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Humanistic Theory

Humanistic personality theories reject psychoanalytic notions

Humanistic theories view each person as basically good and striving for self-fulfillment

Humanistic theory argues that people carry a perception of themselves and the world

The goal for a humanist is to develop/promote a positive self-concept

The goal of humanistic theory is self-actualization to keep our environment fromblocking this

Self-actualization = realizing the fullest potential two vital conditions: congruence(means there's no conflict between experience and self perceptions) and self-consistency (means there's no conflict between self perceptions)

1. Rogers

The self originator of the term used in a psychoanalytic perspective

Self = personality

Organized and consistent pattern of perception

Inconsistency evokes anxiety and threat

People with low self-esteem generally have poor congruence btwn self-concepts (s-c)and experiences (e)

2. Maslow

Hierarchy of needs -1. Self-actualization2. Aesthetic needs3. Cognitive needs4. Esteem needs5. Belonging needs6. Safety needs

7. Physiological needs

Maladaptive Personality -

anxiety inconsistency between self-concept and experience

Less overlap btwn s-c and e

Highly Functioning Personality -

more overlap btwn s-c and e

Fully functioning self

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Two factor trait theory of personality: stable-unstable and introverted-extroverted

Trait = biological personality

Traits are relatively stable and consistent personal characteristics

Trait personality theories suggest that a person can be described on the basis of some numberof personality traits

Allport identified 4500 traitsCattel used factor analysis to identify 30-35 basic traits

Eysenck argued that there are 3 extro/introversion, neuroticism, psychotocism

The Big 5 Theory - higher score = more of a trait

Openness

Conscientiousness

Extroversion

Agreeableness

Neuroticism

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests

developed to identify emotional disorders

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Social/Cognitive PerspectiveEach person has a unique personality because of our personal histories and interpretationsshape our personalities

Bandura's approach focuses on self-efficacy and reciprocal determinism

Rotter's locus of control theory emphasizes a person's internal/external focus as a majordeterminant of personality

Bandura reciprocal determinism

Self-perception

behavior environment

Rotter - Locus of control