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WorldBank

IN INDIA

THE

I N S I D E

MARCH 2017VOL 15 / NO 5

World Bank CEO visits India 1-5

Pathways to Prosperity – World Bank series 6-10

Development Dialogue: Connecting India’s states with good logistics 11-13

Recent Project approvals & signings 14-15

ICR Update: Karnataka Panchayats Strengthening Project 16-17

New Additions to the Public Information Center 18-27

Contact Information 28

About the photograph: WB CEO Kristalina Georgieva walked through the narrow lanes of Dharavi in Mumbai and interacted with people

Photo credit: Jeetender Sharma

As India takes on a more complex set of challenges to meet its rising

aspirations, the World Bank’s newly appointed Chief Executive

Officer, Kristalina Georgieva came on a visit to India and saw first-hand

how a rapidly urbanizing India is striving to make its cities a better place

for all citizens.

Arriving in Mumbai, India’s largest metropolis, Georgieva saw how an

India that is urbanizing at a pace and scale, which has few parallels in

history, is striving to make its cities a better place for all its citizens.

In Mumbai World Bank CEO travels by local train and visits Dharavi

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The World Bank in India • March 2017122

Travelling in the second class ladies

compartment of a suburban train from

Churchgate to Dadar station, Georgieva got

a sense of the volume of passengers who

use the trains every day, and the challenges

the Railways face in making the system safer,

faster and more efficient.

Mumbai is one of the world’s most densely

populated mega cities and its suburban trains

carry some 8 million passengers a day, almost

equal to the population of Switzerland. From

2002 onwards, a series of two World Bank

supported projects – Mumbai Urban Transport

Project and Mumbai Urban Transport Project

2A – have helped introduce new trains with

higher speeds, better suspension systems,

improved interiors, and a better ventilation

system. The new trains have reduced energy

consumption by 30 percent.

Aboard the ‘local’ – as the suburban trains

are commonly called in Mumbai – Georgieva

met women commuters who appreciated

these improvements but wanted more to be

done to make the trains safer.

“To meet the aspirations of Mumbaikars,

some of whom I met during my visit, the city

will have to make massive investments in

transport infrastructure. These investments

will enable commuters to access more

comfortable, safer and efficient services,”

Georgieva said. “The Bank is committed to

support the government’s efforts in this area

– through investments that strengthen the

government’s capacity to leverage additional

funds, including those from the private

sector.”

The World Bank in India • March 2017 12 3

A walk through DharaviAlighting at Dadar station, Georgieva walked

through the narrow alleys of Dharavi, said to

be one of Asia’s largest slums and the world’s

third largest informal settlement.

Dharavi teems with almost a million people

who have flocked to the city from all corners

of the country, and now live and work in a

tightly packed melting pot spread across

just two square kilometers in the heart of the

city. The migrants’ drive and hard work has

created a beehive of micro enterprises that

pull in an estimated annual turnover of over

US$1 billion.

In Dharavi’s dense warren of homes and

workshops, where slippers are lined up

neatly outside doorways, Georgieva saw the

challenges of urban service delivery in a city

where one-third of the residents live in slums.

She visited a government-run school where

more than 5,000 children – almost half of

whom are girls - are taught in five Indian

languages to meet the needs of diverse

communities. The school, still called the

Dharavi Transit Camp School after its origin

as a school for migrant children, is part of the

Sarva Siksha Abhiyan – India’s Education for

All program - supported by the World Bank.

“Here, in the middle of this congested area,

it is most impressive to see that everybody

wants the school to be the best place. Why?

Because the parents take pride in what their

kids are going to achieve in life, and the

children are motivated to study,” Georgieva

said.


“ I am very humbled that we from the World Bank can be partners with Mumbai as the city gets more prosperous. The future for you is bright and our commitment to be part of it has got stronger today”.Kristalina Georgieva World Bank CEO

4

The World Bank in India • March 2017 12

Reaching the most vulnerableThe school has a separate classroom

where children with special needs are given

individual attention and mainstreamed into

regular classes.

Among the school’s 76 children with special

needs is eight-year-old Jigar who used to

walk on all fours because of a locomotor

disorder. Jigar, whose family specially moved

to Mumbai from their village home near Bhuj,

Gujarat to seek help for their young son, can

now walk on his feet and eat by himself. “The

teachers at the school have made all the

difference,” says his visibly relieved mother,

Mayya.

Umesh Khillari, the special education teacher,

who teaches the children with various

5

disabilities, including those with cerebral

palsy, autism, Down’s syndrome, visual,

hearing and speech impairment etc. says he

used to see a lot of aggression among the

children “but they are better now”.

Khillari, who hails from Maharastra’s Latur

district, trained in special education after

being moved by the plight of children with

similar needs in his home village.

Meeting with the children, parents and

teachers, Georgieva said, “I am very happy to

see how even in a difficult informal settlement,

the government has moved towards inclusion

by delivering services to the most vulnerable.”

“I am very humbled that we from the World

Bank can be partners with Mumbai as the

city gets more prosperous. The future for you

is bright and our commitment to be part of it

has got stronger today,” Geogieva add.


Over the past decade, India witnessed

widespread economic growth as well

as faster and more widespread poverty

reduction[1]. However, some states did not

benefit as much as others. The seven ‘low-

income states’ (LIS) in particular, comprising

Pathways to Prosperity

Tackling poverty in India: The low income, low growth trap

While India’s economy has grown more rapidly in recent decades, the gains have been unevenly spread, and some regions have fallen further behind the rest of the country. In particular, India’s seven ‘low-income’ states have struggled to shake off the legacy of high consumption poverty, low per capita incomes, poor human development outcomes and the persistence of poverty among tribal populations. Addressing this geographical dimension of poverty and well-being will hold the key to improving the lives of millions of Indians, say Urmila Chatterjee, Economist, World Bank and Swati Puri, Consultant, World Bank.

of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya

Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan and Uttar

Pradesh, continue to lag behind the rest of

the country[2]. With the exception of Bihar

and Rajasthan, all LIS have grown at a slower

pace than other states after 2005. Poverty

6


reduction has also not been as responsive

to economic growth as in the other states.

In other words, economic growth in the LIS

has been less inclusive than in India as a

whole.

Admittedly, these states did experience

greater absolute reductions in poverty after

2005. However, measuring catch-up using

absolute changes can be misleading, given

that initial levels of poverty and per capita

incomes differed vastly across states. In

relative terms, both growth and poverty

reduction diverged across India’s states

after 2005 (figure 2).

