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Advanced Placement Psychology

Brief Course Description

Psychology Course Description

The purpose of the course is to introduce students to the scientific investigation of behavior and mental processes in humans and other animals. The course includes an introduction to basic research methods, the relationship between biology and behavior, how conditioning, learning and cognition affect behavior, how interaction with others influences thought, feelings, perceptions, and behaviors, and an understanding of human differences, including strategies for coping when those differences create dysfunction.

Course Essential Questions

1. How do psychologists investigate the relationship between biology and behavior?2. How do humans think, learn and solve problems?3. How does society and culture influence our thinking and behavior?4. How do we develop into unique individuals?

John Cline, Joel Bibby, Mark Clarke, Ed Flynn

Discipline Specific Vocabulary1. Attitude2. Behavior3. Cognition 4. Conformity5. Consciousness6. Correlation7. Development 8. Ego9. Emotion10. Ethics11. Evolution12. Gestalt13. Intelligence14. Learning15. Memory16. Mental illness17. Motivation18. Nature vs. nurture19. Nervous System20. Personality21. Perception22. Psychotherapy23. Psychoactive drugs24. Psychological disorder25. Research-descriptive and experimental 26. Sample27. Schema28. Sensation29. Social-cultural30. Theory


Units

I. History, Perspectives and Research Methods

Unit Essential Questions:

How did the discipline of psychology evolve into the scientific study of behavior and mental processes? What methods do psychologists use to investigate behavior and mental processes?

Unit Vocabulary:

Behaviorist PerspectiveBiological PerspectiveCausationCognitive PerspectiveConfederateControl GroupCorrelational ResearchDependent VariableDouble Blind TechniqueExperimental GroupExperimental MethodExperimenter Bias Halo Effect

Hawthorne EffectHumanistic PerspectiveIndependent VariableLaboratory ObservationLongitudinal v Cross-Sectional StudiesNaturalistic ObservationObserver BiasPlaceboPsychodynamic PerspectiveRandom SampleSubject/ Responder BiasSurvey Method

Daily Learning Outcomes:

1. How did psychology evolve as a unique discipline, beginning with prescientific thinking?2. What are views of the major perspectives in psychology?3. What areas of research and careers are psychologists working in?4. What are the strengths and weaknesses of major research methods in psychology?5. How are statistics used to support psychological research?6. What constitutes ethical research in psychology?



Activities:a. Design an experiment using assigned componentsb. Create a strengths and weaknesses chart for various research methodsc. Create a timeline for major milestones in the history of psychologyd. Form ethics committees to evaluate hypothetical or actual historical research projectse. Design and distribute a survey and compile dataf. Conduct a correlational study and compile datag. Create psychological VIP’s trading cards

R1/R10 W1 W2

Myers, D. (2007). Psychology. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Objective 23: Why Do Psychologists Study Animals? (pp 46-48)

Milgram’s Obedience Study-McLeod, S. A. (2007). Milgram Experiment. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/milgram.html

If Hitler asked you to electrocute a stranger, would you?http://www.simplypsychology.org/Milgram%20-%20Obedience.pdf

APA. (2011). Guidelines for ethical conduct in the care and use of animals. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/science/leadership/care/guidelines.aspx

Video: “The Placebo Effect: Mind/Body Relationship”. The Mind: Teaching Modules. http://www.learner.org/resources/series150.html

Video: Zimbardo, P. (Performer) (2001). Discovering psychology: Past, Presence and Promise [Web]. Retrieved

• Discuss the precise claims of the author and the opposing claims presented in the article.

• Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the author’s claims and opposing claims.

• Provide a concluding statement that supports or rejects the author’s argument.

• Select from the reading the most significant and relevant facts, details, and examples.

• Use precise language, psychology vocabulary when writing about the assigned topic.

• Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information presented.



from http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html

Video: Zimbardo, P. (Performer) (2001). Discovering psychology: Understanding Research [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html

Sample Questions:

1. The first psychology laboratory was established in ________ by ________. A) Russia; Ivan Pavlov B) Austria; Sigmund Freud C) Germany; Wilhelm Wundt D) the United States; William James

2. In an experimental study, men with symptoms of impotence received either Viagra or a placebo. Those who received Viagra participated in the ________ condition. A) correlational B) control C) survey D) experimental

3. Which psychological perspective is most likely to be concerned with identifying the powers and the limits of human reasoning? A) cognitive B) behavioral C) neuroscience D) social-cultural E) behavior genetics

II. Biology



Understand the relationship between biology and behavior.

Essential Question:

How do brain chemistry and structure influence behavior?

Unit VocabularyAphasiaAxonBrain Imaging TechniquesBrainstemCerebral CortexCNSCorpus CallosumDendritesEndocrine SystemFrontal LobeGlands HormonesInterneuronsLimbic System

Motor NeuronMyelin SheathNeuronNeurotransmittersOccipital LobeParietal LobePlasticityPNSReflex ArcSensory NeuronSplit BrainSynapseTemporal Lobe


1. How do neurons communicate?2. How is the nervous system organized?3. What are the locations and functions of the major brain parts?4. What tools do psychologists use to investigate the brain?5. What does split-brain research tell us about hemispheric specialization?6. What are the roles of endocrine system and hormones in behavior?

Activities: a. Create a brain diagram or brain mobile



b. Conduct a class demonstration of the nervous system by holding hands to send signalsc. Watch baby/teen brain videos – PBSd. Create a Play-Doh Braine. Perform neurotransmitter skitsf. Watch Phineas Gage Video Clip or read an article about his story

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Myers, D. (2007). Psychology. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Phineas Gage Case Study (Association Areas pp79-80)

“MORE EXPERIENCE = BIGGER BRAIN?”http://www.edmondschools.net/Portals/3/docs/Terri_McGill/READ-MORE%20EXPERIENCE.pdf

Williamson, E. (2005, February 1). Brain Immaturity Could Explain Teen Crash Rate (washingtonpost.com). Washington Post: Breaking News, World, US, DC News & Analysis. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A52687-2005Jan31.html

Video: Nova’s “Secrets of the Mind”- 60minhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/mind/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYy4afIWtug

Video: PBS The Secret Life of the Brain Series: The Teenage Brain (Episode 3)http://www.pbs.org/wnet/brain/episode3/index.htmlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9Nukdgd_pQ

Video: PBS Frontline Inside the Teenage Brain http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/teenbrain/view/









Video: The Divided Brain”. The Brain: Teaching Modules. http://www.learner.org/resources/series142.html

Video: Zimbardo, P. (Performer) (2001). Discovering psychology: The Behaving Brain [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html

Video: Zimbardo, P. (Performer) (2001). Discovering psychology: The Responsive Brain [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html

Sample Questions:

1.The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central and the ________ nervous systems. A) autonomic B) sympathetic C) parasympathetic D) peripheral

2. The corpus callosum is a band of neural fibers that: A) enables the left hemisphere to control the right side of the body. B) transmits information between the cerebral hemispheres. C) controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs. D) directs the muscle movements involved in speech.

3.Which component of the limbic system plays an essential role in the formation of new memories? A) hypothalamus B) thalamus C) hippocampus D) amygdala



III. Sensation and Perception

Essential Questions:

How do our sensory organs get information to the brain? How does our brain organize and interpret sensory information?

Unit Vocabulary

Absolute ThresholdBottom-Up ProcessingCochleaConesConvergenceFrequency TheoryGate Control TheoryGestaltJust Noticeable DifferenceKinesthetic SenseMonocular Depth CuesPlace Theory

RetinaRetinal DisparityRodsSelective AttentionSensory AdaptationSignal Detection TheoryTop-Down ProcessingTransductionTrichromatic Theory of Color VisionVestibular SenseWeber’s LawYoung-Helmoltz Theory of Color Vision

Daily Learning Outcomes:1. How do humans detect, differentiate and adapt to stimuli?2. What are the locations and functions of the major ear and eye parts?3. How are taste and touch processed?4. What is the biological basis for sensory disorders?5. How is human attention limited?6. How do humans perceive depth, form, motion and color?7. What do optical illusions tell us about human perception?8. What bases exist for paranormal phenomena?



