BY HEBA ESSAWY

PSYCHOLOGY OF BULLYING

DEFINITION

Bullying is a distinctive pattern of deliberately harming and humiliating others.

Durable behavioral style, largely because bullies get what they want—at least at first.

Bullies are made, not born.

Happens at an early age.

(“Bullying, 2002).

TYPES OF BULLYING

1- Overt types

Physical

Verbal

2- Covert type

TYPES OF BULLYING

1. Physical bullying

Hitting,

kicking,

Pinching Pushing

Damaging property.

makes up 30.5% of school

bullying

TYPES OF BULLYING

2. Verbal bullying

Name calling,

Insults.

Teasing.intimidation.

47% of bullying

in school

Verbal abuse.

TYPES OF BULLYING

• 3. Covert bullying

• Carried out behind the bullied person's back. • Designed to harm someone's social reputation and/or

cause humiliation. Includes:* spreading rumours.* negative facial or physical gestures, menacing looks.* playing nasty jokes to embarrass and humiliate• mimicking unkindly* encouraging others to socially exclude someone* damaging someone's social reputation or social acceptance.

TYPES OF BULLYING

.4- Cyberbullying

• Overt or covert bullying behaviours using digital technologies.

• Include

- Harassment via a mobile phone.

- Deliberately excluding someone from social networking .

WHY DO PEOPLE BULLY?

• The purpose of bullying is to hide inadequacy. • Bullying has nothing to do with managing ; • Good managers manage, bad managers

bully.• Management is managing; bullying is not

managing.• Anyone who chooses to bully is admitting

their inadequacy, and the extent to which a person bullies is a measure of their inadequacy.

WHY DO PEOPLE BULLY?

• Bullies project their inadequacy on to others:

a) to avoid facing up to their inadequacy and doing something about it.b) to avoid accepting responsibility for their behaviour .c) to reduce their fear of being seen for what they are, namely a weak, inadequate and often incompetent individuals.d) to divert attention away from their inadequacy - in an insecure or badly-managed workplace. this is how inadequate, incompetent and aggressive persons keep their places.

PERSONALITY TRAIT OF BULLY

•Unaccept responsibility for their behaviour

•Enjoy the benefits of living in the adult world, but unaccept the prerequisite of adult world.

•Abdication and denial responsibility for their behaviour and its consequences.

•Refuse to know any other way of behaving

•Unwilling to recognise that there could be better ways of behaving.

•Bullying is obsessive and compulsive; the serial bully has to have someone to bully and appears to be unable to survive without a current target.

PERSONALITY TRAIT OF BULLY

low self-confidence and low self-esteem, and thus

feel insecure.

Inadequate to fulfil the duties and obligations of

their position

fear being revealed.

This fear of exposure often borders on paranoia.

PERSONALITY TRAIT OF BULLY

Bullies are seething with resentment, bitterness, hatred and anger.

have prejudices as a vehicle for removal their anger onto others.

Bullies are driven by jealousy and envy.

Rejection is a powerful motivator of bullying.

CONSEQUENCES OF SOCIAL BULLYING

Victims suffer depression, anxiety, social isolation, and low self-esteem.

Victims turn to suicide or commit homicidal acts as a result of extreme mental and social pressures.

Individuals bullied in childhood:

- Emotional wounds into adulthood,

- Leading to depression, social isolation.

- Inability to react appropriately to situations.

HOW DO BULLIES SELECT THEIR TARGETS?

• Self-deprecation, indecisiveness, and approval seeking

low assertiveness• Need to feel valued• Quick to apologise when accused, even if not

guilty (this is a useful technique for defusing an aggressive customer)

• Perfectionism• Highe- levels of dependency and guilt.• always be reasonable• High coping skills under stress.• Internalise anger rather than express it

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Harassment Workplace bullyingHas a strong physical component, eg contact and touch in all its forms, intrusion into personal space and possessions,

Almost exclusively psychological (eg criticism), may become physical later, especially with male bullies, but almost never with female bullies

Harassment is usually linked to sex, race, prejudice, discrimination, etc

Although bullies are deeply prejudiced, sex, race and gender play little part; it's usually discrimination on the basis of competence

Harassment may consist of a single incident or a few incidents or many incidents

Bullying is rarely a single incident and tends to be an accumulation of many small incidents,

The person who is being harassed knows almost straight away they are being harassed

The person being bullied may not realise they are being bullied for weeks or months - until there's a moment of enlightenment

HOW TO DEAL WITH BULLYING?

• Person should tell someone; a parent, teacher, or counselor.• Parents must take an active role in their

child’s life and safety. • Parent must take steps to stop this

behavior.

•