As a result, today, the LIS as a group – with

Rajasthan as the exception – have a poverty

rate that is twice that of other states. They

are also home to a disproportionate share of

India’s poor; in 2012 the LIS accounted for

45 percent of India’s population but nearly

62 percent of its poor. In fact, 44 percent of

India’s poor – or over a 100 million people –

live in three states alone: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar

and Madhya Pradesh (figure 3).

Population below poverty line in India

Figure 1:

Low Income States (LIS) Other states considered for analysis

Bihar Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra

Chhattisgarh Assam Punjab

Jharkhand Haryana Tamil Nadu

Madhya Pradesh Gujarat Uttarakhand

Odisha Himachal Pradesh West Bengal

Rajasthan Karnataka

Uttar Pradesh Kerala

Source: World Bank staff calculations based on the National Sample Surveys and Central Statistical Office data.

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Divergence in growth and poverty reduction in India after 2005

Figure 2:







Rajasthan Karnataka



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Low poverty, declining fast

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Beyond monetary measures of well-being,

the LIS perform poorly in providing their

people with access to basic services and

infrastructure. They have the highest rates of

open defecation in the country. Close to 60

percent or more of households in these states

practice open defecation compared to the

national average of 44 percent.

Access to drinking water and electricity within

the homes of their people continues to be

a distant dream for many. More specifically,

in Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand and

Madhya Pradesh only about a third of

households have access to drinking water

within their homes. As for electricity, only

a third of households in Bihar report using

electricity, while Uttar Pradesh performs

somewhat better with half their households

doing so.

While the LIS are by no means alone in

facing persistent barriers to human capital

development, the challenges that confront

them are particularly acute. Residents of

these states spend fewer years in school, as

evidenced by their low rates of secondary

school completion. Moreover, working adults

are far less likely to have salaried jobs -

the jobs that bring more secure terms of

employment. In addition, the rates of infant

and maternal mortality in these states are

amongst the highest in the country. And,

while child malnutrition is high and often

Figure 3:







Rajasthan Karnataka



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A disproportionate share of India’s poor live in the Low-Income states

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Bubble size: Number of poor (in millions)


endemic even in the more prosperous parts

of the country, the malnutrition levels in some

LIS are far worse than the national average.

Alarmingly, in Jharkhand, Bihar and Uttar

Pradesh close to half of all children under the

age of 5 are ‘stunted’.

Within the LIS too, poverty and deprivation

follow distinct geographic and ethnic patterns.

Typically, members of the scheduled castes

and scheduled tribes living in the LIS are

less well-off than those in other states, both

in monetary terms as well as in access to

basic services, education and salaried jobs.

In fact, clearly distinguishable geographic

clusters that have the highest rates of poverty

within the LIS are often places with a high

concentration of scheduled tribes. This

suggests that social exclusion is closely

intertwined with geography in India.

Accelerating progress in the LIS will be

critical to sustain India’s story of positive

growth and poverty reduction. For this,

targeted efforts will be needed to release

these states from the twin traps of ‘low

income-low growth’ and ‘high poverty-slow

poverty decline’. The fact that some LIS

have been successful on a few important

fronts suggests that this can indeed be done.

Notably, Rajasthan has managed to separate

itself from the low-income group. The state’s

growth has not only been higher than the

LIS as a whole, its pace of poverty decline

has been at par with more prosperous states

such as Haryana and Maharashtra. Job

creation in some LIS has also been faster

than in a few better-off states. For instance,

after 2005, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Uttar

Pradesh and Odisha created jobs at a faster

pace than richer states like Gujarat, Andhra

Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Replicating such

successes and spreading prosperity more

widely will be key to improving the well-being

of the people of these states, as well as of

the development of the country at large.

1 This article focuses on the period 2005 to 2012,

the most recent period for which poverty and living

standards data is available for India.

2 The seven ‘low-income states’ selected as in the

World Bank India — Country Partnership Strategy,

2013-17.

This blog was originally published in the

Indian Express on 7th June, 2016

(Change background colour as needed)


To reap the full benefits of GST on inter-state trade, both hard and soft logistics infrastructure need to improve, says Sebastian Saez, Lead Economist and Arnab Bandyopadhyay, Lead Transport Specialist at the World Bank in New Delhi

The world over, poor logistics often means

poor trade. In other words, how efficiently

countries trade defines how they grow and

compete in the global economy. For India,

good logistics will also play a critical role in

the success of the “Make in India” initiative,

enable small-scale producers to access

newer markets, and allow farmers to benefit

from the timely uptake of perishable produce.

India has already taken a major step forward

in this direction. When it is rolled out, the

goods and services tax (GST) will help

integrate this vast and diverse country,

transform it into one common market,

eliminate inefficient taxation, and go a long

way in boosting the manufacturing sector.

But much more can be done. Logistics is a

series of services and activities that constitute

supply chains—such as transportation,

warehousing, brokerages and so on. Although

these activities are essentially carried out by

private firms, their efficiency depends upon

public infrastructure. This includes both

“hard” or physical infrastructure as well as

“soft” or institutional infrastructure such as

systems, procedures and regulations. Trucks,

for instance, use publicly funded roads

and highways, while international trade is

subject to the procedures followed by border

agencies.

Logistic activities are also regulated from the

fiscal, environmental, safety, land use and

competition perspectives. In large economies

such as India, responsibilities for both hard

and soft infrastructure are shared by a

number of central and state agencies.

Some estimates suggest that logistics costs

in India amounted to a sizeable 14% of gross

domestic product (GDP) in 2014. It is also

suggested that inefficient logistics chip off a

11

Connecting India’s states with good logistics

Development Dialogue


whopping $45 billion from India’s economic

output, or about 2% of the country’s GDP.

Higher global rankingSo, have India’s recent efforts to improve its

global logistics ranking borne fruit? On this,

there is good news.

The World Bank’s 2016 Logistics Performance

Index (LPI), which ranks 160 countries every

two years, found that India moved up to

35th place internationally, compared to 54

in 2014. In other words, within two years,

India had improved its logistics performance

significantly. Globally, Germany stood first for

the third time running, while China stood at

27, South Africa at 20, and Russia at 99.

The World Bank’s LPI found that when

compared to other countries, including other

nations of the Brazil-Russia-India-South Africa

grouping, the Indian operators surveyed were

especially positive regarding improvements in

areas such as the supporting infrastructure for

trade (e.g. ports) and the processing of goods

by customs. These findings should give a

shot in the arm to the government’s efforts to

boost the business environment.

The good news is only partial, however.

For it is not only important to connect

India internationally, but also to improve

connections between India’s states.