Activities:a. Create an ear/diagramb. Conduct one of several possible taste/smell labsc. Back-masking and subliminal messaging (Vokey and Read)d. View Inattentional Blindness Gorilla Video (Simon)e. Conduct the Rat/Man Experiment (Bugalski and Alampay)f. Recreate the Stroop Effect Experimentg. Play catch using only one eye (monocular vs. binocular cues)

R1/R10 W1 W2

Myers, D. (2007). Psychology. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Objective 16: Human Factors (Association Areas pp 261-263)

Lotto, B. (2010, October 17). BBC News - The science of optical illusions. BBC - Homepage. Retrieved June 25, 2012, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11553099.

Bad Designs (website with poor human factors considerations and solutions for improvement)http://www.baddesigns.com/

Video: Zimbardo, P. (Performer) (2001). Discovering psychology: Sensation and Perception [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html







Sample Questions:



1. The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is called the: A) sensory adaptation threshold. B) difference threshold. C) subliminal threshold. D) absolute threshold.

2. A gestalt is best described as a(n): A) binocular cue. B) texture gradient. C) perceptual adaptation. D) organized whole. E) perceptual set.

3.The visual cliff is a laboratory device for testing ________ in infants. A) size constancy B) selective attention C) depth perception D) perceptual adaptation E) figure-ground perception

IV. States of Consciousness

Essential Question:

How do humans experience various levels of consciousness?

Unit Vocabulary

Circadian RhythmDepressantsDissociationEEGHallucinogensHidden ObserverHypnosis

Information Processing Dream Theory InsomniaLatent ContentLucid DreamingManifest ContentNarcolepsyNight Terrors



Physical DependencePosthypnotic AmnesiaPosthypnotic SuggestionPsychological DependenceREM ReboundREM Sleep

Sleep ApneaSleep SpindlesSleep StagesSomnambulismStimulantsUnconscious Mind


1. What is consciousness and how is it different that unconsciousness?2. What are the major biorhythms and what are the characteristics of the sleep cycle?3. What are the causes, symptoms and treatments of major sleep disorders?4. How is each of the major dream theories unique?5. What is hypnosis and how can it be explained?6. What differences exist between drug categories and what constitutes physical dependence?

Activities:a. Keep a log of sleep habits and dreamsb. Use the “Mouse Party” site (University of Utah)c. Participate in a debate on drug legality, argue for or against certain drugsd. Class presentations on psychoactive drugs

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Myers, D. (2007). Psychology. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Dream Theories (Objectives 9 & 10 285-289)

Video: Zimbardo, P. (Performer) (2001). Discovering psychology: The Mind Awake and Asleep [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html



• Provide a concluding statement that




http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html


Video: Zimbardo, P. (Performer) (2001). Discovering psychology: The Mind Hidden and Divided [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html

supports or rejects the author’s argument. • Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information presented.

Sample Questions:

1.Mr. Oates always sleeps restlessly, snorting and gasping throughout the night. It is most likely that Mr. Oates suffers from: A) sleep apnea. B) narcolepsy. C) night terror. D) insomnia.

2. When Celeste was unable to obtain her regular supply of heroin, she began to develop tremors, fever, and an intense craving for the drug. Celeste was experiencing symptoms of: A) narcolepsy. B) dissociation. C) insomnia. D) withdrawal.

3. The social influence theory of hypnosis receives support from evidence that: A) behaviors produced through hypnotic procedures can also be produced without them. B) hypnotized subjects have a hidden observer. C) easily hypnotized individuals have difficulty focusing attention on their own thoughts and feelings. D) very few people are at all responsive to hypnotic suggestions.

V. Learning


How do environmental consequences shape behavior?

