PsychExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
-
Upload
psychexchangecouk -
Category
Documents
-
view
440 -
download
1
Transcript of PsychExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
[ T y p e t h e c o m p a n y n a m e ]
[ T y p e t h e c o m p a n y
a d d r e s s ]
[ T y p e t h e p h o n e n u m b e r ]
[ T y p e t h e f a x n u m b e r ]
[ P i c k t h e d a t e ]
[Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is
typically a short summary of the contents of the document.
Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is
typically a short summary of the contents of the
document.]
Past exam papers unit 2 PSYA2 2009-2012
2
June 2009 SECTION A: BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
.
1 The following are features of the pituitary-adrenal system and the sympathomedullary
pathway.
Tick the boxes next to three features of the sympathomedullary pathway.
Noradrenaline
Pituitary gland
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
Sympathetic nervous system
(Tick three boxes only)
(3 marks)
2 Questionnaires have often been used in stress research to measure the impact of life changes
on health.
Outline one advantage and one disadvantage of using questionnaires in stress research.
One advantage ...........................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
One disadvantage ......................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(3 marks + 3 marks)
3 During the last few months, Paula has suffered from headaches and colds, and has been
having difficulty sleeping. She decided to keep a diary and found that her headaches, colds
and sleep problems were associated with experiences such as having too much homework,
losing house keys and being stuck in traffic.
3 (a) What is the name for these sorts of stress-related experiences?
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
3
3 (b) Use your knowledge of psychology to explain why Paula might be feeling unwell.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)
(Extra space) ......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................ 5 4 Discuss one or more physiological methods of stress management.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(10 marks)
(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................
4
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................... 10 7
5
SECTION B: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
5 Explain what is meant by locus of control.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)
(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................... 4 Total for this question: 2 marks
6 It is Ani‟s first day in a new job and he spends a lot of time watching to see what his
colleagues are doing, so that he will fit in with them and be liked. Explain Ani‟s behaviour
in terms of compliance.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
7 (a) Outline one method that psychologists have used to study conformity.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
7 (b) Explain one limitation of this method.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
7 (c) Suggest an appropriate way of overcoming this limitation.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
(
6
8 Outline and evaluate one or more explanations of why people obey.
You may use this space to plan your answer
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(12 marks)
...............................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
7
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................... 12
SECTION C: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
9 (a) Describe key features of the behavioural approach to psychopathology.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)
(Extra space) ......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
9 (b) Outline one limitation of the behavioural approach to psychopathology.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
8
10 One way of defining abnormality is to see whether or not someone meets the criteria for
mental health. Ivan has high self-esteem and a strong sense of identity.
10 (a) Describe two other criteria that you would expect Ivan to display if he were
psychologically healthy.
Criteria 1 ...........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Criteria 2 ...........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks + 2 marks)
10 (b) Outline one weakness of defining abnormality in terms of mental health.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
11 Sally often gets anxious for no apparent reason. She believes that people do not like her and
becomes distressed when she has to meet strangers. She is very nervous when faced with
new or unexpected situations. Sally has been referred to a therapist for psychoanalysis.
11 (a) Outline two techniques used in psychoanalysis.
Technique 1 ......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Technique 2 ......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks + 2 marks)
11 (b) Sally asks whether there are any problems with this therapy. What would you tell her?
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
11 (c) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is another psychological therapy. Explain why this
might be an appropriate therapy for Sally‟s problems.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
9
12 Describe the use of ECT (electro-convulsive therapy) in treating abnormality.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)
(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................... 4 END OF QUESTIONS
Psychology PSYA2 Tuesday 13 January 2009 9.00 am to 10.30 am SECTION A: BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
Answer all questions.
Total for this question: 4 marks
1 You are a passenger in a car that has suddenly slammed on its brakes to avoid hitting a dog.
Your breathing quickens, your mouth is dry and you have a feeling of „butterflies‟ in your
stomach. But after a few minutes these physical changes start to disappear. Using your
knowledge of the body‟s response to stress, explain why you are likely to have experienced:
1 (a) the changes that occurred in the first 30 seconds;
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
1 (b) the changes that occurred after a few minutes.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
10
2 A doctor has been given a new drug to test, which is intended to help boost the immune
system and help prevent people from getting colds.