A number of studies have focused on this

well-known challenge. One recent study

measured the impact of internal borders on

the country’s economy. It found that delays

at inter-state borders were comparable with

those at international checkpoints in other

parts of the world. Poor inter-state supply

chains not only erode the competitiveness of

the country as a whole, but also prevent the

benefits of better international connectivity

from spreading across the country.

Hard infrastructure being improved

As evidenced in the World Bank’s latest

index, India has made rapid strides in

improving its logistics infrastructure. As for

hard infrastructure, seven new multimodal

freight corridors are on the anvil, and work

on some is well under way. These include

the Western and Eastern Dedicated Freight

Corridors where high-speed trains will run

12


along electrified freight-only tracks from

the hinterland to ports on the western and

eastern coasts.

In the Ganga basin, the eastern rail freight

corridor will link up with the highways, in

addition to the proposed Ganga waterway,

enabling goods to switch seamlessly from

rail to road to barge to ship in an unbroken

continuum. Along the way, 15 logistic parks

will serve as transport and service hubs.

Soft infrastructure too needs attentionOn the equally imperative softer aspects of

logistics, the GST is most certainly a major

step forward. However, to reap the full

benefits of GST on inter-state trade, more

will be needed. Today, a truck on an Indian

highway reportedly covers an average of 250-

300km per day, compared to 450km in Brazil,

and 800km in the US.

Studies have found that for up to 60% of

journey time, the truck is not moving at all—a

large part of that time is spent at checkpoints

getting tax and customs clearances. These

difficulties can have a substantial impact

on freight routes: For example, exporters

from manufacturing hubs like Tirupur and

Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu report diverting their

shipments by several hundred kilometres just

to avoid the Tamil Nadu-Kerala border.

A start could therefore be made by removing

unnecessary delays at inter-state checkposts.

Many national, state and international

organizations dealing with a range of issues,

including shipping, commerce, finance, and

transportation, have recommended a series

of measures to improve the situation.

The World Bank’s LPI report too provides a

number of examples from countries that have

implemented logistics reforms successfully.

Some of these examples may be relevant

for India. For instance, it will be important to

monitor the performance of domestic supply

chains to inform policymaking, and conduct

a public-private dialogue on the issue.

Such efforts will help determine the best

way forward and contribute to the country’s

emergence as a rising global manufacturing

power.

This article was originally published in the

Mint newspaper on 22 January, 2017



The World Bank Board has approved a

US$100 million credit for the Uttarakhand

Health Systems Development Project to

improve access to and quality of health care

services in Uttarakhand, a mountain state

richly endowed with natural resources.

A key focus of the Project is to stimulate and

finance innovative engagement with private

health care providers, expand their role in

meeting the unmet health access needs

of the state’s population and strengthen

health facilities and their accountability to

service delivery through better managerial

capacity of state health directorates,

improved information systems, and a focus

on monitoring and research. The Project

also aims to reduce financial risk and make

affordable, quality health care available to all

citizens of the state.

While the Project will benefit all 13 districts

of the state, a special focus will be on

improving access to quality health services

for geographically dispersed and remote

populations in the state.

The Government of India and the World

Bank have signed a US$ 201.50 million

credit agreement to enhance the quality

and equity of engineering education across

several focus states in India.

Technical Education Quality Improvement

Project (TEQIP III) is the third phase of an

envisioned 15-20 year phased program

initiated with the first phase of TEQIP

from 2002 to 2009. TEQIP III builds on the

significant results achieved in the two phases

of the project which together supported

over 250 engineering institutes such as NIT

Surathkal, College of Engineering Pune,

Recent Project Signings

Technical Education Quality Improvement Project

14

Recent Project Approvals

Uttarakhand Health Systems Development Project

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University

Hyderabad, and BIT Mesra. It has made

a considerable impact on the quality of

education by implementing institutional

and policy reforms focusing on institutional

autonomy and accountability.

TEQIP III will support approximately 200

engineering education institutes across

India to produce higher quality and more

employable engineers. The focus of the

project is to strengthen engineering education

in India’s low-income, hill states and states of

the North East.



The agreement for the project was signed

by Raj Kumar, Joint Secretary, Department

of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance,

on behalf of the Government of India; L.

Watikala, Principal Director, Department of

Health and Family Welfare, Government of

Nagaland; and Genevieve Connors, Program

Leader, World Bank India, on behalf of the

World Bank.

health systems. This will include capacity-

building and results-based financing

for village health committees, who are

responsible for local health services, as well

as enhance the knowledge and awareness

of their communities.

The Project will invest in improving health

services in 177 facilities, including through

water and sanitation and off-grid electricity

backup. The Project will strengthen statewide

health system components, including

information, procurement and supply

chain management, and human resource

management systems.

Nagaland Health Project

The Government of India, the Government

of Nagaland and the World Bank have

signed a US$ 48 million credit agreement to

improve the quality of health care services in

the north eastern state of Nagaland.

The agreement for the Project was signed

by Raj Kumar, Joint Secretary, Department

of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, on

behalf of the Government of India; and Junaid

Ahmad, Country Director, World Bank India,

on behalf of the World Bank.

The Project will empower village health

committees to deliver better health service

across the state and strengthen existing




Context

Karnataka has a long history of active rural

local governments. In October 2004, the

state government mandated its line agencies

to transfer to the panchayats activities which

had been devolved to them. This required

international organizations, including the

World Bank, to implement its projects

through the panchayat system.

Project Development Objectives

The objective of the Project was to improve

the effectiveness of service delivery by

Karnataka gram panchayats particularly

with respect to the management of public

resources and the delivery of relevant

services prioritized by the rural people.

Achievements

The Project successfully facilitated improved

access to basic services through its

activities. It enabled the construction of more

Karnataka Panchayats Strengthening

Project

Approval Date: 29 June, 2006

Closing Date: 30 March, 2014

Total Project Cost US$ 133 million

Bank Financing: US$ 120 million

Implementing Agency:

Rural Development and Panchayati Raj, Government of Karnataka

Outcome: Moderately Satisfactory

Risk to Development Outcome:

Substantial

Overall Bank Performance:

Moderately Satisfactory

Overall Borrower Performance:

Moderately Satisfactory

This is a short summary of the Implementation Completion Report (ICR) of a recently- closed World Bank project. The full text of the ICR is available on the Bank’s website.

To access this document, go to www.worldbank.org/reference/ and then opt for the Documents & Reports section.

ICR Update

Karnataka Panchayats Strengthening Project

16


The Project also contributed to the roll-out

of a software – ‘Panchatantra’ – to help GPs

improve their financial management. The

Project was instrumental in strengthening

Panchatantra implementation by, among

other things, providing one desktop computer

and MS office software to each of the 5,629

GPs in Karnataka.