Unit Vocabulary



AcquisitionAssociative LearningClassical ConditioningCognitive MapsCR Conditioned ResponseCS Conditioned StimulusExtinctionFI Fixed IntervalFR Fixed RatioLaw of EffectLittle AlbertModeling

Negative ReinforcementObservational LearningOperant Chamber (Skinner Box)Operant ConditioningPositive ReinforcementPunishmentSchedules of ReinforcementShapingUR Unconditioned ResponseUS Unconditioned StimulusVI Variable IntervalVR Variable Ratio

Daily Learning Outcomes:1. How did behaviorism emerge and what made it different from its predecessors?2. What are the key classical conditioning phenomena?3. What are the key operant conditioning phenomena?4. How do reinforcements and punishments affect behavior?5. How do various schedules of reinforcement shape behavior?6. How do biological predispositions constrain classical and operant conditioning?7. What evidence exists for learning without reinforcement?8. How does research on observational learning explain anti-social behavior?

Activities:a. Fun Dip or Straw puff to eye classical conditioningb. View Volkswagen Fun Theory videos on Operant conditioningc. Brainstorm various student examples for different schedules of reinforcement

R1/R10 W1 W2

Myers, D. (2007). Psychology. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. • Discuss the precise claims of the author • Select from the reading the most



Bandura’s Experiments and Observational Learning (Objective 22-24: 343-346)

Childhood Exposure To Media Violence Predicts Young Adult Aggressive Behavior, According To A New 15-Year Study. (2003, March 9). American Psychological Association (APA). http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2003/03/media-violence.aspx

Video: Zimbardo, P. (Performer) (2001). Discovering psychology: Learning [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html

and the opposing claims presented in the article.



significant and relevant facts, details, and examples.



Sample Questions:

1.John B. Watson believed that psychology should be the science of: A) observable behavior. B) cognitive processes. C) genetic predispositions. D) all the above.

2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior that it follows is a(n): A) conditioned stimulus. B) respondent. C) unconditioned stimulus. D) reinforcer. E) operant.

3.In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's salivation triggered by the taste of food was a(n): A) conditioned response.



B) unconditioned response. C) unconditioned stimulus. D) conditioned stimulus.

VI. Cognition

Essential Question

How do organisms remember, think, solve problems and communicate?

Unit Vocabulary

AlgorithmChunkingConstructive MemoryEncodingEpisodic MemoryFunctional FixednessHeuristicInterferenceLanguage Acquisition DeviceLinguistic DeterminismLong Term MemoryMental SetMnemonicMorpheme

Phoneme RecallRecognitionRehearsalRetrievalSchemaSemantic MemorySerial Position EffectSensory MemoryShort Term MemoryStorageLong Term MemorySurface & Deep Structure


1. How do we get information into and out of memory?2. How are different types of memory distinct?3. How can we improve our memory?4. Why do we forget and how are memories reconstructed?5. How do we solve problems, make decisions and form judgements?



6. How do we acquire and develop language?

Activitiesa. Solve brain teasers, any kind! Discuss methods used, barriers to solving etc.b. Memorize a long list using peg words (perhaps Erikson’s Stages of Development?)c. Conduct a serial position or forgetting memory experiment and graph resultsd. Short term memory teste. Watch a video on or recreate the Loftus experiment

R1/R10 W1 W2

Myers, D. (2007). Psychology. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Constructive Memory (pp 382-384)

Myers, D. (2007). Psychology. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Explaining Language Development (pp 413-417)

Kenrick, D. T., & Shira, I. (2009, April 16). Mass Murder is Nothing to Fear | Psychology Today. Psychology Today: Health, Help, Happiness + Find a Therapist. http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-narcissus-in-all-us/200903/mass-murder-is-nothing-fear

Secret of the Wild Childhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/teachers/programs/2112_wildchil.htmlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEnkY2iaKis

Video: Zimbardo, P. (Performer) (2001). Discovering psychology: Language Development [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html

Video: Zimbardo, P. (Performer) (2001). Discovering psychology: Remembering and Forgetting [Web]. Retrieved from









http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html

Video: Zimbardo, P. (Performer) (2001). Discovering psychology: Cognitive Processes [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html

Video: Zimbardo, P. (Performer) (2001). Discovering psychology: Judgement and Decision Making [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html

Sample Questions:

1.On Monday, the meteorologist forecast a 20 percent chance of rain, so Sheryl took her umbrella to work. On Friday, he reported an 80 percent chance that it would not rain, so Sheryl left her umbrella at home. Sheryl's behavior illustrates: A) confirmation bias. B) the belief perseverance phenomenon. C) overconfidence. D) the representativeness heuristic. E) the framing effect.