How have psychologists investigated the relationship between stress and the immune system?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)
(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
3 (a) Outline what is meant by Type A behaviour.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
3 (b) Outline a method used by psychologists to assess whether someone shows
Type A behaviour.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
4 Psychologists have found that the physical environment (eg noise and heat) can be a source
of stress in the workplace.
Apart from the physical environment, outline two other sources of stress in the workplace.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
6
Total for this question: 8 marks
11
SECTION B: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Answer all questions.
Total for this question: 2 marks
6 The following statements are all related to conformity.
A Doing what the group does in order to be liked by them.
B Doing what the group does because we do not know what else to do.
C Going along with the group, even if we do not really agree with what they are doing.
D Going along with the group because we accept their beliefs and attitudes into our own
cognitions.
In the table below, write which statement, A, B, C or D, describes each type of conformity.
Type of conformity Statement
Internalisation
Compliance
(2 marks)
7 When we are in a large group of friends, it is very easy to agree with them and simply go
along with their views. However, sometimes we are able to resist the pressure to conform.
Using what you have learned from studying conformity, outline one reason why we might
resist the pressure to conform.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
8 Milgram‟s work into obedience provided us with valuable insights into why people obey,
even though it was carried out in a laboratory.
8 (a) Outline two explanations of why people obey.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks + 2 marks)
12
8 (b) Milgram‟s work can be criticised for being unethical. Describe one way in which his
work is unethical.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
8 (c) Apart from ethical issues, give one strength and one limitation of Milgram‟s
methodology.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks + 2 marks)
Total for this question: 4 marks
9 In a hospital, you are very likely to obey a nurse. However, if you meet her outside the
hospital, for example in a shop, you are much less likely to obey. Using your knowledge of
how people resist pressures to obey, explain why you are less likely to obey the nurse outside
the hospital.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)
(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
13
10 What are the implications for social change of research into social influence?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(6 marks)
(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
SECTION C: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
Answer all questions.
11 Before leaving the house each morning, Angus has to go round checking that all the lights
are switched off. He has to do this several times before he leaves and it makes him late for
work.
11 (a) Give one definition of abnormality.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
11 (b) Use this definition to explain why Angus‟ behaviour might be viewed as abnormal.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
Total for this question: 4 marks
12 (a) Which two of the following statements (A – E) apply to the behavioural approach to
psychopathology? Tick the two correct boxes.
A Unresolved confl icts in childhood affect adult behaviour.
B All behaviour is learned in the same way.
C Abnormal behaviour is caused by faulty thinking.
D The same basic laws that explain animal behaviour can also explain human
behaviour.
E Irrational thoughts lead to abnormal behaviour.
(2 marks) for marking
14
12 (b) Explain one limitation of the behavioural approach to psychopathology.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
Total for this question: 5 marks
13 Claire constantly worries that she will be unable to finish a task. She thinks that if she does
not complete it perfectly, it will not be worth doing. These thoughts are so bad that she finds
it difficult starting anything and her work is suffering.
13 (a) Outline what is involved in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)
13 (b) Why might Cognitive Behavioural Therapy be appropriate for Claire?
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
14 Outline and evaluate the biological approach to psychopathology.
You may use this space to plan your answer
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
15
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(12 marks)
(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
Psychology PSYA2 (Specification A) Thursday 21 January 2010 9.00 am to 10.30 am SECTION A: BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
Total for this question: 3 marks
1 Outline the main features of the pituitary-adrenal system.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)
16
2 Sandy and Vandita play for the same netball team. Two weeks ago, while playing in a
competition, they both grazed their elbows. Vandita‟s wound is healing well, but Sandy‟s
wound is taking much longer to heal. Sandy is very worried about the plans for her wedding
and her forthcoming house move.
Using your knowledge of psychology, explain why Sandy‟s wound is taking longer to heal
than Vandita‟s.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(4 marks) ...............................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
3 (a) One measure of the functioning of the immune system is the level of activity of white
blood cells.
What does the graph below tell you about the relationship between stress and the level
of activity of white blood cells?
