Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model
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Transcript of Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model
Early Astronomy
Part: 1 of 2
Ptolemy’s Universe
Many ancient cultures
Many ancient cultures have taken a keen interest…
…in the changing
…in the changing night sky.
Many artifacts have survived
Many artifacts have survived until the present time…
…which make that fact
…which make that fact more than abundantly clear.
Artifacts
Artifacts from Antiquity
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
One of the earliest tools
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
One of the earliest tools for astronomical observation…
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
…was an instrument
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
…was an instrument known as the quadrant.
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
The quadrant would divide the sky
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
The quadrant would divide the sky into (4) segments of 6-hour arcs
each.
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
It could then calculate a star’s latitude
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
It could then calculate a star’s latitude above the Earth’s surface.
The QuadrantThe Quadrant
The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
The ancient Persian Astrolabe
The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
The ancient Persian Astrolabe was another useful tool in Astronomy.
The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
The astrolabe was similar
The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
The astrolabe was similar to an early version of a star-chart,...
The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
…and was useful in predicting the positions
The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
…and was useful in predicting the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars.
The AstrolabeThe Astrolabe
StonehengeStonehenge
StonehengeStonehenge
StonehengeStonehenge
One of the best examples
StonehengeStonehenge
One of the best examples of an early interest in
Astronomy…
StonehengeStonehenge
StonehengeStonehenge
…is found in the ancient stone monolith
StonehengeStonehenge
…is found in the ancient stone monolith known as “Stone Henge”.
StonehengeStonehenge
StonehengeStonehenge
Built between 2,000-3,000 B.C.
StonehengeStonehenge
Built between 2,000-3,000 B.C. in southern England,…
StonehengeStonehenge
StonehengeStonehenge
…Stone Henge still stands today
StonehengeStonehenge
…Stone Henge still stands today as a popular tourist attraction.
StonehengeStonehenge
StonehengeStonehenge
StonehengeStonehenge
StonehengeStonehenge
StonehengeStonehenge
The positions of the great rocks
StonehengeStonehenge
The positions of the great rocks of Stone Henge…
StonehengeStonehenge
StonehengeStonehenge
…were used to mark the important events
StonehengeStonehenge
…were used to mark the important events during the celestial calendar.
StonehengeStonehenge
StonehengeStonehenge
The risings of the Moon and the Sun,
StonehengeStonehenge
The risings of the Moon and the Sun, for example,…
StonehengeStonehenge
StonehengeStonehenge
…can be seen in the photos above
StonehengeStonehenge
…can be seen in the photos above during the
summer solstice.
StonehengeStonehenge
ArtworkArtwork
ArtworkArtwork
ArtworkArtwork
ArtworkArtwork
Throughout the history
ArtworkArtwork
Throughout the history of mankind,…
ArtworkArtwork
ArtworkArtwork
…Astronomy has played a prominent role
ArtworkArtwork
…Astronomy has played a prominent role in various forms of artwork.
ArtworkArtwork
ArtworkArtwork
Shown above are several examples
ArtworkArtwork
Shown above are several examples of paintings featuring Astronomy
themes.
ArtworkArtwork
ArtworkArtwork
Van Gogh’s famous “Starry Night”
ArtworkArtwork
Van Gogh’s famous “Starry Night” is the painting shown on
the left.
ArtworkArtwork
Van Gogh’s famous “Starry Night” is the painting shown on
the left.
Starry Night
ArtworkArtwork
Van Gogh’s famous “Starry Night” is the painting shown on
the left.
Starry Night
ArtworkArtwork
The PyramidsThe Pyramids
The PyramidsThe Pyramids
The PyramidsThe Pyramids
The pyramids of the Sun and the Moon
The PyramidsThe Pyramids
The pyramids of the Sun and the Moon can be found near Mexico City, Mexico.
The PyramidsThe Pyramids
The PyramidsThe Pyramids
Built by the ancient Aztec civilization
The PyramidsThe Pyramids
Built by the ancient Aztec civilization around 100 A.D.,…
The PyramidsThe Pyramids
The PyramidsThe Pyramids
…they are still a popular tourist attraction
The PyramidsThe Pyramids
…they are still a popular tourist attraction even 2,000 years later.
