. Gabow MD; Ret. CEO Denver Health
Many Challenges
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Danah Boyd, 2010
“Just Because It is Accessible Doesn’t Mean Using It is Ethical”
http://www.danah.org/papers/talks/2010/WWW2010.html
“Bigger Data are Not Always Better Data”
“Not All Data are Created Equal”
“ “What and Why are Different Questions”
“Be Careful of Your Interpretations”
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Sponsors: Orange, University of Leuven, MIT Objective: use massive data sets mobile phone to improve well-being populations Target: Cote D’Ivoire, 4 months; 4 data sets Orange mobile subscribers;
encouraged use other data sets; public, private research institutions Projects
– Tourism and events analysis: better organization, economic impacts.– Population statistics: poverty maps with poverty/GDP development index – Health improvement : correlating mobility with data on spread of disease,.– Economic Indicators: correlating calling/mobility patterns with economic
activities– Alerting/Preventing violence: violent events to improve population’s security– Improving privacy: Exploring large data sets, crossing them to help improve the
knowledge on how to make better Safe open Data.
PPP: Data for Development Challenge (D4D) 2012
© 2009 IBM Corporation4/6/201
PPP: Smart Cities Dubuque Iowa
City in Motion: Making sense of billions of telco events in conjunction with transportation data
Smart Water Meter Analytics: Analyzing smart meter data for leaks, anomalies, and consumption patterns
Sensing(Active & Passive Sensing)
Dynamic & Static Data
Spatio- Single & multi-domainAnalytics & Modeling
Impacting(Inform, Actuate, Respond, Control,
Influence)
Dynamic &
Impacting Supply
(Inform, Actuate, Respond, Control,
Insights)
Sensors, Cell Phones, People,
temporal & SocialInformation Management
Sensing
Analytics & Modeling
& Influencing DemandInfluence via Social Computing)
(Demand Models, Behavior Models,
Models
Smart Electric Meter Analytics: Analyzing smart meter data for anomalies, and consumption patterns and sharing information
Citizen Engagement Platform: Coupling social profiles (Lotus Connections) with Spatial data (IOC) in a 2-way city-citizen communication platform
Static Data
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Continuing evolution of computing: new “learning” systems are required, ushering a new era of computing
Systemintelligence
Tabulating Systems Era
Programmable Computing Era
Cognitive Systems Era
DiscoveryProbabilisticIntelligent optionsBig Data (i.e. 4 “V’s”)Natural language
1900 1950 2011
4V’s = Volume + Variety + Velocity + Voracity
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SearchDeterministicSimple outputs“Enterprise” dataMachine language
. . . enabling new opportunities and outcomes
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Cognitive computing
© 2012 International Business Machines Corporation24
Watson paths
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Watson Oncology
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Big data challenges for cognitive computing
Volume:storage
technologies
Velocity:analyzing
data in motion
Veracity:uncertainty,
data in doubt
Computer architecture:
CPU centric
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Speed of change & data create great PH/PHI opportunities
Culture of partnership outside PH/PHI needed, make it happen
Multi-sectoral data literacy is essential for multi-sectoral collaboration
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Transformation is a journey
Single view of the problem/case
Population health systems analytics
Pop. health optimization
Population health information exchange
Population health practitioner portal
IT optimization
Digitize information for relevant sectorsImpacting health
View andexchange of
multi-sectoral and health
related data via
customizableuser interface
Exchange population
health-related data within
and betweenenterprises
Derive valueand intelligence
to improve population
health outcomes and curb costs
Healthy citizens in healthy communities
Smarter Health Systems
Popu
latio
n he
alth
val
ue
Maturity over time