Psychodynamic Approach & Sigmund Freud. Assumptions of the Psychodynamic Approach 1) A large part of...
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Transcript of Psychodynamic Approach & Sigmund Freud. Assumptions of the Psychodynamic Approach 1) A large part of...
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Psychodynamic Psychodynamic Approach & Sigmund Approach & Sigmund
FreudFreud
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Assumptions of the Assumptions of the Psychodynamic ApproachPsychodynamic Approach
1) 1) A large part of our mental life operates A large part of our mental life operates on an unconscious levelon an unconscious level
Slips of the tongue and accidents have an Slips of the tongue and accidents have an unconscious explanationunconscious explanation
Thought and memories can be held in the Thought and memories can be held in the unconscious mind by repressionunconscious mind by repression
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2) Early childhood is important for the development of the adult personality
Fixation in a stage of Freud’s stages of psychosexual development can affect the adult personality.
Traumatic events in childhood can be repressed but they still have an impact on the adult
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3)Freuds main assumption was that the sexual instinct is the primary driving force in mental life
It operates unconsciously in the id
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The Unconscious Mind
• Freud believed that many things going on in our mental lives took place on an unconscious level.
• This means that the true motivation behind our behaviour may be unknown to us.
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Freud saw the mind as being like an iceberg with the largest part
unseen
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The Three Parts of the Mind• Conscious mind:
what we are aware of.
• Pre-conscious mind: Material which can be easily recalled
• Unconscious mind: Material buried deeply which we are not aware of
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Structure of the mindFreud saw the mind as
being in three parts
The IdThe Ego The Super-Ego
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The IdThe Id
Present from birth and contains basic Present from birth and contains basic drives and instincts.drives and instincts.
Resides in the unconscious mindResides in the unconscious mind
Totally selfishTotally selfish
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The Id
• Operates on the pleasure principle
• If needs are not met the id is extreme in reaction
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The Ego
Starts to emerge during first few months of life
It develops as the child realises that some behaviours are unacceptable.
It is the part of us we are consciously aware of and operates on the reality principle.
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The Super-Ego• Develops as the child
grows
• It tell us what we ought and ought not to do
• Unrealistic and operates on the idealism principle
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• The ego must compromise between the demands of the id and the super-ego and decide how we will behave
Id Ego Super-ego
Behaviour
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Stages of Psychosexual Stages of Psychosexual Development Development
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Oral Stage 0 – 1 yr
• Libido focussed on the
• mouth
• Pleasure derived from sucking and biting.
• Early or late weaning can lead to fixation in this stage and the adult is always putting things into their mouths
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Anal Stage 1 to 3 yr• Libido focused on the anus
• Pleasure derived from defecation.
• If potty training is too early or too late the adult will be fixated in this stage and be obsessively neat
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Anal Stage 1 to 3 yr
Too strict potty training makes the adult anally retentive: mean stubborn grasping Too pleasurable potty training makes the adult anally expulsive: over generous
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Phallic Stage
• Libido is focus on the penis
• Gender role develops via the Oedipus and Electra complex
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Latency Stage 5 to puberty
Libido is diffuse throughout the body
Genital Stage Puberty onwards
Libido is focused on the genitals
Attraction is to the opposite sex