The PyramidsThe Pyramids
…and there are many, more examples
…and there are many, more examples of the ancients’ interest in Astronomy
…and there are many, more examples of the ancients’ interest in Astronomy
from the periods of antiquity.
But unlike today,
But unlike today, the need to understand Astronomy
But unlike today, the need to understand Astronomy
was neither scientific nor religious.
The ancients instead
The ancients instead had more practical reasons
The ancients instead had more practical reasons
to study the Heavens.
NavigationNavigation
NavigationNavigation
NavigationNavigation
The ancient seafarers,
NavigationNavigation
The ancient seafarers, for example,…
NavigationNavigation
NavigationNavigation
…needed to understand the stars
NavigationNavigation
…needed to understand the stars in order to navigate their vessels by
night.
NavigationNavigation
FarmingFarming
FarmingFarming
FarmingFarming
Additionally, farmers needed to know
FarmingFarming
Additionally, farmers needed to know how to predict the seasons…
FarmingFarming
FarmingFarming
…in order to know on which dates
FarmingFarming
…in order to know on which dates to plant and to harvest their crops.
FarmingFarming
Cosmetology
Cosmetology VS
Cosmetology VS
Cosmology
CosmetologyCosmetology
CosmetologyCosmetology
If you wanted to study
CosmetologyCosmetology
If you wanted to studythe field of cosmetology,…
CosmetologyCosmetology
CosmetologyCosmetology
…then one day
CosmetologyCosmetology
…then one day you might want to work here.
CosmetologyCosmetology
…then one day you might want to work here.
CosmologyCosmology
CosmologyCosmology
However, if you would rather study
CosmologyCosmology
However, if you would rather study the field of cosmology,…
CosmologyCosmology
CosmologyCosmology
…then you might prefer to work
CosmologyCosmology
…then you might prefer to work in an observatory like this instead.
CosmologyCosmology
…then you might prefer to work in an observatory like this instead.
CosmologyCosmology
…then you might prefer to work in an observatory like this instead.
Cosmology
Cosmology –
Cosmology – The scientific study
Cosmology – The scientific studyof the structure and evolution
Cosmology – The scientific studyof the structure and evolution
of the Universe.
The Sun
The Sun
The Planets
The Sun
The Planets
The Sun
The PlanetsThe Earth
The Sun
The PlanetsThe Earth
The Sun
The Moon
The PlanetsThe Earth
The Sun
The Moon
The PlanetsThe Earth
The Sun
The Universe,
The Moon
The PlanetsThe Earth
The Sun
The Universe, to the ancient Greeks,…
The Moon
The PlanetsThe Earth
The Sun
The Moon
The PlanetsThe Earth
The Sun
…was basically
The Moon
The PlanetsThe Earth
The Sun
…was basically just the Solar System.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Today’s view of the Universe, however,
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Today’s view of the Universe, however, is quite a bit different.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Cosmology entails looking at the Universe
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Cosmology entails looking at the Universe on scales so large today…
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…that even entire galaxies only appear
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…that even entire galaxies only appear as mere pinpoints of light in
space.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Shown above is the Perseus Galaxy Cluster
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Shown above is the Perseus Galaxy Cluster located 300 million LYs away from Earth.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
And each pinpoint of light
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
And each pinpoint of light is a galaxy,…
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
…representing 100 billion or more stars.
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Imagine the total number of planets
Perseus Galaxy ClusterPerseus Galaxy Cluster
Imagine the total number of planets contained in all of these galaxies.
Ptolemy and the
Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model
Claudius PtolemyClaudius Ptolemy
Claudius PtolemyClaudius Ptolemy
83 A.D. – 165 A.D.
Claudius PtolemyClaudius Ptolemy
The ancient Greek astronomer,
Claudius PtolemyClaudius Ptolemy
The ancient Greek astronomer, Claudius Ptolemy,…
Claudius PtolemyClaudius Ptolemy
Claudius PtolemyClaudius Ptolemy
…devised the Geocentric Model
Claudius PtolemyClaudius Ptolemy
…devised the Geocentric Model of the Universe.