Measure of
white blood
cell activity
as a
percentage
of normal
level
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
3 (b) Outline one strength and one weakness of using correlations in stress research.
Strength .............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Weakness ..........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)
____
17
4 Describe personality factors that have been shown to influence the way people respond to
stress.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(5 marks)
(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
5 Mr Harris is about to move his business into a brand new building. He is very keen to
create a healthy working environment and reduce workplace stress. In this way, he hopes to
improve productivity and reduce absenteeism.
What advice would you give Mr Harris? Use your knowledge of psychological research in
this area.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(6 marks)
(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
18
SECTION B: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
6 (a) Explain what is meant by internalisation in the context of conformity.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
6 (b) Explain what is meant by compliance in the context of conformity.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
4M
7 (b) Most research into conformity takes place in a laboratory. Outline one strength of
conducting research into conformity in a laboratory.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
8 Three students, George, Petra and Dan, have just started in the sixth form. Dan is a confident
person who thinks that his fate lies firmly in his hands. By the end of the first week, Dan has
put himself forward to be nominated as the class representative. Petra has also put her name
forward to be nominated. She believes it is just luck whether or not she will be selected
and feels that there is not much she can do about it. George did not put his name forward
because his father told him not to.
8 (a) (i) What type of locus of control does Petra‟s behaviour show?
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
8 (a) (ii) What type of locus of control does Dan‟s behaviour show?
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
8 (a) (iii) George did not put his name forward as the class representative. Use your
knowledge of social influence research to explain this.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(1 mark + 1 mark + 2 marks)
19
8 (b) Which one of the three students is most likely to resist pressures to conform? Use your
knowledge of psychology to explain your choice.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)
(Extra space) ......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
9 Describe how social influence research has contributed to our understanding of social change.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(6 marks)
(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
20
SECTION C: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
Total for this question: 12 marks
10 “Abnormality is very difficult to define. It can be hard to decide where normal behaviour
ends and abnormal behaviour begins.”
Discuss two or more definitions of abnormality.
You may use this space to plan your answer
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(12) 13 G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2 Areas outside
the box will
not be scanned
for marking
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(12 marks)
(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
21
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................)
...............................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
11 Identify and outline key features of two psychological approaches to psychopathology.
Approach 1 ................................................................................................................................
Key features ...............................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
Approach 2 ................................................................................................................................
Key features ...............................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(6 marks)
22
12 Hamish has a phobia of heights. This phobia has now become so bad that he has difficulty
in going to his office on the third floor, and he cannot even sit on the top deck of a bus any
more. He has decided to try systematic de-sensitisation to help him with his problem.
Explain how the therapist might use systematic de-sensitisation to help Hamish to overcome
his phobia.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
(6 marks)
(Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
____
Psychology PSYA2 (Specification A) Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and Individual Differences Thursday 10 June 2010 9.00 am to 10.30 am
1 (a) What might the researcher conclude from these data? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 1 (b) Identify one limitation of this study and explain how you would correct it. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 1 (c) Outline one problem-focused approach to coping with stress. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (2 marks + 2 marks + 2 marks) ____
6
23
2 Harry always meets deadlines. He hates being late and always likes to keep himself busy with plenty to do. Alex does not mind being late for anything and although he tries to meet deadlines, he is not worried if he misses some of them. 2 (a) Is Harry or Alex more likely to have Type A personality? ........................................................................................................................................... Explain why having Type A personality makes him more likely to suffer the negative effects of stress. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (1 mark + 3 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 2 (b) Outline one way in which psychologists measure Type A personality. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (2 marks) 3 Outline and evaluate research into the relationship between the immune system and stress-related illness. You may use this space to plan your answer ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
24
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... (12 marks) ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
25
