Chapter Eight Memory

Recap Fixed Ratio, Fixed Interval, Variable Ratio,

Variable Interval

Fixed means????

Variable means????

Ratio means????

Interval means????

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PR, NR and PUN

PR & NR INCREASES previous behavior

PUN DECREASES previous behavior

D’you remember?

Well, it depends…

http://www.nbc.com/saturday-night-live/video/the-chris-farley-show/n10099

The Function of Memory

MemoryMemory – our brain’s system for filing – our brain’s system for filing away new information and retrieving away new information and retrieving previously learned materialpreviously learned material

How Memory is Organized

Eyewitness Testimony

What do you think?

http://youtu.be/xnkiclH7CmE

How Memory is Organized

Sensory Memory (SM)

1-2 seconds

Attention

Five senses

Encoded

If important, transfer to Working Memory

Working Memory (STM) EncodingEncoding into working memory into working memory

• AttentionAttention• Conscious and unconscious Conscious and unconscious

encodingencoding

• What do we encode? Images, What do we encode? Images, sounds, and meaningssounds, and meanings

Visual encodingVisual encoding Auditory encodingAuditory encoding Semantic encodingSemantic encoding

Working Memory StorageStorage in working memory in working memory

• Organization and rehearsalOrganization and rehearsal• 7+/-2 ~ 7+/-2 ~ A QUICK ExerciseA QUICK Exercise

ChunkingChunking Rote rehearsalRote rehearsal

RetrievalRetrieval from working memory from working memory• Recency effectRecency effect• Primacy effectPrimacy effect• Serial position effectSerial position effect

Chunk It Demonstration!Listen to the following string of letters

How many can you remember?

Now, listen to the next set of letters

How many can you remember?

Working Memory

Forgetting Forgetting • Interference and encodingInterference and encoding

Pseudoforgetting Pseudoforgetting • Cued forgettingCued forgetting

A Memory TestLook at the following words for 15 seconds. Try to remember them!

bed quilt dark

silence fatigue clock

snoring night toss

tired night artichoke

turn night rest

dream

bed quilt dark

silence fatigue clock

snoring night toss

tired night artichoke

turn night rest

dream

Long Term Memory (LTM)

Encoding into long-term memoryEncoding into long-term memory• Flashbulb memoriesFlashbulb memories• Elaborative rehearsalElaborative rehearsal• Mnemonics Mnemonics

Storage in long-term memoryStorage in long-term memory• Levels of processingLevels of processing

Shallow processingShallow processing Deep processingDeep processing

Long Term Memory

Retrieval from long-term memory• Recognition or recall?Recognition or recall?• Retrieval cuesRetrieval cues

Retrieval cueRetrieval cue State-dependent State-dependent

memorymemory

Long Term Memory

Retrieval failure: Retrieval failure: ForgettingForgetting• InterferenceInterference

Proactive interferenceProactive interference Retroactive Retroactive

interferenceinterference

• Sto rage decaySto rage decay Forgetting curveForgetting curve

Let’s Be Patriotic!Sing the Star Spangled Banner

What is the sentence that goes after:

“Through the perilous fight”

“O’er the ramparts we watched”

Thankfully, we weren’t this bad!!

http://youtu.be/hyCc1DzRAgQ

In case you were wondering…Oh, say, can you see,

By the dawn’s early light,

What so proudly we hailed

At the twilight’s last gleaming,

Whose broad stripes and bright stars,

Through the perilous fight,

O’er the ramparts we watched

Were so gallantly streaming.

And the rockets red glare,

The bombs bursting in air

Gave proof through the night

That our flag was still there

Oh, say, does that Star-Spangled Banner yet wave

O’er the land of the free

And the home of the brave?

Memory Mishaps

Emotion, stress and Emotion, stress and memorymemory• HypervigilanceHypervigilance• Yerkes-Dodson lawYerkes-Dodson law

Amnesia Amnesia • Retrograde amnesiaRetrograde amnesia• Anterograde amnesiaAnterograde amnesia

The Seven S in s o f Memory Three sins of forgettingThree sins of forgetting

• Absent-mindednessAbsent-mindedness• TransienceTransience

• BlockingBlocking

Three sins of distortionThree sins of distortion• MisattributionMisattribution• SuggestibilitySuggestibility• BiasBias

One sin of intrusionOne sin of intrusion• PersistencePersistence

Homework

Read Chapter Nine

See you on Thursday!