Lessons Learnt

● It is critical to fully understand the political

economy of decentralization and to find

measures to mitigate such risks. To ensure

success, a strong policy framework and

enabling environment for decentralization

is necessary.

● It is important to have a robust baseline

and impact evaluation framework at the

beginning of the project. The absence of

baseline in certain areas during the initial

stages of the Project posed challenges for

measuring progress. Moreover, a flexible

and responsive management information

system, to regularly track results on the

ground and facilitate course corrections,

was lacking in this Project and could be

adopted in future projects.

● It is important to have a performance

assessment system that is also realistically

tailored to the existing capacities of GPs

in the ‘backward’ areas. During the initial

stages of the Project most of the GPs

lacked the necessary capacities to adhere

to the standards, in addition to limited

skills to compile relevant information.

Therefore, future projects should have a

simple system driven by certain Minimum

Mandatory Conditions and intermediate

indicators which are dynamic in line with

the improving capacities of the GPs.

● It is important to ensure that the GP plans

and their implementation sufficiently reflect

changing community preferences and the

interests of the more excluded groups.

This could be achieved through ensuring

that the planning process is periodically

updated to reflect changing preferences;

and, providing targeted capacity support

to typically marginalized groups. In a

number of cases, it was found that if

such a planning process is not robust

and inclusive, the incentives for people to

participate in the Gram Sabha are likely to

decline over time.


17

than 25,000 roads, 8,029 drainage lines,

1,652 community toilets, 2,947 drinking

water facilities, 1,537 anganwadi buildings

and a number of other assets which were

essential to address the infrastructural gaps

in the communities.

By the end of the Project, there was a 72

percent increase (against a target of 60

percent) in the number of gram and ward

sabhas held. In fact, under this Project,

almost all gram panchayats (GPs) in the

state conducted their first ever ward sabha.

Women’s participation in Gram Sabha

meetings increased by 33 percent and an

almost 21 percent increase in membership

of schedule caste and tribe households was

seen in such meetings between 2006-07 and

2011-12.

The GPs were gradually able to increase their

own sources of revenue which contributed

to stronger financial health of village

governments. It is worth noting that ‘own

source revenue collection’ in Project GPs

grew at an annual average rate of 22.69

percent from 2006-07 to 2012-13, compared

to the state average of 12.72 percent.

The Project also achieved 100 percent

disbursement of block grants to poorer

panchayats by the end of the Project and

almost 95 percent of the panchayat budgets

were executed according to stipulated plans

and procedures.

In the spirit of transparency, GP revenues,

expenditures, and procurement decisions

were publicly disclosed by almost 94 percent

of the GPs. The government’s completion

report indicated that 179,887 people were

trained (representing 79 percent of the target),

which can be seen as substantive progress.


WPS 7966

Toward labor market policy 2.0: The potential for

using online job-portal big data to inform labor

market policies in India

By Shinsaku Nomura, Saori Imaizumi, Ana Carolina

Areias and Futoshi Yamauchi

This paper examines how online job-portal data can be

used as a basis for policy-relevant research in the fields

of labor economics and workforce skills development,

through an empirical analysis of information generated

by Babajob, an online Indian job portal. The analysis

highlights areas where online job-portal data can

contribute to the development of labor market policies

and analytical knowledge.

The analysis also provides a unique case study on labor

market data analytics in a developing-country context

in South Asia.

The report also examines the potential for using big

data to improve the design and implementation of labor

market policies and promote demand-driven skills

development.

WPS7929

Caste system

By Karla Hoff

In standard economics, individuals are rational actors

and economic forces undermine institutions that

impose large inefficiencies. The persistence of the caste

system is evidence of the need for psychologically

more realistic models of decision-making in economics.

The caste system divides South Asian society into

hereditary groups whose lowest ranks are represented

as innately polluted. After the historical encounter

between colonial powers and South Asia, caste became

capable of expressing and systematizing what had

been diverse forms of social identity, community, and

organization.

This paper reviews work that estimates the economic

costs of the caste system in particular environments.

18

Publications may be consulted and copies

of unpriced items obtained from:

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The Hindustan Times House (Press Block)

18-20, Kasturba Gandhi Marg

New Delhi – 110 001, India

Tel: +91-11-4294 7000, Ext. 753

Website: www.worldbank.org

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Email: [email protected]

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This is a select listing of recent World Bank publications, working papers, operational documents and other information resources that are now available at the New Delhi Office

Public Information Center. Policy Research Working Papers, Project Appraisal Documents, Project Information Documents and other reports can be downloaded in pdf format from ‘Documents and Reports’ at www.worldbank.org

New Additions to the Public Information Center

India: Policy Research Working Papers


The Sunken Billions Revisited Progress and

Challenges in Global Marine Fisheries

By World Bank

Available On-line

Published: February 2017

Pages: 114

ISBN: 978-1-4648-0919-4

e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-0947-7

Directions in Development

This report updates previous

studies that measured

in economic terms the

extent of biological losses

attributable to overfishing globally. The new estimates

assess these ‘sunken billions’ at $83 billion annually. The

report further shows that a clear path can lead to the

recovery of these considerable losses, including through

significant reduction in global fishing overcapacity. A

breakdown between regions is also included, showing

that the effort needed to achieve this reform will not be

felt equally throughout the world. While the cost of such

reform will likely be high, the expected benefits include

an increase in biomass by a factor of 2.7, increase in

annual harvests by 13 percent, and a 30-fold increase in

annual net benefits accrued to the fisheries sector (from

$3 billion to $86 billion annually). This urgent call for

action is reinforced by the impacts of climate change on

fish stocks and fisheries worldwide.

World Development Report 2017: Governance and

the Law

By World Bank

Available On-line

Published: January 2017

Pages: 304

ISBN: 978-1-4648-0950-7

e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-0951-4

SKU: 210950

Policy making and policy

implementation do not

occur in a vacuum. Rather,

they take place in complex political and social settings,

in which individuals and groups with unequal power

interact within changing rules as they pursue conflicting

interests.

The process of these interactions is what this Report

calls governance, and the space in which these

interactions take place, the policy arena. The capacity of

actors to commit and their willingness to cooperate and

coordinate to achieve socially desirable goals are what

matter for effectiveness. However, who bargains, who

is excluded, and what barriers block entry to the policy

arena determine the selection and implementation of

policies and, consequently, their impact on development

outcomes.

This Report reveals that governance can mitigate, even

overcome, power asymmetries to bring about more

effective policy interventions that achieve sustainable

improvements in security, growth, and equity.

