Integrated Ego Development - Moral & Adolescent Psychology Lab
Psychology 230 Lab Manual 2006-2007people.stfx.ca/jmorgen/230/Lab Manuals/Psychology... · Office...
Transcript of Psychology 230 Lab Manual 2006-2007people.stfx.ca/jmorgen/230/Lab Manuals/Psychology... · Office...
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Psychology 230 Lab Manual 2014-2015
Brain and Behaviour ~ Term 1
Lab Instructor: Jennifer Morgen
Office: 109H
Office Hours: Tuesdays and Wednesdays from 08:30 – 10:00
* If you can not come during these times, please contact me*
Telephone: 867-5014
Email: [email protected]
Lab Location: Room 122 JBBH (basement in JBBH)
Lab Value: 20% of course grades
Lab breakdown:
Attendance, pop-quizzes, weekly Moodle submissions, and participation: 30%
Christmas Lab Exam: 30%
Final Lab Exam: 40%
Please note attendance is a required component of Psychology 230. Students will be required
to submit weekly activities via Moodle. Instructions will be given during lab each week.
This is a dissection lab; as such individuals coming to class unprepared or inappropriately
attired will be asked to leave and marked absent for that day’s class.
This means:
- No opened toed shoes/sandals will be allowed
- No food or drink permitted in the lab (water bottles are Not permitted)
- Students participating in dissection or handling the specimens must wear protective
glasses and gloves, which will be provided in lab.
Required Materials:
Vanderwolf, C.H., & Cooley, R. K. (2002). The Sheep Brain: A Photographic Series (2nd ed.).
London, Ontario: A.J. Kirby Co.
Pinel, J. (2005). Biopsychology (8th ed.). n/a.: Allyn and Bacon.
Psychology 230 Lab Manual 2014-15
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General Outline
This is a comparative lab designed to help familiarize you with the gross anatomy of
the sheep’s brain. In groups of two or three, you will dissect a sheep’s brain, identifying
major structures, pathways, and connections as you go along. You will be responsible for the
anatomy and physiology of the structures identified during this lab.
During each lab you are expected to investigate a portion of the brain. The
important structures will be indicated in this manual; however, you are responsible for
sketching, labeling and identifying the functions of these structures with your own specimen.
Please note that there are individual differences even among the sheep. The diagrams in the
manual represent an optimal specimen. If your sheep’s brain is missing structures or does
not clearly show the structures you are to identify, please notify the Lab Instructor. Good
specimens within the lab will be shared with all groups; also photographic series will show
good specimens between lab sections.
Please note that 30% of your lab grade is based on attendance, participation, weekly
submissions, and pop-quizzes. You should come to lab having reviewed the relevant material
in this lab manual and your textbook, as well as having familiarized yourself with the related
slides in The Sheep Brain: A Photographic Series. Quizzes may be drawn from the previous lab or
the current day’s lab. For weekly submission, you must submit the functions of the
structures discussed in lab by each Friday following lab. You are responsible for the terms in
bold only.
This lab will begin September 15, 2014*. The midterm exam will be held on
November 21, 2014* and will account for 30% of your lab mark. It will be held during class
time (not during your lab section) and will be a written exam. It will only consist of material
covered to date. Your final exam will account for 40% of your final lab grade and will be
held in the JBBH lab and will be cumulative, covering material from terms 1 and 2. (*These
dates are tentative).
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Images obtained from http://academic.scranton.edu/department/psych/sheep/newsheep/practice/welcome3.html And http://www.psychology.uoguelph.ca/learnmatl/sheep_labman/MidSagittalCuts.html
Lab One ~ Dorsal View
Pages 16 & 17 in Vanderwolf & Cooley
Important Terms: (these terms are the basis for your Christmas exam!)
- Rostral/Anterior: Head or front end
- Caudal/Posterior: Tail or hind end
- Dorsal: Back or top surface
- Ventral: Belly or bottom surface
- Lateral: Away from the midline
- Medial: Toward the midline
Once we are “inside” the brain (i.e. mid-sagittal or coronal slices) we use the terms Superior
and Inferior to describe the position of structures rather than Dorsal/Ventral.
Examples:
Incorrect: The Fornix is Dorsal to the
Thalamus
Correct: The Fornix is Superior to the
Thalamus
Incorrect: The Temporal lobe is Inferior
to the Parietal Lobe
Correct: The Temporal lobe is
Lateral/Ventral to the Parietal Lobe
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Divisions of the cortex (Describe the primary functions of each lobe)
Frontal Lobe:
Parietal Lobe:
Temporal Lobe:
Occipital Lobe:
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Images obtained from http://academic.scranton.edu/department/psych/sheep/newsheep/practice/welcome3.html and http://www.psychology.uoguelph.ca/learnmatl/sheep_labman/MidSagittalCuts.html
Sulci and Gyri
Begin investigating the dorsal surface of the brain. The outermost portion of the brain is the
cortex, which contains convolutions of various depths called sulci (singular: sulcus), fissures
and gyri (singular: gyrus). The largest furrows are called fissures, while the smaller ones are
called sulci. The “bulges” of cortex are the gyri.
