learning

Group 2: • Ta Quang Tuyen – BABAAU12057• Le Thi Kieu Oanh – BAFNIU13209

which is learned?do you have drooling when you taste lemon?

learning

a relatively permanent change in behavior or the

potential to make a response that occurs as a

results of experience

• a conditioned stimulus + An unconditioned stimulus

• two stimulus are paired and become associated with each other.

classical conditioning

•unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)•unconditioned Response (UCR)• conditioned Stimulus (CS)• conditioned Response (CR)

classical conditioning

classical conditioning

classical conditioning processClassical conditioning

AcquisitionSequence of CS-UCS presentation

Forward conditioning

Backward conditioning

Strength of the UCS

Number of CS-UCS pairing

ExtinctionSpontaneous recovery

Generalization and discrimination

classical conditioning

classical conditioning application

John Watson

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classical conditioning and our motives

Our motives

Learned motives

Learned goals

operant conditioning (instrumental conditioning)an organism operates on its environment to produce a change (Leahey & Harris, 2001).

• reinforcers.• schedules of reinforcers.

reinforcersa stimulus or event that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced it.

Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904 – 1990).

Skinner Box

reinforcers: positive & negative.

positive reinforcer:

• presented after target response.• increase the ability the response

will occur again.

negative reinforcer:

• removed after target response.• increase the likelihood that the

response will occur again.

schedules of reinforcersshow the rate of responding in a series of operant conditioning trials.

• continuous reinforcement: given a reinforcement after each target response occurs.• intermittent reinforcement (partial reinforcement): with two main

types ratio and interval.

intermittent reinforcement

schedules of reinforcersshow the rate of responding in a series of operant conditioning trials.

• continuous reinforcement will result in fast acquisition, but it is more susceptible to extinction.• intermittent reinforcement will result in slower acquisition, but is

more resistant to extinction.

Variable Ratio schedules tend to produce the highest rates of responding.

punishment: the opposite of reinforcement.

less effective than positive reinforcement

cognitive and social perceptives on learning

• the role of cognition.• observational learning.

the role of cognition

• insight learning: sudden grasp of a concept or the solution to a problem that result from perceptual restructuring; typically characterized by an immediate change in behavior.• latent learning: learning that has occurred but is not

demonstrated.

observational learning(modeling)

thank you.