2.A flashbulb memory would typically be stored in ________ memory. A) iconic B) implicit C) short-term D) state-dependent E) long-term

3. The process of encoding refers to: A) the persistence of learning over time. B) the recall of information previously learned. C) getting information into memory. D) the motivated forgetting of painful memories.



E) a clear memory of an emotionally significant event.

VII. Motivation and Emotion


What drives human and animal behavior? How do we experience various emotions?

Unit Vocabulary

Cannon-Bard TheoryDriveDrive-Reduction TheoryEpinephrine (Adrenaline)Extrinsic MotivationFacial Feedback Theory General Adaptation SyndromeGhrelinGlucoseHierarchy of Needs

HomeostasisHypothalamusIntrinsic MotivationJames-Lange TheoryMotivationPYYSet Point TheoryTwo-Factor TheoryUniversal Facial GesturesYerkes-Dodson Law


1. What are the strengths and weaknesses of major theories of human and animal motivation?2. What biological underpinnings exist for motivation?3. How does research support major motivation systems?4. What are the major theories of emotion and how are they alike and different?5. What are the psychological and physical effects of stress?

Activities: a. Perform nonverbal skits to demonstrate various emotions. Discuss cues (Ekman or Izard)b. Make posters showing scenarios outlining major theories of emotionc. Create a personal hierarchy of needs (Maslow)



d. Brainstorm stressors and coping mechanisms. Try to outweigh stressors with coping!

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Myers, D. (2007). Psychology. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Sexual Orientation (Objective 14: 487-493)

Ruenzel, D. (Spring 2000). BrainConnection.com - Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers. BrainConnection: The Brain and Learning. http://brainconnection.positscience.com/topics/?main=fa/zebras

Zimbardo, P. (Performer) (2001). Discovering psychology: Motivation and Emotion [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html







Sample Questions:

1.Hunger controls are located within the: A) hypothalamus. B) medulla. C) temporal lobe. D) amygdala. E) hippocampus.

2.Intrinsic motivation refers to: A) the body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state. B) a physiological need that triggers arousal.



C) a state of arousal triggered by physiological need. D) a rigidly patterned behavioral urge characteristic of an entire species. E) a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake.

3. Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty while he was taking a difficult test, Pedro concluded that he was "anxious." Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty when an attractive lady asked him to dance, Dmitri concluded that he was "falling in love." The differing emotions experienced by Pedro and Dmitri can best be explained by the: A) relative deprivation principle. B) James-Lange theory. C) two-factor theory. D) opponent-process theory. E) adaptation-level principle.

VIII. Developmental Psychology

Essential; Question:

What changes take place during the human lifespan, from conception to death?

Unit Vocabulary

AccomodationAssimilationAttachmentCognitive Stage TheoryConservationCrystallized IntelligenceEgocentrismFluid IntelligenceHabituationHeritabilityImprintingMenarche

MenopauseMoral DevelopmentObject PermanenceParenting StylesPsychosexual StagesPsychosocial StagesPubertyStages of Death/ DyingStorm and StressStrange SituationTeratogenVisual Cliff




1. What roles do nature and nurture play in our behavior?2. What physical and behavioral changes take place between conception and early childhood?3. What role does maturation play in development?4. What changes do we experience as we progress through stages in cognitive, moral and psychosocial development?5. How do we change physically and cognitively from adulthood to death?6. What research methods do psychologists use to study development and what are the strengths and weaknesses of each?