Getting the Full Picture on Public Officials: A How-to

Guide for Effective Financial Disclosure

By Ivana Maria Rossi,

Laura Pop and Tammar

Berger

Available On-line


Pages: 146

ISBN: 978-1-4648-0953-8

e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-0957-6

StAR Initiative

Financial disclosure systems

19

WPS7923

Understanding India’s urban frontier: What is behind

the emergence of census towns in India?

By Partha Mukhopadhyay, Marie-Helene Zerah, Gopa

Samanta and Augustin Maria

This paper presents the results of an investigation

of selected census towns in northern India. Census

towns are settlements that India’s census classifies as

urban although they continue to be governed as rural

settlements.

The 2011 census featured a remarkable increase in the

number of census towns, which nearly tripled between

2001 and 2011, from 1,362 to 3,894. This increase

contributed to nearly a third (29.5 percent) of the total

increase in the urban population during this period. Only

part of this evolution can be attributed to the gradual

urbanization of settlements in the vicinity or larger

towns. Instead, the majority of census towns appear as

small “market towns,” providing trade and other local

services to a growing rural market. The case studies of

representative census towns in Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa,

and West Bengal show the role of increased connectivity

and growing rural incomes in driving the demand for

the small-scale and non-tradable services, which are

the main sources of nonfarm employment in these

settlements.

The case studies also reveal that the trade-offs between

urban and rural administrative statuses are actively

debated in many of these settlements. Although

statistical comparisons do not show a significant impact

of urban or rural administrative status on access to basic

services, urban status is often favored by the social

groups involved in the growing commercial and services

sectors, and resisted by the residents still involved in the

traditional farming sectors.

Other Publications


are a vital component of transparency. By now 161

countries around the world have introduced financial

disclosure systems, becoming commonplace around the

world. But, although the rules are on the books, many

practitioners are still struggling with the intricacies of the

rules and how to implement them in the socioeconomic,

historical, and legal context of their own country. Little

guidance is available to assist them. This book provides

practitioners with practical scenarios to consider before

deciding on a particular course of action.

The Little Data Book on Information and

Communication Technology 2017

By World Bank

Available On-line


Pages: 246

ISBN: 978-1-4648-1028-2

e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-1029-9

Since the late 1990s access to

information and communication

technologies (ICTs) has seen

tremendous growth-driven primarily

by the wireless technologies and liberalization of

telecommunications markets. Mobile communications

have evolved from simple voice and text services

to diversified innovative applications and mobile

broadband Internet. In 2016, there were more than

7.3 billion mobile–cellular subscriptions worldwide.

Globally, 3.5 billion people were using the Internet,

of which 2.5 billion were from developing countries.

Mobile-broadband subscriptions have risen constantly

to reach 3.6 billion, while the number of fixed-broadband

subscriptions reached more than 884 million during the

same period.

This book illustrates the progress of this revolution

for 217 economies around the world. It provides

comparable statistics on the sector for 2005 and 2015

across a range of indicators, enabling readers to readily

compare economies.

Political Economy Analysis for Transboundary Water

Resources Management in Africa: Practical Guidance

By World Bank Group

Available On-line


Directions in Development

This book introduces key

concepts and variables

for the transboundary

water context. It provides

practical advice to help

water resource management

specialists carry out strong, operationally relevant

analysis that contributes to new ways of thinking and

working, and ultimately to achieving better results. The

note draws on the numerous frameworks that have been

developed and the many lessons learned about how to

design and implement politically sensitive programming.

Importantly, while political economy assessments

provide insights into the non-technical drivers of

decision-making, they rely on a sound understanding of

the technical bottlenecks that need to be resolved, as

well as the economic and social costs and benefits of a

given intervention.

Road Freight Transport Services Reform: Guiding

Principles for Practitioners and Policy Makers

By World Bank and IRU

Available On-line

Published: December 2016

Cost-effective and high

quality transport systems

are key to modern logistics.

Their role can only be

expected to grow even

as the global economy

goes through profound

transformation in terms of how, where and when goods

are produced or distributed. Consumer expectations

and production requirements increasingly require that

transport operators provide high-quality services that

are also safe and affordable for their clients. However,

in many countries logistics performance remains too

low to effectively contribute to economic and social

development. This is the challenge that this Guide

seeks to meet, to offer paths to reforming the sector

and making it suited to the needs of a highly connected

world.

Mental Health Among Displaced People and

Refugees: Making the Case for Action at the World

Bank Group

By Patricio V. Marquez

Available On-line

Published: December 2016

As documented in a recent

World Bank report, about 65

million people – one percent

of the world’s population –

live in forced displacement

and extreme poverty. In

contrast to economic

migrants, who move in search of better opportunities,

and to persons affected by natural disasters, the forcibly

displaced are fleeing conflict and violence.

The refugee influx can quickly overwhelm existing

capacities, including health, housing, educational,

and social welfare systems and services. Inflows of

displaced people can cause social and economic

20


challenges and disruptions to host communities.

However, refugees can also bring skills, expertise,

and labor that can benefit communities in the longer

term. The international community can act to reduce

vulnerabilities among the forcibly displaced during a

crisis and then help them rebuild their lives. This requires

action to support economic activity, job creation, and

social cohesion, as well as to strengthen and expand

essential services.

21

India Project Documents

Orissa State Roads Project

Date 17 February 2017

Project ID P096023

Report No. ICR3903 (Implementation Completion

and Results Report)

2nd Kerala Rural Water Supply and Sanitation

Project

Date 31 January 2017

Project ID P121774

Report No. STEP910 (Procurement Plan)

40495 (Procurement plan – 2007-2008

phase VII upgrade Jhalawar)

Andhra Pradesh and Telangana State Community-

Based Tank Management Project


Project ID P100789

Report No. ICR3860 (Implementation Completion

and Results Report)

Bihar Transformative Development Project


Project ID P159576


Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening

Project


Project ID P118826

Report No. STEP909, STEP885, STEP816

(Procurement Plan)

Capacity Augmentation of the National Waterway – 1


Project ID P148775

Report No. STEP821, STEP803, STEP 802

(Procurement Plan)

Amaravati Sustainable Capital City Development

Project


Project ID P071250

Report No. STEP1033, STEP919, STEP828,

STEP827, STEP786 (Procurement

Plan)

Andhra Pradesh Rural Inclusive Growth Project


Project ID P152210


Himachal Pradesh Public Financial Management

Capacity Building


Project ID P156687

Report No. 12710 (Environmental Assessment)

PIDA103870 (Program Information

Document)

Assam State Roads Project

Date 29 December 2017

Project ID P096018

Report No. STEP924, STEP736 (Procurement

Plan)

Second Kerala State Transport Project


Project ID P130339


Assam State Public Finance Institutional Reforms

(Aspire) Project


Project ID P157198


STEP650 (Procurement Plan)


Assam Agribusiness and Rural Transformation

Project


Project ID P155617

Report No. STEP818, STEP740 (Procurement

Plan)

SFG724 (Environmental Assessment)

Bihar Kosi Basin Development Project


Project ID P127725


STEP792, STEP787, STEP609

(Procurement Plan)

Andhra Pradesh Disaster Recovery Project


Project ID P154847


STEP765, STEP764, STEP671,

STEP610, STEP602 (Procurement

Plan)

Ecosystems Service Improvement Project – P133803


Project ID P133803

Report No. SFG3043 (Indigenous Peoples Plan),

SFG3042, SFG3037, SFG3036

(Environmental Assessment)

PIDA100822 (Program Information

Document)

22

How Can South Asia’s Youth Plug into Digital Jobs

of the Future?

