Puberty.ppt
Transcript of Puberty.ppt
PUBERTYPUBERTY Onset of reproduction life Endocrine/gametogenic function of gonads
mature adolescence – (9-15 years in male & 9-13 years in female)
Changes in testis, scrotum, penis in growth Pubic hair growth / axillary / facial hair
growth / spermatogenesis / acne. Larynx – crackling becomes masculine
bass voice.
Female – Breast buds, menarche, uterine/vaginal/genitalia growth - later – psychological changes.
Factors – HRH / LH / FSH. Estrogen / progesterone Primary / second oocyte (ovulation) From follicle into abdominal cavity is
ovulation – 14th day.
MENSTRUAL CYCLEMENSTRUAL CYCLE Endometrial change Hypothalamus
pituitary and FSH / LH Female hormones and ovaries ovarian
cycle 28 days Single ovum is released from the ovary
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING PREGNANCYDURING PREGNANCY
CVS, respiratory system, kidney, endocrine, blood (30% > in blood volume) because of salt & water retention because of > aldosterone / estrogen
Weight = 11-12 kg increase BMR becomes more because of thyroxine,
cortisol, aldosterone, androgen Fetus drains Iron from the mother Uterus gains in size Ovaries stop ovulation Breasts enlarge.
Check-upCheck-up Weight Blood pressure Edema Hemoglobin Blood sugar Urine
Fetoplacental unit
Placenta
Hormones (Functions)
HCG
Estrogen
Progesterone
Oxygen diffusion Glucose Fatty acid Potassium Calcium Sodium
PREGNANCY TESTSPREGNANCY TESTS
Immunological RadiologicalBiological
ANATOMY OF FEMALE ANATOMY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANSREPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
FUNDAMENTALS OF REPRODUCTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF REPRODUCTION
Spermatozoa (X & Y)
Ovum (X)Zygote
XX
XY
46 chromosomes
+
FEMALEMALE
IMPLANTATIONIMPLANTATION 21-22nd day fetal heart, fetoplacental
circulation Fetal placenta, 2 umbilical arteries carry
impure blood from fetus Fetal blood flow through P = 400 mL/min –
pumping action of fetal heart
PLACENTAL FUNCTIONPLACENTAL FUNCTION
Respiratory Excretory Nutrition
Hormones / enzymes
Immunological function
FETAL MEMBRANES FETAL MEMBRANES Chorion Amnion – protects fetal
FETAL MEMBRANES FETAL MEMBRANES Chorion Amnion – protects fetal