Claudius PtolemyClaudius Ptolemy
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
In the geocentric model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
In the geocentric model of the Universe,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…the Earth lay at the center
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…the Earth lay at the center of all creation.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Everything else in the Heavens
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Everything else in the Heavens then orbited the stationary Earth.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
But unlike
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
But unlike the Sun, Moon, and stars,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…the ancients noticed that the planets
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…the ancients noticed that the planets would wander across the night sky.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Prograde Motion
If you watch the motions of the planets
If you watch the motions of the planets over many months,…
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
March
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
April
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
May
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
June
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
July
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
Aug
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
Sept
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
Oct
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
Nov
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
eastward
…you’ll notice that they drift eastward across the night sky.
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
eastward
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
eastward
This forward and eastward drift
AprilMay
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Aug
June
March
July
Sept
This forward and eastward drift is called “prograde
motion”,…
eastward
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
eastward
This forward and eastward drift is called “prograde
motion”,…
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
This forward and eastward drift is called “prograde
motion”,…
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Septprograde motion
This forward and eastward drift is called “prograde
motion”,…
AprilMay
Nov
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Aug
June
March
July
Septprograde motion
AprilMay
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Sept
…and prograde motion is caused
prograde motion
AprilMay
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…and prograde motion is caused by the planets’ orbits around the
Sun.
prograde motion
Retrograde Motion
AprilMay
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March
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AprilMay
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June
March
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If you watch a planet’s motion
AprilMay
Nov
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June
If you watch a planet’s motion more closely, however,…
March
July
Sept
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
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AprilMay
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Aug
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March
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…you’ll notice that the planet
AprilMay
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June
…you’ll notice that the planet does something interesting over time.
March
July
Sept
AprilMay
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AprilMay
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After the planet moves forward
AprilMay
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March
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After the planet moves forward in the eastward direction for a while,…
AprilMay
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March
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After the planet moves forward in the eastward direction for a while,…
AprilMay
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June
March
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After the planet moves forward in the eastward direction for a while,…
AprilMay
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eastward
After the planet moves forward in the eastward direction for a while,…
AprilMay
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eastward
AprilMay
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eastward
…it then stops,
AprilMay
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eastward
…it then stops, backs up,
AprilMay
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eastward
…it then stops, backs up, and goes westward for a while.
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
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March
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eastward
…it then stops, backs up, and goes westward for a while.
AprilMay
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March
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westwardeastward
…it then stops, backs up, and goes westward for a while.
AprilMay
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March
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westwardeastward
AprilMay
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westwardeastward
But then it stops,
AprilMay
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westwardeastward
But then it stops, turns around,
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
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March
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westwardeastward
But then it stops, turns around, and moves in the eastward direction again.
AprilMay
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westwardeastward
and moves in the eastward direction again.But then it stops, turns around,
AprilMay
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westward
eastwardeastward
and moves in the eastward direction again.But then it stops, turns around,
AprilMay
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westward
eastwardeastward
AprilMay
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westward
While the forward and eastward motion
eastwardeastward
AprilMay
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westward
While the forward and eastward motion was called “prograde
motion”,…
eastwardeastward
AprilMay
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Oct
Aug
June
March
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westward
While the forward and eastward motion was called “prograde
motion”,…
eastwardeastward
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
Sept
westward
While the forward and eastward motion was called “prograde
motion”,…
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
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prograde motion
prograde motion
westward
While the forward and eastward motion was called “prograde
motion”,…
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
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prograde motion
prograde motion
westward
AprilMay
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Oct
Aug
June
March
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prograde motion
prograde motion
…this backward and westward motion
westward
AprilMay
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Aug
June
March
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prograde motion
prograde motion
…this backward and westward motion is called “retrograde
motion”.
westward
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
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prograde motion
prograde motion
…this backward and westward motion is called “retrograde
motion”.
westward
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
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prograde motion
prograde motion
…this backward and westward motion is called “retrograde
motion”.