By Anna O’ Donnell and Siddhartha Raja

From the Blogworld

Over the past several years, innovations in

information and communication technologies

have fundamentally changed the nature of work.

This has created new opportunities in digital

employment for workers and employers in South Asia

and beyond.

So what are the pathways to this new employment?

During a recent Facebook live chat on digital jobs, we

explored three themes. First, we discussed where the

digital jobs of the future are. Second, we discussed

how South Asia is uniquely positioned to benefit from

the growth of these jobs. And finally, we discussed

how to get started in the digital economy by finding

relevant training and learning opportunities.

Read More: https://tinyurl.com/h6hfcko

How protein deficiencies impact the health of

communities in India

By Parvati Singh

The state of Madhya Pradesh in India is largely

vegetarian with limited consumption of eggs and

meat.

While these dietary preferences are commonplace

in other Indian states, Madhya Pradesh is facing a

protein deficiency epidemic which threatens the long

term health of its population.

How did it get there?

In 2015, I spent five weeks in rural and tribal areas

of Madhya Pradesh evaluating the World Bank’s

Madhya Pradesh District Poverty Intervention Project

(MPDPIP II), with the support of the South Asia Food

and Nutrition Security Initiative (SAFANSI)

Across the 8 districts I visited, families shared how

they had improved their agricultural productivity,



From the Blogworld

started backyard kitchen gardening, and

supplemented their income through dairy and poultry

farming, collective procurement and small scale

enterprises.

As I examined local village level health records,

Anganwadi Center (AWC) registers, Auxiliary Nurse

and Midwife (ANM) registers and Primary Health

Center (PHC) documents, I noticed a reduction

in severe malnutrition and severe anemia among

pregnant women and under 5-year-old children.

However, this decrease did not extend to moderate

or mild malnutrition and anemia.

Read more: https://tinyurl.com/zhnnfwf

Traffic jams, pollution, road crashes: Can

technology end the woes of urban transport?

By Shomik Mehndiratta and Tatiana Peralta Quiros

Will technology be the savior of urban

mobility?

Urbanization and rising incomes have been driving

rapid motorization across Asia, Africa, and Latin

America. While cities are currently home to 50

percent of the global population, that proportion

is expected to increase to 70 percent by 2050. At

the same time, business-as-usual trends suggest

we could see an additional 1 billon cars by 2050,

most of which will have to squeeze into the already

crowded streets of Indian, Chinese, and African

cities.

If no action is taken, these cars threaten literally to

choke tomorrow’s cities, bringing with them a host

of negative consequences that would seriously

undermine the overall benefits of urbanization:

lowered productivity from constant congestion; local

pollution and rising carbon emissions; road traffic

deaths and injuries; rising inequity and social division.

However, after a century of relatively small

incremental progress, disruptive changes in

the world of automotive technology could have

fundamental implications for sustainability.

What are these megatrends, and how can they

reshape the future of urban mobility?

Read more: https://tinyurl.com/j9a9d6d

Building institutional capacity for rural sanitation:

India’s Uttar Pradesh State

By Mariappa Kullappa

Uttar Pradesh (UP), India’s most populous state

with about 200 million people, has historically

not performed well on sanitation. According to census

figures from 2001 and 2011, the proportion of rural

UP dwellers with a toilet increased slightly during the

first decade of this century. However, the population

grew as well, meaning that, overall, 13 million more

people were defecating in the open in 2011.

Factors which have held back UP’s progress

on sanitation include poverty, absence of a

robust sanitation strategy, and lack of focus and

determination from decision-makers.

Recently, however, things seem to be changing. The

latest government data show that, in the space of just

over a year, toilet coverage amongst rural households

in UP has increased from 35 to 45 percent. In just

one year, the number of Gram Panchayats — a unit

of local government — that declared themselves free

of open defecation has risen from just 10 to 2,197,

covering a total 4,336 villages. Two of the state’s 75

districts are expecting to be entirely open defecation

by March 2017.

Some caution is needed in interpreting figures on

toilet coverage. Research conducted in 2015-2016

shows that only half of rural UP households with a

toilet use it all the time. Women are more likely to use

it. In fact, men are twice as likely to defecate in the

open, despite access to a toilet. However, it is clear

that behavior is changing.




From the Blogworld

What explains this rapid progress?

Riding on a wave of increasing political will and a

strong commitment by the local administration, the

key seems to be combining limited technical support

at the district level with building institutional capacity

at state level. Investment was made in a handful

of districts which acted as “first movers” which

generated learning, demonstrated the potential, and

that built confidence among state-level stakeholders,

accelerating wider progress.

Read more: http://tinyurl.com/jzrmtk8

Scaling innovation for climate change

By Jonathan Coony

We were standing at ground zero in the fight

against climate change, looking at a still body

of water and talking. Our group was gathered along

the edges of a “farm pond,” a technique used by

farmers to enhance agricultural resilience to climate

change, which often impacts countries through

crippling droughts. A farmer demonstrated the

measures he had taken to protect his livelihood from

the extreme weather events that were increasingly

common in his region.

In recent years, droughts had devastated the Indian

state of Maharashtra. While this year’s monsoon

brought much-needed rain, low rainfall in previous

years caused production to plummet, the economy

to slow, and even resulted in a wave of farmer

suicides.

The good news is that solutions do exist for these

drought-afflicted farmers and the millions of people

whose lives are increasingly at risk from weather

patterns that are unfamiliar, bizarre, and, at worst,

life-threatening.

New techniques and technologies for climate-smart

agriculture have already shown great potential and

impact. These include farm ponds, micro irrigation,

drought-resistant seeds, solar pumping, shade

netting, and even a few cutting-edge concepts I

learned about during my trip, such as remote sensing

and drones.