4 (a) Milgram‟s experiments into obedience can be criticised as being unethical. Describe two ethical issues that can be illustrated by Milgram‟s research. Ethical Issue One ............................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... Ethical Issue Two ............................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) 4 (b) Choose one of the ethical issues identified in your answer to 4(a) and explain a way of dealing with it. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (2 marks) Total for this question: 4 marks 5 For many years, smoking in public places such as trains, pubs and restaurants was quite acceptable. People could smoke wherever they wanted and non-smokers had to put up with smoky atmospheres. However, in 2007, the Government finally introduced a law banning smoking in public places and those who smoke are limited in where they can smoke. Using your knowledge of the psychology of social change, explain how this social change has occurred. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
26
6 Explain how locus of control influences independent behaviour. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ____ 7 The following phrases refer to different types of conformity. Select the two phrases that describe internalisation. Tick two boxes only. A The deepest level of conformity. B The individual conforms publicly with the rest of the group but may privately disagree with them. C The beliefs of the group become part of the individual‟s own belief system. D The individual goes along with the group but does not agree with them. E The individual changes his/her beliefs, but it is a temporary change. (2 marks) ____
2 10 Do not write
outside the box G/T52601/Jun10/PSYA2
Total for this question: 8 marks 8 Outline and evaluate explanations of conformity. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (8 marks)
27
Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ____
8
(10)
Section C Individual Differences 9 (a) Outline two definitions of abnormality. Definition One .................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... Definition Two .................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (3 marks + 3 marks) 9 (b) Choose one of these definitions and describe a limitation associated with it. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (2 marks) 10 (a) Outline key features of the psychodynamic approach to psychopathology. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
28
10 (b) The behavioural approach assumes that abnormal behaviour is learnt through classical conditioning, operant conditioning and imitation. Evaluate the behavioural approach to psychopathology. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 11 Dr Francis has been treating a patient with severe depression. He has been prescribing anti-depressant drugs and although, initially, the patient appeared to show some improvement, it was only temporary. Dr Francis has offered her ECT but she knows very little about it. 11 (a) What information could Dr Francis give to the patient about this therapy? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... G/T52601/Jun10/PSYA2
11 (b) The patient decides not to have ECT and asks Dr Francis what other therapies are available. He suggests Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Describe how CBT would be used to treat her. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
29
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
30
Psychology PSYA2 (Specification A) Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and Individual Differences Thursday 10 June 2010 9.00 am to 10.30 am Section A Biological Psychology Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Total for this question: 6 marks 1 The following data show the results from a study into different strategies for coping with stress. 100 student volunteers were first given a talk about emotion-focused approaches and then given a talk about problem-focused approaches. They were then asked which one of these strategies they generally preferred. Preferred coping strategy Emotion-focused approach Problem-focused approach Men 11 39 Women 27 23 1 (a) What might the researcher conclude from these data? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 1 (b) Identify one limitation of this study and explain how you would correct it. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Harry always meets deadlines. He hates being late and always likes to keep himself busy with plenty to do. Alex does not mind being late for anything and although he tries to meet deadlines, he is not worried if he misses some of them. 2 (a) Is Harry or Alex more likely to have Type A personality? ........................................................................................................................................... Explain why having Type A personality makes him more likely to suffer the negative effects of stress. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (1 mark + 3 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
31
2 (b) Outline one way in which psychologists measure Type A personality. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (2 marks)
Total for this question: 12 marks 3 Outline and evaluate research into the relationship between the immune system and stress-related illness. You may use this space to plan your answer ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
32
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... (12 marks) ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... Section B Social Psychology Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Total for this question: 6 marks 4 (a) Milgram‟s experiments into obedience can be criticised as being unethical. Describe two ethical issues that can be illustrated by Milgram‟s research. Ethical Issue One ............................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... Ethical Issue Two ............................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) 4 (b) Choose one of the ethical issues identified in your answer to 4(a) and explain a way of dealing with it. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (2 marks) ____
33
Total for this question: 4 marks 5 For many years, smoking in public places such as trains, pubs and restaurants was quite acceptable. People could smoke wherever they wanted and non-smokers had to put up with smoky atmospheres. However, in 2007, the Government finally introduced a law banning smoking in public places and those who smoke are limited in where they can smoke. Using your knowledge of the psychology of social change, explain how this social change has occurred. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Explain how locus of control influences independent behaviour. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... Total for this question: 2 marks
