Psychosocial Theories in Nursing

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    Sigmund Freud(1856-1939)The father of psychoanalysis

    He developed psychoanalytical theoryHe believes that desire and libido are the driving force of human.

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    3 Components of personality1. ID- is the part of ones nature that reflects basic or

    innate desire such as pleasure seeking behavior,aggression and sexual impulses.

    Immediate gratification No regards for rules or social convention

    2. SUPEREGO- is a part of persons nature that reflects moraland ethical concepts, values and parental

    The opposite of ID3. EGO- is the balancing or mediating force between the ID

    and SUPEREGO

    Represent a mature and responsible behavior

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    THE 3 LEVELS OF AWARENESS1) Conscious- refers to perceptions, thoughts and emotions that

    exist in the persons awareness. Being aware of happy feelings Thinking about love ones Smallest component of mind

    2) Preconscious- thoughts and emotions that are not currently inthe persons awareness but He or She can recall them with someeffort.

    Needs hint or clue

    Tip of the tongue3) Unconscious- is the real thought and feelings that motivate a

    person, even though He or She is totally unaware of them. This includes defense mechanism

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    Defense Mechanism To protect the self and cope with basic drives or emotionally painful thought, feeling or events.1) Displacement-your boss shouts you, you shout at your subordinate.2) Sublimation- substituting a socially unacceptable to acceptable.3) Denial- I'm not4) Dissociation- psychological flight from self.5) Regression- RETURN to an earlier developmental stage6) Fixation- stuck in a stage of development7) Repression- unconscious forgetting8) Suppression- conscious forgetting9) Rationalization-uses because has illogical reasoning10) Reaction formation- PLASTIC, doing opposite of intention

    11) Undoing- exhibit acceptable behavior to make up for negative unacceptablebehavior

    12) Identification- models a certain behavior from a certain role model.13) Projection- blaming other, look for a escape goat.14) Introjections- blaming self15) Conversion- psychological problem converted to physical symptoms

    16) Compensation- lack on one but excel on another thing.17) Substitution- replace a difficult role with easy one.

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    Freudian dream analysisFreuds believed that a persons dream reflected his or

    her subconscious and significant meaning.

    Transference and counter transferenceTransference= client displaces his feelings to the nurse.

    Counter transference= a nurse displace his/herfeelings to the client.

    Cross transference= both

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    Erik Erikson(1902-1994)A German born psychoanalyst.

    He developed the 8 psychosocial stages of

    development.

    Jean Piaget(1896-1980)Explored how intelligence and cognitive functioning

    developed in children.He developed the 4 stages of cognitive development.

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    AGE STAGE SIGMUND FREUD(Psychosexual)

    ERIK ERIKSON(Psychosocial)

    JEAN PIAGET(Cognitive)

    0 to18mos

    Infant Oral Trust vs. Mistrust Sensory motor

    18 to3yrs

    Toddler Anal Autonomy vs.Shame and doubt

    Sensory motor

    3 to6yrs

    Preschool Phallic Initiative vs. Guilt Pre-operational

    6 to12yrs

    School age Latent Industry vs.Inferiority

    Concreteoperational

    12 to20yrs

    adolescence Genital Identity vs. Roleconfusion

    Formal operational

    20 to

    25yrs

    Early adult Intimacy vs.

    Isolation

    25 to45yrs

    Middleadult

    Generativity vs.Stagnation

    45 up Maturity Integrity vs.

    Despair

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    ABRAHAM MASLOW

    HIERARCHY OF NEEDSSelf

    Actualization5

    Self Esteem

    Love and Belonging

    Safe and Security

    Physiologic Needs

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