Public Education in Oregon• 1859 Oregon State Constitution• 1862 County Superintendent Position Created• 1873 First Appointed State Superintendent: Sylvester

C. Simpson• 1874 First elected State Superintendent:

L.L. Rowland• 1940 Superintendent of Public Instruction becomes a

nonpartisan elected office• 1990 Ballot Measure 5 is approved• 1991 HB 3565 is passed by the Legislature• 1995 HB 2991 is passed by the Legislature• 2005 Legislature adds to diploma requirements• 2007 HB2263 alters the state accountability system• 2008 State board adopts new diploma requirements• 2011 SB909 Creates Oregon Education Investment

Board

Oregon Constitution, 1859Article VIII:• Section 3. System of common schools. The

Legislative Assembly shall provide by law for the establishment of a uniform, and general system of Common schools.

• Section 4. Distribution of school fund income. Provision shall be made by law for the distribution of the income of the common school fund among the several Counties of this state in proportion to the number of children resident therein between the ages, four and twenty years. —

Sylvester Simpson, Oregon’s First Superintendent of Public Instruction

The first Superintendent of Public Instruction was born in Missouri. Brought to Oregon by his parents in 1846, he graduated from Willamette University where he studied law. Besides being ODE's first State Superintendent from 1872-74, he became private secretary to Governor Stephen Chadwick, 1877-78. He practiced law in Salem and Portland before moving to California where he continued his law practice.

L.L. Rowland, a medical professor at Willamette University and Oregon's first elected Superintendent of Public Instruction. He was also a noted preacher and elder at the Salem Christian Church.

Oregon’s First Elected Superintendent, 1874

Superintendent Position becomes Non-Partisan Election, 1940

Rex Putnam served as ODE Superintendent of Public Instruction for nearly 25 years. He began his career teaching in Springfield and served as superintendent at Redmond and Albany. In 1937, he was appointed to fill a vacancy as Superintendent of Public Instruction and was elected to the position in 1938. He was then re-elected another five terms.

First Female Superintendent,1990-99

Norma Paulus attended Burns Union HS. She graduated from Willamette Law School in 1962. She served as a State Representative from 1971-76 and as Secretary of State from 1977-1985. Her occupational background included work as an appellate lawyer and legal secretary. She also served on the Northwest Power Planning Council from 1987-89.

First Latina Superintendent, 2002 to present

Susan Castillo was born in Los Angeles on August 14, 1951. She received a Bachelor of Arts in Communications from Oregon State University. The first Hispanic woman in the Oregon Legislative Assembly, Castillo served in the Oregon State Senate from 1997 to 2002.

Expansion of Regulation• 1920 2 professional positions, one of which was the

superintendent

• 1930 2 professional positions in addition to the superintendent and six clerical and statistical assistants.

• 1940 16 professional positions in addition to the superintendent, 9 in vocational education and 4 in vocational rehabilitation

• 1950 20 professional positions and 38 clerical assistants in general education; 6 professional employees and 4 clerical assistants in general education, 6 professional employees and 4 clerical assistants in the education of physically handicapped, 12 professional and 12 clerical positions in vocational education, and 17 professional and 13 clerical in vocational rehabilitation.

• Current 267 employees and 87 temporary employees plus the 24 hour teaching and supervisory staff of the School for the Deaf organized in four units: Finance and Administration; Assessment and Information; Student Learning and Partnerships; and Educational Innovation and Improvement

Local Control vs. Consolidation

• 1937-38 2114 School Districts in Oregon

• 2010-11 197 School Districts and 20 Education Service Districts in Oregon

Oregon Constitution, 1991Article IXSection 11b. Property tax categories; limitation on categories; exceptions. (1) During and after

the fiscal year 1991-92, taxes imposed upon any property shall be separated into two categories: One which dedicates revenues raised specifically to fund the public school system and one which dedicates revenues raised to fund government operations other than the public school system. The taxes in each category shall be limited as set forth in the table which follows and these limits shall apply whether the taxes imposed on property are calculated on the basis of the value of that property or on some other basis:

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TAXESFor Each $1000.00 of Property’s Real Market Value

Fiscal Year                   School System            Other than Schools

1991-1992              $15.00                         $10.001992-1993                 $12.50                         $10.001993-1994                 $10.00                         $10.001994-1995                  $ 7.50                         $10.001995-1996                   $ 5.00                         $10.00

and thereafter

Oregon Constitution, 1997

  Article XI    Section 11. Property tax limitations on assessed value and rate of tax; exceptions. (1)(a) For the tax year beginning July 1, 1997, each unit of property in this state shall have a maximum assessed value for ad valorem property tax purposes that does not exceed the property’s real market value for the tax year beginning July 1, 1995, reduced by 10 percent.      (b) For tax years beginning after July 1, 1997, the property’s maximum assessed value shall not increase by more than three percent from the previous tax year.