AprilMay
Nov
Oct
Aug
June
March
July
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prograde motion
retrograde motion
prograde motion
…this backward and westward motion is called “retrograde
motion”.
Now watch the planet Mars
Now watch the planet Mars as it demonstrates this motion.
As the planet moves eastward,
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
March
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
April
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
May
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
June
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
July
Aug
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
Aug
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
Aug
As the planet moves eastward, it demonstrates the prograde
motion.
prograde motion
prograde motion
Aug
prograde motion
Aug
But then it stops,
prograde motion
Aug
But then it stops, turns around,
prograde motion
Aug
But then it stops, turns around, and shows westward retrograde motion.
prograde motion
Aug
retrograde motion
But then it stops, turns around, and shows westward retrograde motion.
prograde motion
Sept
retrograde motion
But then it stops, turns around, and shows westward retrograde motion.
prograde motion
Oct
retrograde motion
But then it stops, turns around, and shows westward retrograde motion.
prograde motion
Nov
retrograde motion
But then it stops, turns around, and shows westward retrograde motion.
prograde motion
Nov
retrograde motion
But then it stops, turns around, and shows westward retrograde motion.
prograde motion
Nov
retrograde motion
But then it stops, turns around, and shows westward retrograde motion.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
Nov
prograde motion
retrograde motion
Nov
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops,
Nov
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
Nov
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
Nov
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
Dec
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
Jan
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
Feb
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
March
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
April
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
May
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
May
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
May
prograde motion
and shows the prograde motion again.
prograde motion
retrograde motion
prograde motion
And finally it stops, turns around again,
May
prograde motion
prograde motion
retrograde motion
prograde motion
May
prograde motion
prograde motion
retrograde motion
prograde motion
While it requires many months of observation,
May
prograde motion
prograde motion
retrograde motion
prograde motion
While it requires many months of observation, to witness the retrograde motion of Mars,
…
May
prograde motion
prograde motion
retrograde motion
prograde motion
May
prograde motion
prograde motion
retrograde motion
prograde motion
…it was nevertheless a phenomenon
May
prograde motion
prograde motion
retrograde motion
prograde motion
…it was nevertheless a phenomenon the ancients did not fail to notice.
The entire retrograde motion sequence
The entire retrograde motion sequence can be seen in this photo collage.
Can you explain why
Can you explain why this phenomenon is happening?
This slide shows an animation
This slide shows an animation of the retrograde
motion of Mars.
This slide shows an animation of the retrograde
motion of Mars.
Ptolemy Explains
Ptolemy Explains Retrograde Motion
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
In the Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
In the Geocentric Model of the Universe,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…Ptolemy had to explain this phenomenon
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…Ptolemy had to explain this phenomenon of the retrograde motion of the planets.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Ptolemy explained that when Mars
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Ptolemy explained that when Mars orbited the Earth,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…that it did so
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…that it did so using (2) pivot arms.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…that it did so using (2) pivot arms.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…that it did so using (2) pivot arms.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…that it did so using (2) pivot arms.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The larger of the (2) arms
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The larger of the (2) arms makes a loop called a “deferent”,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The larger of the (2) arms makes a loop called a “deferent”,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The larger of the (2) arms makes a loop called a “deferent”,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The larger of the (2) arms makes a loop called a “deferent”,…
deferent
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
deferent
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…while the smaller of the (2) arms
deferent
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…while the smaller of the (2) arms makes a loop called an “epicycle”.
deferent
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
deferent
…while the smaller of the (2) arms makes a loop called an “epicycle”.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
deferent
…while the smaller of the (2) arms makes a loop called an “epicycle”.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
deferent
…while the smaller of the (2) arms makes a loop called an “epicycle”.