Important fissures (identify divisions) and gyri (identify functions)
Medial Longitudinal Fissure:
Cruciate/Central Fissure:
Superior Frontal Fissure: (no function necessary)
Rhinal/Lateral Fissure:
Precentral Gyrus:
Postcentral Gyrus:
Superior Temporal Gyri:
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Images obtained from http://academic.scranton.edu/department/psych/sheep/newsheep/practice/welcome3.html and http://www.psychology.uoguelph.ca/learnmatl/sheep_labman/MidSagittalCuts.html
Subdivisions of the brain:
The brain is divided into different sections. You should know them all and be able to
identify which structures are in which subdivision of the brain.
Forebrain
Telencephalon: (including Rhinencephalon)
Diencephalon:
Midbrain
Mesencephalon:
Hindbrain
Metencephalon:
Mylencephalon:
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Images obtained from http://academic.scranton.edu/department/psych/sheep/newsheep/practice/welcome3.html and http://www.psychology.uoguelph.ca/learnmatl/sheep_labman/MidSagittalCuts.html
Lateral diagram
Cerebellum
Lateral olfactory tract
Olfactory bulb
Pyriform lobe
Rhinal/Lateral fissure
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Lab 1 Drawings & Functions
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Images obtained from http://academic.scranton.edu/department/psych/sheep/newsheep/practice/welcome3.html
Lab Two ~ Cranial Nerves
Page 18 in Vanderwolf & Cooley
Being examining the ventral surface of your specimen. Some cranial nerves may be intact
and visible on your specimen. The nerves look like round, flat openings that protrude from
the ventral surface. Using the diagram provided in the manual and your textbook, identify as
many sets of cranial nerves as possible. Be familiar with their location/order as well as their
function(s) and fibre type. You should be able to find cranial nerves I, II, III, and VI without
difficulty.
*Please note that only a few nerves will still be visible on your specimen. The important
information is approximately where they are and what they do rather than to be able to
locate them on a specimen. Identify whether the nerve is primarily motor, sensory or both
and what it controls/relays in each case.
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Lab 2 Drawings & Functions
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Lab Three ~ Ventral Surface
Page 18 in Vanderwolf & Cooley
Continue investigating the ventral surface of your specimen.
Using your manual and textbook, locate all structures listed and give the function of those in
bold.
Ventral diagram
Cerebral Peduncle
Entorhinal cortex
Infundibulum
Interpeduncular fossa
Mammillary body
Medulla
Olfactory bulbs
Olfactory tracts
Optic chiasm
Optic nerve
Optic tract
Pons
Pyramidal tract
Spinal cord
Trapezoid body
Ventral median fissure
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Lab 3 Drawings & Functions
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Lab Four ~ Mid-Sagittal Slice
Pages 21 & 22 in Vanderwolf & Cooley
Now that we have studied the external surface of the brain we are ready to begin dissecting.
Our first slice will be a mid-sagittal slice, directly through the mid-line of the brain.
*Do not begin cutting until properly instructed to do so*
*Do not stick the dissection tools into the tray wax*
Place your specimen in a dissection tray with its dorsal surface up. Have a pair of forceps
and a scalpel ready at hand (Please use caution when handling the scalpels as they are very
sharp). When instructed, begin at the most anterior portion and place the scalpel blade along
the medial longitudinal fissure. Draw the blade toward you in a single fluid motion. Do
Not plunge the blade into the specimen. If the blade becomes snagged, do not re-cut the
same area over, rather, spread the two hemispheres apart and continue the slice in the same
motion. The forceps may be used to separate the hemispheres, or one partner may hold the
specimen while the other slices. Cut only the depth of the blade. Slicing the brain will
require several passes.
You have just divided the brain into two hemispheres and many internal structures are now
visible. Please diagram your specimen, identify the following structures and give the
functions of those structures which are in bold.
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Mid-sagittal diagram
IVth ventricle
Anterior commisure
Cerebral aqueduct
Cingulate gyrus
Corpus callosum
Fornix
Habenula
Inferior colliculus
Lateral ventricle
Mammillary body
Massa intermedia
Medulla
Optic chiasm
Pineal body
Pons
Posterior commissure
Primary fissure
Septum pellicidum
Spinal cord
Superior colliculus
Tegmentum
*When you have finished, please rinse the dissection tray and your tools in the designated
sink. Stack the trays, leave your scalpels at the front, and replace any pointers/forceps etc.
in their containers with the pointy ends down.*
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Lab 4 Drawings & Functions
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Lab Five ~ Visual Projections
Pages 88 & 89 in Vanderwolf & Cooley
Images from: http://www.doc.gold.ac.uk/~mas02fl/MSC101/Vision/Pics/VisualPathways.jpg
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Binocular Depth Perception
Monocular Depth Perception
Binocular area
Images from: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/The_Senses
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Lab Five ~ Auditory Projections
Pages 86 & 87 in Vanderwolf & Cooley
Image from: http://ivertigo.net/graphics/audiology/pathsLAB.jpg
Cochlear
Projections
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*This is the end of the first term material*
Your Christmas Lab Midterm will be held at 9:30 AM on
Friday, November 21th
, 2014
Answer Key for Matching
Lab 1
1, 4, 5, 2, 3
Lab 3
13, 12, 6, 4, 5, 14, 8, 9, 7, 10, 11, 3, 1, 16, 2, 15
Lab 4
21, 13, 18, 10, 9, 12, 6, 3, 8, 15, 7, 20, 14, 5, 19, 16, 2, 11, 1, 4, 17