Oregon Constitution, 2000

Article VIII    Section 8. Adequate and Equitable Funding. (1) The Legislative Assembly shall appropriate in each biennium a sum of money sufficient to ensure that the state’s system of public education meets quality goals established by law, and publish a report that either demonstrates the appropriation is sufficient, or identifies the reasons for the insufficiency, its extent, and its impact on the ability of the state’s system of public education to meet those goals.      (2) Consistent with such legal obligation as it may have to maintain substantial equity in state funding, the Legislative Assembly shall establish a system of Equalization Grants to eligible districts for each year in which the voters of such districts approve local option taxes as described in Article XI, section 11 (4)(a)(B) of this Constitution. The amount of such Grants and eligibility criteria shall be determined by the Legislative Assembly. [Created through initiative petition filed Oct. 22, 1999, and adopted by the people Nov. 7, 2000]

      Note: Added to Article VIII as unnumbered section by initiative petition (Measure No. 1, 2000) adopted by the people Nov. 7, 2000.

Current Oregon System• Shift from locally funded to state funded

system• Dependent primarily on the state income

tax which is the least stable of property, income or consumption taxation

• Local property taxes are capped at $5 per $1000 and growth is capped at 3%

• “Kicker” Law requires that revenue surplus above 2% must be returned to the taxpayer

• Structural Instability

All Education K-12 Education Human Services Public Safety0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Percent Change in State Funding1997-99 to 2009-11

Source: Legislatively Approved Budget

1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10100

105

110

115

120

125

130

135

140

145

150

Oregon Avg Wage of All Workers Teacher Avg Salary

Wage and Compensation GrowthIn

dex

(199

8-99

= 1

00)

1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10100

105

110

115

120

125

130

135

140

145

150

Oregon Avg Wage of All Workers Teacher Avg Salary Teacher Avg Compensation w/o PERS

Wage and Compensation GrowthIn

dex

(199

8-99

= 1

00)

Continued fast growth in health costs

1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10100

105

110

115

120

125

130

135

140

145

150

Oregon Avg Wage of All Workers Teacher Avg SalaryTeacher Avg Compensation Teacher Avg Compensation w/o PERS

Wage and Compensation GrowthIn

dex

(199

8-99

= 1

00) Big Fat PERS Rate Increase

Continued fast growth in health costs

1990-91

1991-92

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11**

$0

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

$7,000

$8,000

$9,000

$10,000

Operating Revenue per Studentof Oregon School Districts

Total

State

Local

Federal

1990-91

1991-92

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11**

$0

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

Inflation-Adjusted Operating Revenue Per StudentUsing Education Sector Price Index

Total

State

Local

Federal

1990-91

1991-92

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11**

$0

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

Inflation-Adjusted Operating Revenue per Weighted StudentUsing Education Sector Price Index

Total

State

Local

Federal

Structure of GovernanceUS Constitution

Oregon LegislatureOregon Revised Statutes

State Board of Education

Oregon Administrative Rules

State Board of Higher Education

Oregon Administrative Rules

Oregon Department of Education

Superintendent of Public Instruction Susan Castillo

Oregon University System

Chancellor George Pernsteiner

Department of Community Colleges and Workforce

DevelopmentCommissioner Cam Preus

197 Local School Boards 4 Regional Campuses

PresidentsWOU, SOU, EOU, OIT

3 Large Campuses Presidents

UO, OSU, PSU20 ESD Boards

17 Community College Presidents

and Boards

House Education Committee

Senate Education and Workforce Development Committee

Ways and Means Committee

Higher Ed Subcommittee

Youth Corrections, Special Schools, Early Childhood, Long Term Care and Treatment

Office of the GovernorGov. John Kitzhaber

Committee Structure

House

• Education • Membership:

Sara Gelser, Co-ChairMatt Wingard, Co-ChairJason Conger, Co-Vice ChairLew Frederick, Co-Vice ChairMichael DembrowJohn E HuffmanBetty KompJulie Parrish

Senate• Education and

Workforce Development • Membership:

Mark Hass, ChairFrank Morse, Vice-ChairSuzanne BonamiciLarry GeorgeChip Shields

How Does a Bill Become Law?

Key Players• Oregon Education Association (OEA)• Confederation of Oregon School Administrators (COSA)• Oregon School Boards Association (OSBA)• Oregon School Employees Association (OSEA)• Oregon University System (OUS)• Chalkboard Project• Stand for Children• Oregon Parent Teacher Association (OPTA)• Northwest Center for Educational Options• Oregon Department of Education (ODE)• Oregon Department of Community Colleges and Workforce

Development (CCWD)

Current Hot Topics• Budget and revised revenue forecast. Approved $5.577B +$100M from

Education Stability Fund; total $5.7B. $1B short of Essential Budget Level.

• SB909-Governor’s restructuring plan—Oregon Investment Board• SB242-Creates the Higher Education Coordinating Commission• SB552/HB2934-Create an appointed State Superintendent of Public

Instruction• SB290 Alter teacher and principal evaluation process-core teacher

standards-multiple performance measures• SB252-collaboration fund to support redesign of professional

development• HB3619 (Feb. 2010) -Support a System for Professional Development

throughout a professional’s career phases• “Florida Bills” teacher evaluation, mandatory retention, relaxed licensure

Questions?