Beyond agriculture, other climate-related sectors

have seen a similar surge of innovation. From the

clean energy sector with advances in solar power

and battery storage to the water sector.

It is likely that even more innovative technologies

will arise from labs across the world in coming years.

Initiatives like Mission Innovation, in which more than

20 major countries plan to double R&D spending

on clean energy, will only increase the speed of the

ongoing clean technology revolution.

So, if climate solutions exist and climate threats are

dire, why aren’t these solutions being deployed at

scale with the requisite urgency?

Read more: http://tinyurl.com/guzx2qb

Rajasthan tells an unexpected story of stopping

open defecation under Swachh Bharat Mission

By Mathews K Mullackal

Rajasthan has become an unlikely frontrunner in

sanitation. Until recently, it was among Indian

states with the lowest rates of toilet coverage.

With a difficult terrain, scarce water, and low levels

of literacy, the slow pace of progress was not

surprising.

Since 2011, that has changed. The proportion of

people with access to a toilet has more than trebled –

from under 20 percent to nearly 68 percent. Of 9,892

Gram Panchayats, the local level of government in

India, almost a third – 3,545 – has been declared

free of open defecation. That includes all Gram

Panchayats in five of the state’s 33 districts, with

more set to follow. What has gone right?

Read more: http://tinyurl.com/hs3gacy





World Bank Policy Research Working Papers

WPS 7974

Assessing the accuracy of electricity demand

forecasts in developing countries

By Jevgenijs Steinbuks

WPS 7973

Dynamics of child development: Analysis of a

longitudinal cohort in a very low income country

By Emanuela Galasso, Ann Weber and Lia C. H. Fernald

WPS 7972

Are capital flows fickle? Increasingly? And does the

answer still depend on type?

By Barry J. Eichengreen, Poonam Gupta and Oliver

Masetti

WPS 7971

Government guarantees, transparency, and bank risk-

taking

By Tito Cordella, Giovanni Dell’Ariccia and Robert

Marquez

WPS 7970

Recovery from conflict: Lessons of success

By Hannes Felix Mueller, Lavinia Piemontese and

Augustin Tapsoba

WPS 7969

Estimating poverty using cell phone data: Evidence

from Guatemala

By Marco Hernandez, Lingzi Hong, Vanessa Frias-

Martinez and Enrique Frias-Martinez

WPS 7968

Distribution of consumption expenditure in East Asia

By La-Bhus Fah Jirasavetakul and Christoph Lakner

WPS 7967

Foreign banks and trade: Bridging the information

gap?

By Francesca De Nicola and Shawn Weiming Tan

WPS 7966

Toward labor market policy 2.0: The potential for

using online job-portal big data to inform labor market

policies in India

By Shinsaku Nomura, Saori Imaizumi, Ana Carolina

Areias and Futoshi Yamauchi

WPS 7965

Push and pull: A study of international migration from

Nepal

By Maheshwor Shrestha

WPS 7964

Services in the trans-pacific partnership: What would

be lost?

By Batshur Gootiiz and Aaditya Mattoo

WPS 7963

The impact of mass bed net distribution programs on

politics: Evidence from Tanzania

By Kevin Croke

WPS 7962

The global role of the U.S. economy: Linkages, policies

and spillovers

By Ayhan Kose, Csilla Lakatos, Franziska Lieselotte

Ohnsorge and Marc Stocker

WPS 7961

Evaluation of an adolescent development program for

girls in Tanzania

By Niklas Buehren, Markus P. Goldstein, Selim Gulesci

and et.al.

WPS 7960

The impact of mining on spatial inequality: Recent

evidence from Africa

By Tony Addison, Amadou Boly, Anthony Francis

Mveyange

WPS 7959

Personality traits, technology adoption, and technical

efficiency: Evidence from smallholder rice farms in

Ghana

By Daniel Ayalew Ali, Derick Bowen and Klaus W.

Deininger

WPS 7958

The changing structure of Africa’s economies

By Xinshen Diao, Kenneth Harttgen and Margaret S.

Mcmillan

WPS 7957

Impact of oil price fluctuations on financial markets

since 2014

By Ha Minh Nguyen, Huong Nguyen and Anh Pham

WPS 7956

What do teachers know and do? Does it matter?

Evidence from primary schools in Africa

By Tessa Bold, Deon P. Filmer, Gayle Martin, Ezequiel

Molina and et.al.

WPS 7955

Social learning about environmental innovations:

Experimental analysis of adoption timing

By Julian C Jamison, David Owens and Glenn Woroch

WPS 7954

Can solar lanterns improve youth academic

performance? Experimental evidence from Bangladesh

By Yuya Kudo, Abu S. Shonchoy and Kazushi Takahashi

WPS 7953

Firms’ export decisions: Demand trumps financial

shocks

By Francesca De Nicola and Shawn Weiming Tan


WPS 7952

Long-term growth scenarios for Bangladesh

By Rishabh Sinha

WPS 7951

Costing household surveys for monitoring progress

toward ending extreme poverty and boosting shared

prosperity

By Talip Kilic, Umar Serajuddin, Hiroki Uematsu and

Nobuo Yoshida

WPS 7950

Breaking into tradables: Urban form and urban

function in a developing city

By Anthony J. Venables

WPS 7949

Taxing the good? Distortions, misallocation, and

productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa

By Xavier Cirera, Roberto N. Fattal Jaef and Hibret

Belete Maemir

WPS 7948

How is the slowdown affecting households in Latin

America and the Caribbean?

By Oscar Calvo-Gonzalez, Raul Andres Castaneda

Aguilar, Maria Gabriela Farfan Bertran and et.al.

WPS 7947

Deep integration and UK-EU trade relations

By Alen Mulabdic, Alberto Osnago and Michele Ruta

WPS 7946

Death scares: How potential work-migrants infer

mortality rates from migrant deaths


WPS 7945

Get rich or die tryin’: Perceived earnings, perceived

mortality rate and the value of a statistical life of

potential work-migrants from Nepal


WPS 7944

Pedagogy versus school readiness: The impact of

a randomized reading instruction intervention and

community-based playgroup intervention on early

grade reading outcomes in Tonga

By Kevin Alan David Macdonald, Sally Ann Brinkman,

Wendy Jarvie, Myrna Machuca-Sierra and Kristen

Andrew Mcdonall

WPS 7943

Gender-differentiated impacts of tenure insecurity on

agricultural performance in Malawi’s customary tenure

systems

By Klaus W. Deininger, Fang Xia and Stein Terje Holden

WPS 7942

Can media interventions reduce gender gaps in

political participation after civil war? Evidence from a

field experiment in rural Liberia

By Eric Mvukiyehe

WPS 7941

Reforming village-level governance via horizontal

pressure: Evidence from an experiment in Zimbabwe

By Kate Baldwin, Shylock Muyengwa and Eric

Mvukiyehe

WPS 7940

Conditionality as targeting? Participation and

distributional effects of conditional cash transfers

By Carlos Rodriguez Castelan

WPS 7939

The impact of fiscal policy on inequality and poverty

in Chile

By Sandra Natalia Martinez Aguilar, Alan Fuchs

Tarlovsky, Eduardo Ortiz-Juarez and et.al.