Activities:a. For stage theories of development try: childhood pictures to demonstrate stages, cartoons for each stage, collages, graphic organizers, student

autobiographies etc.b. Read; respond to the Heinz Dilemma (Kohlberg). As a follow up, students could create their own moral dilemma, or create a justification for

each levelc. Perform parenting styles skits (Baumrind)

R1/R10 W1 W2

Myers, D. (2007). Psychology. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Developing Morality-Kohlberg’s Theory (Objective 20: 168-170)

McCarthy, H. (2007, October 25). Failure to Thrive - Failure to thrive shares symptoms with a number of other post-institutional issues. RainbowKids.com Adoption Information, Support, Child Photolistings, Articles and Resources. http://www.rainbowkids.com/ExpertArticleDetails.aspx?id=277

McLeod, S.A. (2008) Attachment Research -Ainsworth’s Strange Situation Study http://www.simplypsychology.org/mary-ainsworth.html

Video: Zimbardo, P. (Performer) (2001). Discovering









psychology: The Developing Child [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html

Sample Questions:

1.Gender role refers to; A) one's biological sex. B) the sense of being male or female. C) the set of expected behaviors for males and females. D) the sense of being homosexual or heterosexual. E) how masculine a boy is or how feminine a girl is.

2.During which of Piaget's stages does a person develop an awareness that things continue to exist even when they are not perceived? A) sensorimotor B) preoperational C) concrete operational D) formal operational

3.Mr. Lambers refuses to pay income taxes because his conscience will not allow him to support a government that spends billions of dollars on military weapons. Mr. Lambers's reasoning best illustrates Kohlberg's ________ stage.

A) postconventional B) concrete operational C) preconventional D) egocentric E) conventional

IX. Personality

Unit Essential Question

How do various psychological perspectives explain our personality differences?

Unit Vocabulary

Collective Unconscious Defense Mechanisms



EgoExtraversionHierarchy of NeedsIdIntroversionLearned HelplessnessLocus of Control MMPI

Neo FreudiansSelf ActualizationSelf ConceptSelf-EsteemSocial Cognitive PerspectiveSuperegoTrait Theories


1. What are major theories of personality and how are they alike and different?2. What are the strengths and limitations of each perspective on personality?3. How do psychologists from various perspectives assess personality and how reliable and valid are these assessments?4. How does cultural context, in terms of collectivism versus individualism, influence personality development and self-concept?

Activities: a. Psychoanalyze a celebrity, especially one with an unusual childhood (Charlie Sheen, Michael Jackson, Brittany Spears)b. Perform defense mechanism skits or create scenarios for eachc. Take the Myers-Briggs test or the Keirsey Temperament Sorter or some other personality test

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Myers, D. (2007). Psychology. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Close Up: Toward a More Positive Psychology (p628)

Video: Zimbardo, P. (Performer) (2001). Discovering psychology: The Self [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html






• Provide a concluding statement or section



that follows from and supports the information presented.

Sample Questions:

1. One of the Big Five personality factors is: A) reciprocal determinism.B) self-actualization.C) agreeableness.D) psychoanalysis.

2. Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of: A) empirically derived tests.B) reciprocal determinism.C) a positive self-concept.D) an external locus of control.

3. 3. Sigmund Freud emphasized the importance of: A) unconscious processes.B) an external locus of control.C) factor analysis.D) reciprocal determinism.

X. Testing and Individual Differences


What factors make us unique individuals? What defines intelligence and how is it measured?

Unit Vocabulary



CreativityEmotional IntelligenceFlynn EffectGeneral Intelligence (G)IQMultiple IntelligencesNormal CurveReliability

Rorschach TestSavant SyndromeStandardizationStanford-Binet Intelligence TestThematic Apperception TestValidityWAIS/WISC


1. What is intelligence and what similarities and differences exist between the major theories of intelligence?2. What constitutes a quality test?3. What labels exist as a result of intelligence testing and what are their implications?4. What roles do nature and nurture play in intelligence?