34
7 The following phrases refer to different types of conformity. Select the two phrases that describe internalisation. Tick two boxes only. A The deepest level of conformity. B The individual conforms publicly with the rest of the group but may privately disagree with them. C The beliefs of the group become part of the individual‟s own belief system. D The individual goes along with the group but does not agree with them. E The individual changes his/her beliefs, but it is a temporary change. (2 marks) ____
2 10 Do not write
outside the box G/T52601/Jun10/PSYA2
Total for this question: 8 marks 8 Outline and evaluate explanations of conformity. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (8 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
35
Section C Individual Differences Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Total for this question: 8 marks 9 (a) Outline two definitions of abnormality. Definition One .................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... Definition Two .................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (3 marks + 3 marks) 9 (b) Choose one of these definitions and describe a limitation associated with it. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (2 marks)
Total for this question: 8 marks 10 (a) Outline key features of the psychodynamic approach to psychopathology. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 10 (b) The behavioural approach assumes that abnormal behaviour is learnt through classical conditioning, operant conditioning and imitation. Evaluate the behavioural approach to psychopathology. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
36
(4 marks) ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ____
11 Dr Francis has been treating a patient with severe depression. He has been prescribing anti-depressant drugs and although, initially, the patient appeared to show some improvement, it was only temporary. Dr Francis has offered her ECT but she knows very little about it. 11 (a) What information could Dr Francis give to the patient about this therapy? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
11 (b) The patient decides not to have ECT and asks Dr Francis what other therapies are available. He suggests Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Describe how CBT would be used to treat her. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................
37
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
Psychology (Specification A) PSYA2 Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and Individual Differences Tuesday 7 June 2011 1.30 pm to 3.00 pm
38
Section A Biological Psychology Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Total for this question: 4 marks 1 The body‟s response to stress includes the pituitary-adrenal system and the sympathomedullary pathway. The following are all features of this stress response. A Adrenal medulla B Noradrenaline C Adrenal cortex D Adrenaline E Cortisol/Corticosteroids F Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) Select two from the above list that are linked to the pituitary-adrenal system and two from the list that are linked to the sympathomedullary pathway. Put one letter in each box. Pituitary-adrenal system Sympathomedullary pathway (4 marks) 2 Psychologists sometimes use questionnaires to find out about stress. Explain two strengths of using questionnaires in research. Strength one ..................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... Strength two ..................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (2 marks + 2 marks)
Total for this question: 5 marks 3 Describe one or more studies of workplace stress. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (5 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
39
4 Mark is very competitive and he hates losing any game he plays. At work, he is often impatient and likes working to tight deadlines. He can become quite hostile when challenged. 4 (a) What personality type is Mark likely to have? ........................................................................................................................................... (1 mark) 4 (b) Using your knowledge of how personality factors can affect the body‟s response to stress, explain how Mark might respond to the effects of stress. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ____
5 5 (a) Name one psychological method of stress management. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (1 mark) 5 (b) Explain strengths of this psychological method of stress management. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (5 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
40
Section B Social Psychology 6 “Not everyone conforms or obeys authority; some people resist these pressures and remain independent.” Outline and evaluate research relating to independent behaviour. You may use this space to plan your answer ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (12 marks) ................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
41
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... ____
7 (a) Explain why it is sometimes necessary to deceive participants in social influence research. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (2 marks) 7 (b) Describe one way in which deception has been dealt with in social influence research. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (2 marks) 8 Jan and Norah have just finished their first year at university where they lived in a house with six other students. All the other students were very health conscious and ate only organic food. Jan had listened to their point of view and now she also eats only organic food. Norah was happy to eat organic food while in the house, but when she went home for the holidays she ate whatever her mother cooked. Both girls conformed, but for different reasons. Explain which type of conformity each girl was showing. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks)
42
Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 9 Outline two explanations of why people obey. Explanation One .............................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... Explanation Two .............................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (2 marks + 2 marks) Section C Individual Differences 10 Two different drug therapies were tested on a group of patients. All the patients suffered with the same anxiety disorder. Half the patients were given Therapy A and the other half were given Therapy B. Improvement was assessed on a scale from 0 – 25, where 0 = no improvement. The table below shows the improvement made between the start and the end of the treatment. Average and range of improvement scores Average Range Therapy A 6.5 2 – 19 Therapy B 6 4 – 9 Explain what these findings suggest about the different therapies? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