WPS 7938

On the structural transformation of rural Africa

By Christopher B. Barrett, Luc Christiaensen, Megan

Britney Sheahan and Abebe Shimeles

WPS 7937

Foreign banks and international transmission of

monetary policy: Evidence from the syndicated loan

market

By Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Balint Laszlo, Harry P. Huizinga

WPS 7936

Can tax incentives for electronic payments reduce

the shadow economy? Korea’s attempt to reduce

underreporting in retail businesses

By Myung Jae Sung, Rajul Awasthi, Hyung Chul Lee

WPS 7935

With a little help: Shocks, agricultural income, and

welfare in Uganda

By Ruth Hill, Carolina Mejia-Mantilla

WPS 7934

Can grants to consortia spur innovation and science-

industry collaboration? Regression-discontinuity

evidence from Poland

By Miriam Bruhn and David J. Mckenzie

WPS 7933

Estimation and inference for actual and counterfactual

growth incidence curves

By Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Sergio Firpo and Antonio F.

Galvao

WPS 7932

Exchange rate flexibility and the effect of remittances

on economic growth

By Emmanuel Kwasi and Koranteng Lartey

WPS 7931

The role of information and cash transfers on early

childhood development: Evidence from Nepal

By Michael Benjamin Levere, Gayatri Acharya and

Prashant Bharadwaj


WPS 7930

Globalization and the gender earnings gap: Evidence

from Sri Lanka and Cambodia

By Yevgeniya Savchenko, Gladys C. Lopez-Acevedo

and Raymond Robertson

WPS 7929

Caste system

By Karla Hoff

WPS 7928

Emerging economies’ versus advanced countries’

investment impact in Africa

By Kenechukwu Maria Ezemenari, Esubalew Alehegn

Tiruneh and Evelyn Wamboye

WPS 7927

Job quality and poverty in Latin America

By Peter Brummund, Christopher Ryan Mann and

Carlos Rodriguez Castelan

WPS 7926

Pass-through of competitors’ exchange rates to us

import and producer prices

By Steven Michael Pennings

WPS 7925

The public/private wage differential in the land of

gross national happiness

By Achim Daniel Schmillen

WPS 7924

Labor drops: Experimental evidence on the return to

additional labor in microenterprises

By Suresh De Mel, David J. Mckenzie and Christopher

M. Woodruff

WPS 7923

Understanding India’s urban frontier: What is behind

the emergence of census towns in India?

By Partha Mukhopadhyay, Marie-Helene Zerah, Gopa

Samanta and Augustin Maria

WPS 7922

Are automation and trade polarizing developing

country labor markets, too?

By William F. Maloney and Carlos A. Molina

WPS 7921

Does mass deworming affect child nutrition? Meta-

analysis, cost-effectiveness, and statistical power

By Kevin Croke, Joan Hamory Hicks, Eric Hsu, Michael

Robert Kremer and Edward A. Miguel

WPS 7920

Vulnerability to drought and food price shocks:

Evidence from Ethiopia

By Ruth Hill and Catherine Porter

WPS 7919

Services in the European Union: What kinds of

regulatory policies enhance productivity?

By Erik Leendert Van Der Marel, Janez Kren and Mariana

Iootty De Paiva Dias

WPS 7918

A difficult relationship: Declining (but productive) FDI

inflows in Turkey

By Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan, Miguel Eduardo Sanchez

Martin and Gilles Lambert Fabien Jean-Luc Thirion

◆ Annamalai University Annamalainagar

◆ Centre for Studies in Social Sciences Kolkata

◆ Giri Institute of Development Studies Lucknow

◆ Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics Pune

◆ Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar

◆ Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

◆ Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi

◆ Institute of Development Studies Jaipur

◆ Institute of Economic Growth New Delhi

◆ Institute of Financial Management and Research Chennai

◆ Institute of Social and Economic Change Bangalore

◆ Karnataka University Dharwad

◆ Kerala University Library Thiruvananthapuram

◆ Centre for Economic and Social Studies Hyderabad

◆ Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur

◆ Punjabi University Patiala

◆ University of Bombay Mumbai

◆ Uttaranchal Academy of Administration Nainital

World Bank Depository

Libraries in India


Designed by Thoughtscape Design Studio, New Delhi

and printed by Sona Printers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, March 2017

Public Information Center



New Delhi - 110 001, India

Tel: +91-11-4294 7000, Ext. 753

Contact: Sunita Malhotra

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WorldBankIndia

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The World Bank in India VOL 15 / NO 5 • March 2017

Rights and Permissions: The material in this work is copyrighted.

No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,

recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system,

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◆ Annamalai University Annamalainagar

◆ Centre for Studies in Social Sciences Kolkata

◆ Giri Institute of Development Studies Lucknow

◆ Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics Pune

◆ Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar

◆ Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

◆ Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi

◆ Institute of Development Studies Jaipur

◆ Institute of Economic Growth New Delhi

◆ Institute of Financial Management and Research Chennai

◆ Institute of Social and Economic Change Bangalore

◆ Karnataka University Dharwad

◆ Kerala University Library Thiruvananthapuram

◆ Centre for Economic and Social Studies Hyderabad

◆ Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur

◆ Punjabi University Patiala

◆ University of Bombay Mumbai

◆ Uttaranchal Academy of Administration Nainital

World Bank Depository

Libraries in India


Designed by Thoughtscape Design Studio, New Delhi

and printed by Sona Printers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, March 2017

Public Information Center



New Delhi - 110 001, India

Tel: +91-11-4294 7000, Ext. 753

Contact: Sunita Malhotra

The World Bank Websites

Main: www.worldbank.org

India: www.worldbank.org.in

Facebook: www.facebook.com/

WorldBankIndia

Media Inquiries

The World Bank

70, Lodi Estate

New Delhi - 110 003

Contact: Sudip Mozumder


Tel: +91-11-4147 9220

The World Bank in India VOL 15 / NO 5 • March 2017

Rights and Permissions: The material in this work is copyrighted.

No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,

recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system,

without the prior written permission of the World Bank. The World Bank

encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission

promptly.

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