Activities:a. Take Australian/American vs. Aboriginal Intelligence testsb. Create examples of intelligence for major theories. Use fictional characters, historical figures, family members etc.c. Brainstorm the questions “What is intelligence?” or “what different types of intelligence exist?”d. Take an IQ test or Type A/Type B test at queendom.com

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Myers, D. (2007). Psychology. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Genetic Influences and Environmental Influences (Obj 15&16 pp455-459)

The General Intelligence Factorhttp://www.psych.utoronto.ca/users/reingold/courses/intelligence/cache/1198gottfred.html








Slife, B. D. (2008). Taking sides: Clashing views on psychological issues (15th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

A Multiplicity of Intelligenceshttp://llk.media.mit.edu/courses/readings/gardner-multiple-intelligences.pdf

The General Intelligence Factorhttp://www.psych.utoronto.ca/users/reingold/courses/intelligence/cache/1198gottfred.html

Videocassette: Discovering Psychology, Updated Edition: Testing and Intelligence (Annenberg/CPB Project, 27 minutes) Also available here:http://www.learner.org/series/discoveringpsychology/16/e16expand.html

Video: Big Thinkers: Howard Gardner on Multiple Intelligences http://www.edutopia.org/multiple-intelligences-howard-gardner-video

supports or rejects the author’s argument. • Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information presented.

Sample Questions:

1. An 8-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency of an average 10-year-old was said to have an IQ of: A) 80.B) 100.C) 110.D) 125.



2. A test designed to assess whether newly graduated medical students should be granted the legal right to practice medicine would most likely be considered a(n) ________ test. A) g-factorB) aptitudeC) factor analysisD) achievement

3. Before publishing her test of musical aptitude, Professor Reed first administered the test to a representative sample of people. This was most clearly necessary for test: A) standardization.B) reliability.C) heritability.D) validity.

XI. Abnormal Behavior


How is abnormality defined? What are the causes and symptoms of major psychological disorders?

Unit Vocabulary

AnorexiaBipolar DisorderBulimiaDepressionDiathesis-Stress ModelDissociative DisordersDopamineDSMGAD

MMPIOCDPanic DisorderPersonality DisordersPhobiasPTSDSADSchizophreniaSomatoform Disorders




1. What are the characteristics of a psychological disorder?2. What are the causes, symptoms and prevalence of disorders in the major diagnostic categories?3. What are the strengths and limitations of major perspectives’ explanations of major disorders?4. How is diagnostic labeling helpful and harmful?5. What does it mean to be legally insane?

Activities:a. Create a mental illness PowerPoint or poster presentationb. Solve the “personality disorders dinner party” puzzlec. Make cartoon characters exemplifying various disorders

R1/R10 W1 W2

Myers, D. (2007). Psychology. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Insanity Defense: Insanity and Responsibility (p 647)

Rosenhan, D. (n.d.). The Rosenhan Study: On Being Sane in Insane Places. Institute for Nearly Genuine Research . http://www.bonkersinstitute.org/rosenhan.html

Barkley, R. (n.d.). What Is Adhd? | PBS - Medicating Kids | FRONTLINE | PBS. PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/medicating/experts/whatis.html









Sample Questions:

1. Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from a(n): A) phobia.B) dysthymic disorder.C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.D) generalized anxiety disorder.

2. Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from: A) compulsions.B) catatonia.C) delusions.D) hallucinations.

3. Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of: A) a panic disorder.B) an obsessive-compulsive disorder.C) a generalized anxiety disorder.D) a histrionic personality disorder.

XII. Treatment

Unit Essential Question:

What are the various treatment approaches to psychological disorders?

Unit Vocabulary

Alternative Therapies Anit-Psychotics



Anti-Anxiety DrugsAnti-DepressantsBehavioral TherapyCognitive TherapyEclectic ApproachECTFree AssociationGroup Therapy

Humanistic TherapyLobotomyMedical ModelPsychoanalytic TherapyPsychotherapiesRational Emotive TherapyResistance


1. What are the key characteristics of therapeutic intervention?2. How do major treatment approaches differ in their orientations and strategies?3. What are the strengths and weaknesses of individual and group therapy?4. How effective are various treatment strategies towards specific disorders?