epicycle
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
When both of the pivot arms
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
When both of the pivot arms are moving in circles,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…then the planet exhibits prograde motion
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…then the planet exhibits prograde motion throughout most of its orbit.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
But sometimes, however,
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
But sometimes, however, Mars also appears to
backup,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…and when this happens,
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…and when this happens, the planet exhibits retorgrade
motion.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Like this…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Like this…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
While Ptolemy did not correctly explain
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
While Ptolemy did not correctly explain the retrograde motion of
Mars,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…his explanation nevertheless sounded
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…his explanation nevertheless sounded both credible and plausible.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
But Ptolemy’s explanation
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
But Ptolemy’s explanation for the retrograde motion of Mars,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…did not alone prove
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…did not alone prove that the Geocentric Model was correct.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The ancients also offered
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The ancients also offered (4) other arguments,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…in defense of the Earth’s position
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…in defense of the Earth’s position at the center of the Universe.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
4 Arguments for the
4 Arguments for the Geocentric Model
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
The first argument given,
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
The first argument given, to support the Geocentric Model,…
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
…was that if the Earth revolved the Sun,
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
…was that if the Earth revolved the Sun, then we would feel the Earth’s motion.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
But since the Earth’s motion,
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
But since the Earth’s motion, could not be detected,…
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
…then the Earth, they thought,
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
…then the Earth, they thought, could not possibly be moving.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
But there are actually (5) ways
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
But there are actually (5) ways in which the Earth does in fact move.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1)
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) The Earth is rotating
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) The Earth is rotating
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
on its imaginary axis.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
2)
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
2) The Earth is revolving
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
2) The Earth is revolving
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
around the Sun.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
3)
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
3) The Earth is “precessing”,
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
3) The Earth is “precessing”,
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
or wobbling, on its axis.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4)
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolving
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolving
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
around the center of the Milky Way.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolvingaround the center of the Milky Way.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolvingaround the center of the Milky Way.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolvingaround the center of the Milky Way.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolvingaround the center of the Milky Way.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolvingaround the center of the Milky Way.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolvingaround the center of the Milky Way.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolvingaround the center of the Milky Way.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
4) The Sun is revolvingaround the center of the Milky Way.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
5)
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
5) The galaxies are moving apart,
5) The galaxies are moving apart,
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
as a result of the Big Bang.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
5) The galaxies are moving apart, as a result of the Big Bang.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
5) The galaxies are moving apart, as a result of the Big Bang.
separating
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
5) The galaxies are moving apart, as a result of the Big Bang.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
But none of these motions
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
But none of these motions could be felt by the ancients.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
And since none of these motions
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
And since none of these motions were detectable,…
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…then the ancients incorrectly concluded
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…then the ancients incorrectly concluded that the Earth could not
possibly be in motion.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…then the ancients incorrectly concluded that the Earth could not
possibly be in motion.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…then the ancients incorrectly concluded that the Earth could not
possibly be in motion.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
Of course, the real reason
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
Of course, the real reason why the Earth’s motion was not
detected,…
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…is because motion is relative
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…is because motion is relative and cannot be detected.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
But until Albert Einstein came along,
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
But until Albert Einstein came along, 19 centuries later,…
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…the dynamics of relative motion
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…the dynamics of relative motion would not be fully understood.
1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion1) We Can’t Detect Earth’s Motion
separating
…the dynamics of relative motion would not be fully understood.
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A second argument given
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A second argument given in support of the Geocentric Model,
…
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…had to do with the failure of the ancients
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…had to do with the failure of the ancients to observe parallax among the stars.
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
If the Earth were truly in motion,
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
If the Earth were truly in motion, the thinking went,…
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…then a star would appear to shift positions
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…then a star would appear to shift positions as the Earth orbited the Sun.
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A star would appear in one position,
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A star would appear in one position, in June for example,…
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A star would appear in one position, in June for example,…
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A star would appear in one position, in June for example,…
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A star would appear in one position, in June for example,…
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A star would appear in one position, in June for example,…
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A star would appear in one position, in June for example,…
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
A star would appear in one position, in June for example,…
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…and then appear in different position
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…and then appear in different position(6) months later.
