Presented By: Shama Mushtaq

Born in Germany, June 15, 1902 Father believed to be Danish Mother was Danish Jewish

Remarried when he was approx. 3 to a German Jew physician

He was Tall, blond haired and blue eyed Referred to as “goy” (non Jewish) by his friend while at school was referred to as a Jew

Entertained fantasies of being son of “much better parents” who abandoned him.

Graduated form Classical Gymnasium. Where he studies Latin, Greek, German culture and ancient history

In 1927, invited to Vienna to work in a small school as an artist and tutor.

Met Freud and his daughter AnnaAccepted in Freud’s circle not based

on degree but based on his brilliance and insightfulness

Met his wife in 1929 Moved to U.S. in 1933 due to fascism

crisis.

Worked with children. Later taught at Yale, University of

California, Berkeley, and Harvard.Never obtained a degree himself.

Changed name to Erikson when he became an American citizen.

Eight stage model was grew from his 3rd son was born who was developmentally handicapped.

Died in 1994.

Believed development was based not just on sexual drives but on social interactions.

Biology determines when the stages occur .

Also that development occurred throughout the lifespan.

First four stages are expansions of Freud’s theory.

Three interrelated aspects of the ego Body ego

Understanding and acceptance of our bodyEgo ideal.

Image we have of ourselves and our personalities.

Ego identity Image of ourselves in the social roles we play.

Stages build on one anotherBased on epigenetic principle.( each stage develop on another as in

EMBRYO) .• EPI means Upon and Genesis means

Emergence. Each stage consists of a crisis, it can be

resolved positively or negatively.Positive strengthens egoNegative weakens ego

Crisis is an integral part of each stage.

In Chinese CRISIS composed of two

characteristics, Danger and Opportunity

Moments of decision “progress or regression”.

He used term Virtue to describe psychological

strength in each stage.

Time crucial to security vs. insecurity for infant with mother.

Development of strong sense of TRUST.

If mother is Sensitive and Responsive to child, infant sense of security will increase.

Biting stage, anger and rage. Infant learn to endure pain as compare to hunger which can be easy to bear.

VIRTUE is HOPE of this stage. Confidence in obtaining wishes rather than

dark sites to complete wishes As individual grows, this hope is verifies at each stage and lead to New Hopefulness.

It creates ability to cop with disappointments 3 essentials to strengthen the hope.

1. mothers relation to her Childhood.

2. mother child relation itself.

3. social institutions.

Stage occur at Muscular Maturation and ability to hold on or let it go.

Child Walk, Climb, hold on and communicate more effectively.

Child start to exert control over self and world also.

The last stage Faith in existing is tested here by Sudden and Stubborn wishes to choose.

Terrible Two, favorite word is “No”

Shame stems from his 1st Upright Standing in adults world where he feel himself small and powerless.

Split between back and front. Shame arise by Caught with pent down.

VIRTUR acquired at this stage is WILL. Will means to controls one’s wishes with

judgment and discrimination.

Will form the sense to accept the Laws.

Some time suffer from mixed feelings and Transgression occur.

Greater mobility, actively curious, language development, mastery, responsibility, imagination.

Play is basic activity of this stage. Favorite word is WHY? Child learns to plan ahead with

purpose and direction Virtue is PURPOSE. Courage to

peruse valued goals uninhibited by infant guilty and fear of punishment.

Purpose provide aims and directions. Dance, dramas stems out from

fantasy.

Entrance outside the family. Systematic Instructions, from play to sense

of Work. Now Satisfaction from job well done. Attitude and opinions of others are

important to develop sense of industry other wise inferiority sense will develop

Virtue is COMPETENCE, is exercise of skillfulness and intelligence in completing tasks.

oThey question role models and identification and main question is WHO AM I?

oSocial limitations and pressure can have a strong impact.

o Inability to identified or over identification with heroes or role model results in insecurity, empty, inactive and indecisive.

oVirtue is FIDELTY. Commitment to career and set of value

oWe incorporate our culture's ethical values and belief systems.

Time for achieving independence from parents and school.

Commitments occur specially a true mutuality with some intimate partner.

True Virtual is LOVE. Early life infants love for mother, child’s love for parents

and adolescents infatuation. When love develops shared identity and validation of

each partner. In love sex comes after intimacy development.

General concern for guiding and supporting next generation. Include productivity and creativity in out work and personal life.

Social institutions cause function of generativity. Other wise people fall a pray to boredom and stagnation. Virtue of this stage is CARE. Care not only of our off springs but also of children of

our harts, minds, ideas, creations and etc.

Ultimate concern known as EGO Integrity forms. Which describe our personal lives, its ups and downs and ultimately a justified life.

a reaction to feeling (and seeing others) in an increasing state of being finished and one’s self confused, helpless.

Virtue is Wisdom (“informed and detached concern with life itself in the face of death itself”)

Feeling of completeness or wholeness

individuality: a conscious sense of one own uniqueness and existence

Sameness and continuity: inner sameness. A continuity between what a person was and to be in future. Consistent and meaningful direction.

Wholeness and synthesis: synthesis of self image & identification of childhood into a meaningful whole.

Social solidarity: sense of inner solidarity with values of society or sub group.