Activities:a. Make a chart of major types of therapies, their methods, what they treat etc.b. Conduct a humanistic therapy simulationc. Participate in a disorders/treatment role play as client/therapist

R1/R10 W1 W2

Myers, D. (2007). Psychology. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Is Psychotherapy Effective (Obj 11-14, 16: pp700-705, 707-708)

Paris, J. (2012, April 12). Over-prescribing: a worrisome trend. Montreal Gazette - Breaking News, Quebec, Opinion, Multimedia & More. http://www.montrealgazette.com/health/Over+prescribing+worrisome+trend/6405191/story.html






• Provide a concluding statement or section



Is Ritalin Overprescribed? — YES by Dr. Richard Bromfieldhttp://www.americanchiropractic.net/ADD/Is%20Ritalin%20Overprescribed.pdf

Reading: Deinstitutionalization, A Psychiatric “Titanic” (Read prior to Frontline Video) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/asylums/special/excerpt.html

Video: PBS Frontline The New Asylums (viewer discretion-preview first)http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/asylums/view/

Video: PBS Frontline: Medicating Kids – covers ADHD as four families are followed over the course of a year (53 min)http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/medicating/watch/

supports or rejects the author’s argument. that follows from and supports the information presented.

Sample Questions:

1. A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family’s backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist’s approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates: A) stress inoculation training.B) aversive conditioning.C) exposure therapy.D) EMDR.



2. Several years after his wife’s death, Mr. Sanchez remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. In order to reduce Mr. Sanchez’s depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for not being able to prevent his wife’s death. The therapist’s approach is most representative of: A) systematic desensitization.B) psychoanalysis.C) cognitive therapy.D) client-centered therapy.

3. Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from lithium? A) Olivia, who experiences delusions and auditory hallucinationsB) Landon, who experiences a generalized sense of apprehension and anxietyC) Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitementD) Ivan, who experiences sudden brief episodes of intense dread and panic

XIII. Social Psychology

Unit Essential Question:

How do groups and culture influence individual behavior?

Unit Vocabulary

AggressionAttractionBystander EffectCognitive DissonanceConformityDeindividuationDiffusion of ResponsibilityFrustration-Aggression PrincipleFundamental Attribution ErrorGroup PolarizationGroupthink

Informational Social InfluenceNormative Social InfluenceNormsObedience StudyPrejudiceRolesSelf Fulfilling ProphecySocial TrapStanford Prison ExperimentSuperordinate Goal




1. How can our behaviors be explained through attribution theory?2. How do groups behave differently?3. How does the presence of others influence the behavior of the individual?4. How do we respond to the expectations of others?5. What reasons exist for differential treatment of group members?6. What is an attitude and what reasons and strategies exist for attitude change?

Activities:a. Recreate or modify the Asch conformity study (you will need confederates!)b. Watch a video on a famous study (Asch, Milgram, Zimbardo, bystander effect)c. Play the missile game or use real money as an incentive to demonstrate social trapsd. Read the article on Kitty Genovese, and discuss the bystander effecte. Try a prejudice test on project implicit

R1/R10 W1 W2

Myers, D. (2007). Psychology. (8th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Learning Aggression (pp752-756)

Gansberg, M. (1964). Thirty-Eight Who Saw Murder Didn't Call the Police. The New York Timeshttp://www2.selu.edu/Academics/Faculty/scraig/gansberg.html

Milgram’s Obedience Study-McLeod, S. A. (2007). Milgram Experiment. http://www.simplypsychology.org/milgram.html

McLeod, S. A. (2008). Cognitive Dissonance. http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive-









dissonance.html

Video: Zimbardo, P. (Performer) (2001). Discovering psychology: Constructing Social Reality [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html

Video: Zimbardo, P. (Performer) (2001). Discovering psychology: The Power of the Situation [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html

Sample Questions:

1.Ben hates to wear ties but wears one to his sister's wedding to avoid his family's disapproval. Ben's behavior exemplifies the importance of: A) the mere exposure effect. B) informational social influence. C) normative social influence. D) social facilitation. E) the reciprocity norm.

2. According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that: A) people are naturally predisposed to be hostile and aggressive. B) even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction. C) the desire to be accepted by others is one of the strongest human motives. D) people value their freedom and react negatively when they feel they are being coerced to do something.

3. When 12-year-old Jack saw an old man lying on the sidewalk in apparent discomfort, he prepared to offer help. But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in: A) the mere exposure effect. B) the fundamental attribution error. C) social loafing. D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. E) the bystander effect.


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