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…and then appear in different position(6) months later.
June
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…and then appear in different position(6) months later.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…and then appear in different position(6) months later.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…and then appear in different position(6) months later.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…and then appear in different position(6) months later.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…and then appear in different position(6) months later.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
And as the Earth
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
And as the Earth revolved around the Sun,…
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
…the star would then seem to demonstrate a certain amount of parallactic shift.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
But since stellar parallax
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
But since stellar parallax was not observed by the ancients,…
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
…then they thought that the Earth
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
…then they thought that the Earth could not possibly be revolving the Sun.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
…then they thought that the Earth could not possibly be revolving the Sun.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
…then they thought that the Earth could not possibly be revolving the Sun.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
Of course, the real reason
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
Of course, the real reason why the ancients never observed
parallax,…
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
…is because stars are too far away
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
…is because stars are too far away to observe parallax with the naked eye.
June December
2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax2) We Don’t Observe Stellar Parallax
parallactic shift
…is because stars are too far away to observe parallax with the naked eye.
Heliocentric Model
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
The third argument given
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
The third argument given in support of the Geocentric Model,
…
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…was that if the Earth orbited the Sun,
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…was that if the Earth orbited the Sun, that the Moon would lag behind.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
Since there is no tether
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
Since there is no tether to pull the Moon along,…
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon would be unable to keep up with the Earth’s motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
The flaw in the ancients’ thinking,
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
The flaw in the ancients’ thinking, however,…
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…lay in the their failure to properly understand
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…lay in the their failure to properly understand Newton’s first law of motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
All objects move through space
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
All objects move through space because they have inertia.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
And since the Moon and the Earth
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
And since the Moon and the Earth were already in motion together,…
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then the Moon has no problem at all keeping up with the moving Earth.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
But since the ancients
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
But since the ancients knew nothing at all about inertia,…
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then they incorrectly believed
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then they incorrectly believed that the Earth could not possibly be in
motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then they incorrectly believed that the Earth could not possibly be in
motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…then they incorrectly believed that the Earth could not possibly be in
motion.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
They therefore incorrectly concluded,
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
They therefore incorrectly concluded, that the Earth must remain
stationary,…
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…and that the Geocentric Model
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…and that the Geocentric Model must be correct.
Heliocentric Model
3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up 3) The Moon Could Not Keep Up
…and that the Geocentric Model must be correct.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
The fourth argument given
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
The fourth argument given in support of the Geocentric Model,
…
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…had to do with the Earth’s rotation
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…had to do with the Earth’s rotation on its axis.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
If the Earth were to rotate on its axis,
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
If the Earth were to rotate on its axis, the ancients believed,…
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then anything not nailed down would fly off into space.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
Since the ancients failed to observe
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
Since the ancients failed to observe objects flying off into space,…
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then they incorrectly concluded
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then they incorrectly concluded that the Earth must not be rotating.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then they incorrectly concluded that the Earth must not be rotating.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then they incorrectly concluded that the Earth must not be rotating.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
Of course, the real reason
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
Of course, the real reason why objects do not fly off into space,…
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…is because the Earth
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…is because the Earth is not spinning fast enough.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
If the Earth were to spin
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
If the Earth were to spin 17x as fast as it currently spins,…
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then everything not nailed down
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then everything not nailed down would suddenly go airborne.
4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth 4) Objects Would Fly Off Earth
…then everything not nailed down would suddenly go airborne.
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Since none of these questions
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
Since none of these questions could be answered,…
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…then Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model
The Geocentric ModelThe Geocentric Model
…then Ptolemy and the Geocentric Model remained unchallenged for 14 centuries.
End of Part 1
A Note from the Author~
If you liked my presentation, please email me at [email protected] and tell me why you liked it. I have made a powerpoint as thorough as this one for each Astronomy subject. I placed this one online just to see if it is getting any response and usage.
I am an Astronomy teacher in northern Virginia, age 50. I have taught Astronomy to the students of northern VA for 24 years.
Tom
March 24, 2012
