Psychology CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION Gender test-Girls or Guys-who is smarter ie/15.php.
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Transcript of Psychology CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION Gender test-Girls or Guys-who is smarter ie/15.php.
Gender test-Girls or Guys-who is smarter
• http://viscog.beckman.illinois.edu/flashmovie/15.php
What is Real Psychology and What is Pseudo-psychology?
• Pseudo-psychology is the phony or unscientific psychology which pretends to be the real thing.
link
A BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
• Greeks: 5th-6th centuries B.C.
• -Behavior is not dominated by the Gods, but by their own minds.
MODERN PSYCHOLOGY• Structuralism.• Wilhelm Wundt established
the first psychology lab in Germany in 1879.
• He developed a method of self-observation called introspection.
• He tried to map out the thought process.
Darwin’s influence on Psych
• Human/Animal Continuity
• Individual Differences
• Adaptability
• Importance of Environment
• Emphasis on Change
FUNCTIONALISM• William James, the first
American psychologist, felt that structuralism was too limited.
• He focused on survival.
• He studied how mental processes, emotions, and self-concept worked to influence behavior.
Psychoanalysis
• Sigmund Freud asserted that behavior and mental processes reflect unconscious conflicts within each person.
• He developed a theory of personality and analyzed people’s dreams.
• Childhood experiences are the “root” of all problems.
• Interpretation of Dreams
Behaviorism
• Watson refuted introspection and focused on only observable behavior that could be measured.
• Behaviorists argue that all behavior is learned.
• John Watson believed that we are conditioned to respond a certain way to stimuli. The responses we get “shape” our behavior.
• -Little Albert
Behaviorist Ctd.
• Ivan Pavlov used conditioning of dogs to show that behavior is learned.
• The dogs were conditioned to salivate when a tone was sounded.
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
• Sir Francis Galton
• Study of Genius
• Nature v. Nurture
• Early Personality and Intelligence Tests-Extremes of retardation and giftedness
• Eugenics
Humanism• This perspective emphasizes the unique
qualities of humans. • Free will, self-concept, and self-fulfillment are
emphasized.• People are naturally positive and growth
seeking.-Anti-Freudian• Ex. - desire for love, self-esteem, acceptance,
etc.
Biological Perspective
• Our behavior is a result of our physiological processes and biological development.
• Study psychological effects of genes, hormones, activity of the nervous system and the brain.
The Cognitive Perspective
• Cognitive theorists focus on the processes of thinking, remembering, decision-making.
• How people take in, retrieve, store, and process information.
Cognitive Example
• Count backward from 100 by threes.• Write down the list of words from before.• Shoe Sandwich• Blouse Fruit• Pants Potato• Skirt Soup• Did you categorized them? • This is a basic finding of cognitive psychologists.