43
Total for this question: 6 marks 11 Diane is a 30-year-old business woman and if she does not get her own way she sometimes has a temper tantrum. Recently, she attended her grandmother‟s funeral and laughed during the prayers. When she talks to people she often stands very close to them, making them feel uncomfortable. 11 (a) Identify one definition of abnormality that could describe Diane‟s behaviour. Explain your choice. Definition .......................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... Explanation of your choice ............................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (1 mark + 2 marks) 11 (b) Explain one limitation of this way of defining abnormal behaviour. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (3 marks) Total for this question: 6 marks 12 There are various types of psychological therapy for treating abnormality. 12 (a) Outline what is involved in psychoanalysis. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (3 marks) 12 (b) Outline what is involved in systematic de-sensitisation. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (3 marks)
44
13 Outline and evaluate the biological approach to psychopathology. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (8 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
Psychology (Specification A) PSYA2 Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and Individual Differences Tuesday 17 January 2012 1.30 pm to 3.00 pm Section A Biological Psychology Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Total for this question: 4 marks 1 Describe one research study that has investigated stress in the workplace. In your answer you should include details of what was done and what was found. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ____
4
45
2 Lee and Denis were talking in the doctor‟s waiting room. Denis remarked that his new neighbours were very noisy and that whenever he drove into town it was getting increasingly difficult to find anywhere to park. Lee said that his wife had died recently and that he was just about to retire. Using examples from the conversation above, discuss the difference between life changes and daily hassles. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Both life changes and daily hassles are often measured using questionnaires. Give two limitations of using questionnaires. Limitation One .................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... Limitation Two ................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... (2 marks + 2 marks) Total for this question: 12 marks
46
4 „There are several methods used to manage the negative effects of stress. These methods can be biological or psychological.‟ Discuss two or more methods of stress management. You may use this space to plan your answer ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (12 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
47
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... Section B Social Psychology 5 Josie, Hana and Caitlyn have just started new jobs and all three are keen to do well. Josie laughs a lot at the jokes her colleagues tell, even though she does not always find them very funny. Hana observes her colleagues closely and makes sure that she completes the work in the same way that they do, so that she does not make any mistakes. Caitlyn prefers to learn through trial and error. She believes that by trying and by making mistakes, she will really understand what she is doing. Which girl‟s behaviour is being influenced by normative social influence and which girl‟s behaviour is being influenced by informational social influence? Justify both choices. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (6 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ____
48
6 Using your knowledge of psychology, explain why some people might resist pressures to conform. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Explain one or more reasons why people obey authority. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (6 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 8 Describe two ethical issues that can be illustrated by Milgram‟s research into obedience to authority. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
49
...........................................................................................................................................
Total for this question: 4 marks 9 How has social influence research helped our understanding of social change? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ____ 10 The following scattergram shows the relationship between the number of weeks of treatment with ECT and the score on the Self-Rating Depression Scale (on this scale, a high score indicates depression). 0 2 3 4 0 10 20 30 5 15 25 1 Weeks of treatment Score on self-rating depression scale 5
50
11 Abnormality can be defined as „the failure to function adequately‟. Outline and evaluate this definition of abnormality. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (6 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 12 The following statements refer to different approaches to abnormality. Select three statements that describe the psychodynamic approach. Tick three boxes only. A Holding unrealistic and irrational beliefs about oneself and the world. B Behaviour is caused mainly by the unconscious. C Behaviour is shaped by forces in the environment. D There is conflict between the id and the super-ego. E The human mind is an information processor. F Abnormality is caused by unresolved childhood problems. (3 marks) 13 Outline the biological approach to abnormality. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ____
4
51
14 Hugh has a phobia of the dark. Because of this phobia, he has problems sleeping and has difficulty getting to and from work in the dark winter months. His doctor suggests a biological therapy might be the solution and prescribes a short course of drugs. 14 (a) What advice should the doctor give concerning the disadvantages of this type of drug therapy? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 14 (b) Identify one psychological therapy that Hugh could consider and explain why it might help him. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... (3 marks) Extra space ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................